notes for road and infrastructure.doc-6

7/24/2019 Notes for Road and Infrastructure.doc-6

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Notes for Interview of Road and Infrastructure Engineer

1-Steps for new project starting:Major steps to start a new road project:1-Survey work: site, setting out and cross-section before the commencement of the work lineand level of the work shall be carefully checked to ensure its accuracy.-!ake sample: of e"isting soil for testing #$% values and other physical tests&-Site office: should be established as per re'uirements of the contract.(-Safety plan: should be submitted by the contractor, approved by the engineer to ensure thesurety and safety of public and adjoining property.)-*+*# plan: submitted by the contractor.-rogramme of work: !he #ontractor shill submits to the consultant for approval a criticalpath program and other supporting documents of the work within / days after the date ofletter acceptance.0-oc taken.

/-2eneral site clearance.3-!rial trenches to check the e"isting utilities as per marked on the drawing where 4#, salready taken.15-Shop drawing preparation and taking approval from #onsultants and +uthority.11-6"isting services protectionrelocation lowering, relocation and diversion of e"istingservices.1-6arth work.1&-7ormation preparation.

1(-8nstallation of roposed Services network.1)-8nstallation of 7utureSpare duct.1-9erbstone work.10-Subbase%oad $ase.1/-et Mi" Macadam %oad $ase.13-rime coat.5-+sphalt $ase #ourse.1-!ack coat.-+sphalt earing #ourse&-%oad marking.(-;uct marker, %oad Stud.)-%oad Sign $oard fi"ing.-7ooth ath construction.0-+s $uilt drawing./-


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Main steps considering for a new project starting of roject Manager:1-Setup staff bars chart and budget.-%eview plant bar chart.&-%eview origination chart.(-%eview labor budget and setup labor histogram.)-%eview material procurement budget and set target asphalt and road base material.-%eview drawing.0-Setup material reconciliation files weekly report re'uired./-+rrangement of setting out and site survey.3-6stablished site office for work start.15-6arly re'uisition for establishment for machinery and material.11-Master program to be submitted to the consultant.1-reparation of target construction program.

1&-reparation of design program.1(-Method statement submitted to consultant.1)-reparation of material submitting schedule.1-%eview drawing and specification and raise %78 to consultant if any clarification re'uiredin drawing.10-%eview commercial plan for profit.1/-Setup cash flow forecastincome, e"penditure and target cash balance.13-reparation and submit to consultant of safety,


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&: hat is ontal and @ertical alignment?+ns:ontal alignment of road shown in " and > coordinates called the plan view.. @ertical alignment of the road is shown on the y a"is and is called the profile view.(: hat is the longitudinal gradient provided generally for roads?+ns: .1 to & =.): hat is transverse cross fall provided generally to cross-section of roads?+ns: =.-hat is 7ormula to calculate of $earing, #o-ordinate and ;istance?+ns:$earingA - A ;, 6-6 A 6;, $earing A6;; B!an-1#o-ordinate: e"t#o-ordinate orthingAC;istanceB#os $earing, e"t coordinate6astingA6C;istanceBSin $earing,A; #os !heta, 6A; Sin !heta

;istanceA - A ;, 6-6 A 6;, A;s' C6;s' Da>er-6"plain about 2S?+ns:!he global positioning system E2SF is a space based satellite navigation system thatprovides location and time information in all weather condition on the earth.8t becomes fully operation in 133).arts of 2S:1-$ase C%adio,-%overC#ontroller%oad +lignment:!he route along which the center line of a road is located in plan is calledthe road alignment.

