Intro to ______________Diseases

& ____________Notes

Microbiology - What is it???● The study of _______________________● They are too small to be seen without a

microscope○ “Micro”= ______________○ “bio”= _________○ “ology” = the study of

What is the definition of Disease?● Any change that disrupts the normal function of one or

more body systems.● What are Noninfectious diseases?

○ ___________________diseases: Diseases caused by exposure to certain chemicals or traits that are inherited.

● What are infectious diseases?○ Infectious diseases: Diseases caused by a

_________________.

Pathogens

● Pathogens are any _____________that causes ____________.

● Examples of pathogens:○ Bacteria○ Virus○ Fungi○ Protists

How are Infectious Diseases Spread?Infectious disease can be spread through:● Water● Food ● _________● Contact● Body fluids● ____________

How do vectors spread disease?What is a vector?● A vector is an ________________(animal or

microorganism) that _____________and _______________(passes on) an infectious pathogen to another living organism.

● Examples of vectors:_______________, fleas,_________ What is a carrier?● Carrier is an organism ________________with and can

transmit disease causing microbe to another living thing.

Cells- What are the Characteristics of Organisms?1.Composed of ____________2.Perform certain chemical processes such as growth and digestion3.Can _________________4.Either make their own nutrients or ingest nutrients from the environment5.Respond to stimuli such as light and touch

Prokaryotes - Type of cells

● Most microbes are prokaryotes● Exist almost everywhere on earth● Prokaryotes are cells that do not have a _________________● Contains a rigid cell wall, cytoplasm and ribosomes.● Identifying Prokaryotes:

○ Cell Shape○ Cell Wall○ Movement

Bacteria : A type of prokaryotic cell

● What are the parts to a bacterial cell?○ Enclosed by a ___________ _________○ Contains cytoplasm and ________________material

of the cell○ Ribsomes are the only organelle found in the

cytoplasm

Bacterium Shapes● ____________~ Sphere

shaped bacteria● ______________~ Rod

shaped bacteria● _______________~ Spiral

shaped bacteria● _______________~

Leg-like structures that help to propel the bacterium.

Bacteria - How they live, grow, and reproduce

● Bacteria can live in a variety of places (with oxygen, without oxygen, extreme_________, extreme__________).

● Bacteria reproduce through binary fission, a form of asexual reproduction.

● Under optimal conditions, bacteria can grow and divide extremely______________, and bacterial populations can double very quickly.

How are bacterial infections treated?● How are bacterial infections treated?

○ Use _________________to cure bacterial infections and inhibit their growth

● What are antibiotics?○ A chemical that can __________bacteria without

______________a person’s cell

What is antibiotic resistance?● Bacteria can develop a

________________and will no longer be killed by antibiotics

● Makes drug ____________effective● Bacteria can continue to survive and

multiply, which causes more harm● Can be caused by improper use of

prescribed antibiotics

Diseases Caused by Bacteria

What are some examples of diseases caused by bacteria?● Anthrax● _________________________● Leprosy● Bacterial Meningitis● __________________● Tuberculosis

Are all bacteria bad?

● NO!● Most bacteria are ______________– gut bacteria produce

vitamins and help people (and animals) digest their food, and bacteria in the roots help legumes (plants in the pea and bean family) get nitrogen out of the soil, which helps them to grow.

● HOWEVER… As we discussed, there are many types of bad bacteria out there that can cause infectious diseases.