#amber or #ross slope:1-arabolic camber,-Slope camber,&-#omposite camber.0-hat are the main design parameters you check before issuing the approval for roadprofile?/-hy transition curve is is introduced at the beginning and end of the circular curve.3-hat is compound curve?15-hat is parameter re'uired to set a circular curve and how do you do it.3-NOC (No Objection Certificate) Taing:1:


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+ns:1-4# letter of department, -Subject to #ondition of statement. &-28S E2eographicalinformation systemF drawing in which mentioned all e"isting utility services detail forcontractor information.!-"#$T% &O$':1: hat is 6arthwork?+ns:Moving or process of part on the surface into a desired shape for as purpose is calledearthwork.: hat is cleaning and grubbing?+ns:!his work consist of cleaning, grubbing and disposing, debris,vegetation,building,fencestructure, wall old pavement, abandoned pipe lines and any other obstruction which are notdesignated on the drawing.&: hat is sub-grade?+ns:Sub-grade is suitable soil which can be having #$% 5= at 3)= M;;.8t is final layer of

embankments.(:


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lasticity inde":lasticity inde" is the numerical difference of GG and .G i.e. E8AGG-GF8tshould be ma": =.Moisture:!he amount of water present in the material is called moisture.4ptimum moisture content:!he amount of water at which soil is compacted to ma"imumEhigherF dry density is called 4ptimum moisture content.Sand e'uivalent:!he determination of silt, clay and fine in the material is called sande'uitant.11: 8f cracks appear on the compacted sub grade what are the reasons?+ns: 1-6"cessive moisture or dryness, -6"cessive cohesion less material, &-Hnderneathsegregation.1: hat is the function of shoulder for +sphalt avement?+ns: 1-!o improve road safety by providing better visibility and convenient hard standing fortemporarily disabled vehicle.

-!o give e"tra width to the carriageway for emergency use.&-!o provide lateral support to the pavement layers.(-!o shed the surface water from the road.1&: hat is the formation preparation surface tolerance?+ns:7ormation tolerance: C)mm and -)mm.1(:


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dAeight of dry soil.(: hat is formula to calculate ;ry ;ensity?+ns:;ry density of soil M;;Ad@;Aeight of dry soil.@A!otal volume of dry soil): hat is formula to calculate et ;ensity?+ns:et density of soil ;Ad@sdAeight of dry soil.@sA!otal solid volume of soil0: hat is #$% and write the formula of calculation of #$%?+ns:#$% is #alifornia bearing ratio to check the bearing capacity of the soil Ei.e. theshearing resistance of a soil. 4riginally developed by the #alifornia ;ivision of


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e can perform these tests on a self-contained basis Ealthough the assistance of ane"cavator on site is often helpfulF.#$% calculation formula:!he #$% is the unit load re'uired to force the plunger into the soil acertain depth E5.15 inF divided by the unit load re'uired to force the plunger the same depthinto a standard sample Eof crushed stone F e"pressed as percentage i.e.#$% A#orrected load value K155 Standard loadStandard load for 5.15 inch A 05kgcm s' A 1555 psiStandard load for 5.5 inch A15)kgcm s' A 1)55 psi

!he late $earing !est:!he plates are loaded by hydraulic jack and settlement measured inincrements. + graph is plotted of settlement against bearing pressure.@arious national standards apply for this test including $ritish Standard$S1&00 art 3 and

+S!M ;113(, but the test can be modified to suit your specific re'uirements.rocedure:8n order to perform this test it is important to have sufficient kentledgeto jackagainst to test bearing capacity. !his could be e'uipment you have on site such as a &5e"cavator, a mobile crane or a wagon loaded with material. ormally (L plate is used fortest.: hat is different tests fre'uency?+ns: 7re'uency of test:Gayer !est er !est

7ill M;;, 4M# 1555M#$% 555MSH$$+S6 M;;, 4M# &555M

#$% &555MSulphalte and chloride content 555 M;ensity and moisture content 1)55M

%oad base M;;, 4M# &555M#$% &555M

Sulphalte and chloride content 555 M;ensity and moisture content 1)55M

$ackfilling of structures M;;, 4M# )M&of backfill ;ensity and moisture content & tests per layer-"*ectrica* wor:1-hat is different type of cable?+ns:.(kv, .kv, 11kv &cB(5mm and &cB&55mm no 74# cable, &&kv &c B(5mm and

Prepared By: Civil Engineer Azhar Iqal !arar Page +
http://www.bsigroup.com/http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kentledgehttp://www.bsigroup.com/http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kentledge


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&cB&55mm 74# cable available, 1&kv &cB(55mm 74# available, (55kv.!ype of new cables according to drawing:1-1 #able: &cB(5mm s'.#u.G6, - #able: &cB(5mm s'.+l.G6&-N1#able: &cB&55mm s'.#u.G6!ype of old cable:1-1 #able: &cB1/)mm s'.+l.G6, -O1 #able: &cB&55mm s'.+l.G6&-N #able: &cB&55mm s'.#u.8G#G@ #able si>e:(#B&55, 1/), 15, 3), )5,)mm.-7or #ables e"isting under the road what, will you decide for that?+ns:8f cable cross the road then lowered and protected. 8f cable parallel under the proposedroad then relocation to be re'uired.&: !here are cables under internal roads, but there is no corridor available, your action?+ns:#oncern +uthority decision to be re'uired.

(:


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#able testing:Meger testing.#able joint:1-8ntermediate joint, -Shut down joint.G6:#ross linking polythene electric.8G#:aper insulation cable.+-&ater supp*y:1-hat is the ipe?+ns:ipe is round bar with nominal bore, wall thickness and outside dia.-


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!ape, #ombination Spanner, ;ull spanner ,$o" rench, %ing rench, @ice cripe,$ench@ice, #hain $lock, Gever $lock,


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reinforced epo"y,2%A2lass reinforced plastic,@#Aoly @inyl #hloride,2.8.A 2alvani>ation8ron,M.SAMild SteelsJAStainless Steel,e: 1155B55mm, #hamber si>e: .1B1.(&-7errul middle chamber: #hamber si>e: 55B()5mm.

&5- hat is different type of pipes?+ns: !ypes of pipe:1-+# pipe E+sbestos #ement pipeF,-


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Manhole type:M< frame shall be s'uare with circular clear opening 55mm dia and besingle sealed.!hrust block should be constructed:+ll bend, slope greater than 1 and stop end, tees.!ests:1-ressure test: +llowable loss for ( hours: ipe dia in mmBipe length in mmB.55555)!est pressure shall be 1.) times the ma"imum working pressure of 3 bars.$acteria test, #hlorination test.#leaning swab shall be used after cleaning the pipe.&1- 6"plain about e:0)mm,35mm,115mm,1)5mm,1)mm,1(5mm,15mm,1/5mm,55mm,)mm,)5mm,/5mm,&1)mm,&))mm,(55mm.&- 6"plain about 2% ipes?+ns:Gength: 15 to 1 m,!olerance: )mm&&- 6"plain about olyethylene pipes?

+ns:8t is EM;6F median density polyethylene pipe, working pressure is 3 to 1 bar.&(- hat is different type of @alve?+ns: 1-#ontroll @alve, -on return valve, &-System valve.!ypes of @alve:+ir valve, gate valve, butterfly valve, stop valve, lockable ball valve, onreturn valve, resilient seated butterfly valve, pressure sustaining and reducing valve, sluicevalve, wash out valve, ressure relief valve, flow meter. Sluice valve, $utterfly valve.2ate @alve:8t is shall be female end for gate valve fi"ing the spindle shall be fitted with ahand wheel. 8t shall be used for pipe line si>e up to &55mm dia.

Stop @alve:!he spindle shall be fitted with a brass crutch head.Gockable ball @alve:!he service water meter where installed in wall mounted 2% metershall be isolated by a lockable valve.one %eturn @alve:8t shall be suitable for hori>ontal and vertical upward flow installation.ater meter1 inch to inch:%esilient Seated $utterfly @alve:!his valve is used above &)5 to 1555 mm dia pipe line.+ir %elease @alve:8t is used for discharge air during charging of pipe and admits air duringemptying.&)- hat is different type of joints?+ns:7lange adapter joint, elding joint for


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+ns:1-7low meter, -ressure meter, &-ater 'uality meter.&/- hat is 7errule?+ns:8t is a screw down valve type allowing for the shut off of the flow.&3- hat is Service connection?+ns:!ee, #onnectors, +daptor, 6lbow, #oupling,1M #ubicA5 2allon1 $ar A15m12allonA(.)ltr,-"tisa*at:1: hat is different type of 6tisalat manhole?+ns: D%#-( si>eA1.1)B.0B.3m,D%#-11, D%#-1si>eA1.0&B1.()B.3()mD%#-1(si>eA.)/)B1./)B1.11)m,M%!-0si>eA.0/B.()B.&m, M%!-/$si>e:&.&B.05B.1m,M%!-/#si>e: &.&B.05B.(m,M%!-3si>e: .&B1./)B1.30m

M%-$, M%-#,M%-;, M%-6si>e: .3)B1.1)B.0m,M%-(si>e: .&B1.5/B1.30mM%-11si>e: &.3)B1B.1m: rite name and si>e of 6tisalat ma"imum big manhole?+ns: M%!-/#, si>eA&.&B.0B.(m&:


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M< type 8: Manhole dia: 1)55mm, wall !hickness: &55mm, ipe dia: 55 to 55mm, ;epth:&)55 to )(55mm.M< typeD: Manhole dia: 1/55mm, wall !hickness: &)5mm, ipe dia: 055 to 355mm, ;epth:&/55 to 0055mm.M< type 9: Manhole dia: 155mm, wall !hickness: &)5mm, ipe dia: 1555 to 1155mm,;epth: 3555mmM< type G: Manhole dia: (55mm, wall !hickness: &)5mm, ipe dia: more than155mm,;epth: 3555mm11- rite the construction steps of Storm ater ;rainage manholes?+ns:1:6"cavation,:$ed preparation,&-$linding:0)mm,(:aterproofing on blinding surface,)- Screed: )mm,-$ase slab,0-Gower shaft all,/-%educing slab,3-Hpper shaft wall,15-!op Slab,11-recast concrete e"tension ring,1- #over and frame fi"ing si>eA55mmdia,1&-$enching #hannel,1(:& coat of epo"y paint protection to all internal concrete

surface,1)-7le"ible joint,1-2rit bonding to pipe embedding concrete,10-ater proofingtanking membrane and protection board,1/-Stainless steel safety chain13-Steelreinforcement to be grade (5,5-Steel reinforcement to be epo"y1-$enching:!his is a concrete which used inside the manhole for channel with thickness0)mm.1&-#radle:ooden frame which is used for 2% pipe in stock pile.1(-!rench width:A1.);C)556"tra trench width re'uired if sheeting is used

ipe top level called Aipe crownSteel reinforcement shall be grade (5 E$S (((3F1.-Sewerage:1- Sewerage ipe si>e:55mm,)5mm,&1)mm,(55mm,55mm,055mm,355mm,1555mm,1155mm,155mm-ipe !ype: 2%.&-Manhole !ype:+,$,#,;,6,7(-Manhole si>e:155mm,1)55mm,1/55mm,155mm,(55mm.)-Manhole depth: 1(55mm to 3555mm.-#over and frame si>e:55 B55mm double triangular.0-$ase slab thickness:) !4 (55mm./-!op slab thickness:)5mm.3- hat is different type of Sewerage manholes?+ns:!ype: +, $, #, ;, 6, 7M< type +: Manhole dia: 155mm, wall !hickness: )mm, ipe dia: 55MM, ;epth: 1(55

Prepared By: Civil Engineer Azhar Iqal !arar Page 1!


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to 55mm.M< type $: Manhole dia: 1)55mm, all !hickness: )5mm, ipe dia: 55 to 55mm, ;epth:55 to &)55mmM< type #: Manhole dia: 1)55mm, all !hickness: &55mm, ipe dia: 55 to 55mm, ;epth:&)55 to )(55mmM< type ;: Manhole dia: 1/55mm, all !hickness: &)5mm, ipe dia: 055 to 355mm, ;epth:&/55 to 0055mm.M< type 6: Manhole dia: 155mm, all !hickness: &)5mm, ipe dia: 1555 to 1155mm,;epth: (555 to 3555mmM< type 7: Manhole dia: (55mm, all !hickness: &)5mm, ipe dia: More than 155mm,;epth: (555 to 3555mm.15- rite the construction steps of Sewerage manhole?+ns: 1:6"cavation,:$ed preparation,&-$linding: 0)mm, (- ater proofing tanking

membrane, )-Screed: )mm,-$ase slab, 0-2% Giner fi"ing for lower shaft thickness.)mm,/-all concrete for lower shaft,3-%educer Slab,15- 2% liner fi"ing for upper shaft,11-all concrete for upper shaft.1- recast concrete e"tension ring,1&-!op slab concrete1(- Manhole #over and frame: 55B55 doubles triangular ,1)- $enching #hannel0)mm,1-2% Gamination on benching surface,10- 2% upper shaft lamination1/-Steel reinforcement to be grade (5,13-Steel reinforcement to be epo"y coated,5-7le"ible joint,1-2rit bonding to pipe embedding concrete,-ater proofing tankingmembrane and protection board,&-ater tanking membrane, (-Stainless steel safety

chain,)- $ackdrop connection if re'uired.11-Concrete:1: hat is concrete?+ns: 8t is mi"ture of sand, crush aggregate, #ement and water with different type of ratio.#lause of concrete:()5, (55, &55, 55.() is compressive strength and 5 is the ma" si>e of aggregate.: hat is concrete mi" design?+ns:;esign is blended of coursefine aggregate, water, cement and admi"ture. !o achievethe re'uired specify limit strength of concrete.&: hat are the constitute of concrete and what part each play in the 'uality in the concrete.+ns:#onstitute of concrete are sand, aggregate, cement and water, sand and aggregate areplay important rule in concrete.(: hat is curing of concrete and why it is necessity?+ns:!o prevent loss of moisture from concrete .e need curing of concrete to keep themoisture in concrete for the hydration of cement to strength the concrete.

Prepared By: Civil Engineer Azhar Iqal !arar Page 1


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#uring Method:1.ater curing method, -Membrane curing method, &-Steam curingmethod.): hy do you compact concrete what are the different way of doing it.+ns:7or proper placing and density, to avoid any defect like honeycombing, air holes etc,compaction is carried out by vibrator by mechanical or electromechanically poker viberator.Slump test:which determines the consistency EstrengthF of freshly, mi" concrete?: hat are the main factors affecting the mi" design?+ns:1-orkability, -;urability, &-6conomy.0: e larger than .&mm.1(: hat is the 6longation inde"?



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+ns: 8t is the percentage by weight of particles whose greatest dimension or length is greaterthan the 1 and () or 1./ times then their mean dimension. !he elongation inde" applicablefor si>e smaller than .&mm.1): hat is +ggregate crushing value?+ns:!he strength of course aggregate may be assessed by aggregate crushing test .!heaggregate crushing value provide a relative measure of resistance to crushing undergradually applied compressive load .!o achieve a high 'uality pavement aggregatepossession high resistance to crushing or low aggregate crushing value are performed.1: hat is workability?+ns: !he consistence of concrete mi" must be such that the concrete can be transported,placed and finished sufficiently easily and without.10: 6"plain briefly about the trial mi" of concrete to determine the concrete mi" design?+ns:reliminary laboratory test trial shall be carried out to determine the job mi" design to

satisfy the specification with approved material. & trial mi"es shall not less than the meanstrength. !rial mi"ed shall be tested to determine the following properties of mi".1. $leeding Eone vibratingF not e"ceed 5.)=, . ;rying shrinkage,&. +ir content,(. ater,#ement ratio, ). orkability, . 7resh and hardened concrete densities, 0. #ompressivestrength, /. ater permeability ma" 15mm for / days and ma" 1)mm for 0 days, 3.#hloride permeability, 15. 8nitial setting


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(: hat is curing and purpose?+ns:!o prevent to escape of mi"ing water re'uired for hydration process and helps indevelopment of strength.urpose:1-!o prevent cracks, -!o increase strength.): hat is different type of concrete curing?+ns:1-ater curing, -Steam curing, &-#uring compound!emperature:#oncrete temperature ma" +mbient+ir temperature ma" (5#ater temperature ma" ) # and min ) #< value of water 0-3: hat is the function of admi"ture or retarder?+ns:!o delay the setting time of concrete and increase concrete strength.0: hat is the final and initial setting time of concrete?

+ns:Min () minutes, Ma"(/ hours/: hat is the type of admi"ture used in concrete?+ns:1-asty Sei>er,- %etarder,&-+ccelerator,(-asty Sei>er with retarding agent,)-astysei>er with accelerating agent,-Super pasty sei>er,0-Super pasty sei>er with retarding agent3: hat is function of retarder admi"ture in concrete mi"?+ns:1-!o delay the setting time of concrete about 1- ( hours over normal setting time andreduce the mi"ing water by about &-3 9gM cube and increase the compressive strength byabout 15-1) =.

-!o reduce the setting time 1-( hours.&-!o increase the strength 15-1) =.(-!o decrease the mi" water &-3 during 9bm cubic.&5:


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&(: %etarder admi"tures.+ns:!his type is admi"ture is mainly used to increase the time of initial setting of the cementin concrete.&): rite down ) types of cement used in concrete.+ns:#ement type 1:4# used for superstructure.#ement type :!his cement is ortland low heat cement as defined by $S.!his type ofcement if mainly suitable for concrete increase where chloride ans sulphalte us e"isting andalso used in massive concrete where heat is e"erted due to chemical action.#ement type &:8t is defined by %apid hardening ortland cement .8t is used for cold weatherstructure.#ement type (:8t is e'uivalent to %apid setting ortland cement and it is used for structureunder water.#ement type ):8t is define by Sulphate resistanting cement. 8t is mainly used for structures s

Slump test:7or workability#ube test:7or compressive strength.roctor test:7or M;;4M##ore test:#ompressive strength.# %atio:ater diluted by the cement used in design per meter cubic.8ntegrity test:!o check the physical dimension continuity, cracks, buldging, and consistency,of material used in the pile concrete.&: ;efine test of the durability of the concrete?

&0: #oncrete mi" design given the cement A&/5, ater cement ratioA5.(, #ombineaggregate moistureA1.=, Specific gravity density of combine aggregateA.0)?&/: hat is creep and humidity effect on concrete?&3: hat is the limit of speedy moisture?(5: hat is the effect of water cement ratio on the concrete?(1: lease make a mi" design of concrete from following data-#ementA&05kg, #rationA5.(), &/ inch aggregateA&5=, SandA)5=.(: hat is the density of the mi"?(&: hat is the rule of water cement ratio?((: ;efinition of ;ensity.(): ;efinition of Specific gravity.12-S#S":1: hat is sub-base?+ns:Sub-base shall consist of crushed mineral aggregate of the gradation and thicknessspecified as per project specification generally #$% should be ) to /5 at 155= M;;.



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lasticity inde" in the range of ( to .

Sand e'uivalent shall be not less than &).

#$% should be (5 = minimum.

#ompaction 3) = minimum.

+ggregate si>e &mm down. lacing of Sub base layer not e"ceed 55mm.

!olerance of sub base C15mm and -5mm.

13-$oa ase:1: hat is %oad-base?

+ns:+ggregate road base shall be consisting of uniform mi"ture of gravel with sand, silt andclay conforming to the specified gradation limits.

%oad base mi" at site and lay by grader. +ggregate si>e should be )5mm down.

#$% /5 = minT 3/ = #ompaction min.

!olerance of road base C15mm and -15mm.

hysical properties test not e"ceed the following test values:Gi'uid limit : )= ater absorption : =Ginear shrinkage : &= +ggregate crushing value : )=lasticity inde" : = 7lakiness inde" : &)=

Stone si>e : )5mm 6longation inde" : &)=Sand e'uivalent not less than: () Soundness : 1=!est standard: !esting of sub base and road base shall be carried out in accordance with $S /1 and

$S 1&00. Gaboratory M;; test shall be carried in accordance with $S 1&00.

Gi'uid limit shall be determined in accordance with part of $S 1&00.

7ield density shall be determined in accordance with part 3 if $S 1&00.

!he acid soluble chloride in the sub base and road base shall not e"ceed than &.)= and ./= by weight respectively.

!he acid soluble sulphate in the sub base and road base shall not e"ceed than .5=

and .)= by weight respectively.1!-&et /i4 /acaa/:1: hat is %oad-base?+ns:et mi" road base shall be crushed rock or crushed gravel material.

Prepared By: Civil Engineer Azhar Iqal !arar Page 2.


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1. et mi" mi"ed by plant and lay by paver.. +ggregate si>e should be )5mm and down.&. #$% should be /5= min.(. #ompaction 155 = min.). ormal grading 05= aggregate and &5= sand.. Moisture content (.)= to .)=.0. Gayer thickness not e"ceeds 1)5mm./. !olerance of wet mi" C15mm and -15mm.hysical properties test same above mentioned et mi" macadam test.

1-5ri/e Coat: itu/en 'erosene oi*:1: hat is medium curing prime coat i.e. M#-5M#-1, M#-.

+ns:rime coat is low viscosity li'uid bitumen material usually medium curing cutbackasphalt. rime coat shall be medium curing cut back asphalt grade M#-05.

rime coat is spray over road base or wet mi" to seal the moisture content and

penetration. !he rate of application should be between .0 to litm s' to 1.) litm s'.

#uring time should be (/ hrs.

!emperature 5 degree to /5 degree.

!here are three types for prime coatM#-5 means medium >ero viscosity.M#-1 means medium curing on viscosity.M#- means medium curing two viscosities.1-M#-05 Medium curing -----Hsed kerosene oil.-S# -Slow curing -------- 4il of low vitality.&-%# -%apid curing ---------2asoline.

: hy is it necessity the prime coat must be fully dry.

+ns:$ecause it is applied to water-bound absorbent surface. 8f prime coat is too wet then itcannot be absorbed properly.&: hat is prime coat!ack coat 'uantity formula?+ns:rime coatAeight of prime coat I+rea of boardA 9gm s'1-Tac Coat: 1: hat is medium curing prime coat i.e. M#-5M#-1, M#-.

+ns: 6mulsified +sphalt E;iluted with an e'ual 'uantity of water 1:1F is called tack coat.



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!emperature- 15 degree to 5 degree

%ate of application A5.&5- 5.5 GM s'

#uring time should be hrs.

!emperature 15 degree to 5 degree.

+mbient temperature not less than 1& degree centigrade for both.: hy do we need tack coat or prime coat and what is difference among that.+ns:$efore laying any asphalt material the e"isting surface should be clean and dry, anyloose material on e"iting surface can affect the compaction and bonding or asphalt layer onmoisture on e"isting surface can cause crack in asphalt layer.&: hy should you cut the joint straightclean apply tack coat.+ns:!o obtain proper bonding with new asphalt to get neat joint.1+-#S5%#6T &O$':

1: hat do you understand by $itumen mi" or +sphalt concrete?+ns:+sphalt is use in the surface layer of road. !he mi" is composed usually of aggregateand asphalt cement. Some type of bituminous mi"es is also used in base course.!he design of asphalt paving mi" as with the design of other engineering material is largely amatter of selecting and proportioning constitute material to obtain the desired properties inthe finished pavement structures.: hat do you understand by ;ense bitumen macadam+sphalt concrete?+ns:;ense bitumen macadam is mi"ture of bitumen and course mineral aggregate.+sphalt concrete is mi"ture of bitumen and well graded, high 'uality mineral aggregate laid

and compact while hot.&: hat are the different types of pavements?+ns: !here are two main types of pavement in road structure, fle"ible and rigid pavement.(: hat are the different types of asphalt?+ns:!here are four main types of asphalt: 1-


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/: hat is DM7?+ns: Dob mi" formula is combination of bitumen and blended aggregate with all specificre'uirements like voids, stability EstrengthF, flow, density EcompactionF for testing.3: hat is the job mi" ;esign of +sphalt?+ns:;esigning +sphalt paving mi" is largely a matter of selecting and proportioning materialto ade'uate obtains the desired 'ualities and properties in the asphalt finished construction.!he overall object is to determine an economical blend gradation of aggregates Ewithin thespecification limitF and corresponding asphalt content that yield a mi" having the desired'ualities as per the specification.$rief description:1. reliminary lab test shall be carried out to determine the mi"es to satisfy the specification

with approved material.. rior to finali>ation the proposed job mi" with bitumen content

8n base course &. to (.( Eby weight of total mi"F 8n $inderearing course &.( to (.( Eby weight of total mi"F&. Shall be compacted to refusal E(55-55 blowsF and the resulting voids in the mi" shall not

be less than = for asphalt concrete and &= for ;.$.M.11: hat is Marshall Mi" ;esign for $ituminous Materials?!he selection of the asphalt binder content with a suitable density which satisfies stabilityand range of flow values is called Marshall Mi" ;esign method. !he Marshall Mi" ;esignmethod was originally developed by $ruce Marshall of the Mississippi


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specimen cured in water and air for eight days at 1/ degree #.. !he course aggregate shall show no detrimental amount of stripping of bitumen when

tested in accordance with +S!M ; -1(.0. earing course mi" shall be subjected to further marshal test at /5 degree # after oven

heating for a period hours./. Mi" with a bitumen content corresponding to the ma"imum allowable for the selected job

mi" shall be compacted to refusal and the resulting void in mi" shall be not less than &=.

1&: rite the Marshall !est?+ns:1. Stability.. 7low.&. @8M Evoids in mi"F.

(. @M+ Evoids in mineral aggregateF.). @7$ Evoids filled with bitumenF.. 2M$ Ebulk sp gravity of marshalF. 2rading test carried out at the rate of one sample: every 55 ton produced.

Marshall test carried out at the rate of one sample: every (55 ton produced.

#ore test carried out at the rate of one sample: every )55m s'.

Method Statement of Marshall test:1-+sphalt sample collect from loaded truck at asphalt plant.

- +sphalt sample temperature re'uired: 1(-1(0 #&-7ill asphalt in ( nos mould for sampling.(-#ompact filled material with hammer Eweight (.)kgF 0) blows each side.)-Mould open after ( hours.-!ake sample dry weight.0-ut sample in water for & minutes./-!ake sample wet weight.3-!ake sample SS; weight Eagain dry with clothF.

15-Minimum density re'uired: ,555 kgm&$ulk ;ensity: Sample wet weight Usample SS; weightsample dry weightStability and 7low checking:1-9eep sample into water bath in 5 degree # temperatures for &) minutes.-ut out sample from water bath.&-#heck Stability and 7low through machine.(-Minimum stability re'uired: 1)

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)-Minimum 7low re'uired: / !4 1.1(: hat is difference in asphalt base course and wearing course?+ns:1-!he base course in pavements is a layer of material in an asphalt roadway that islocated directly under the surface layer.1): hat asphalt bitumen content is generally applied?+ns:).)= to 0=1:


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+ns: !he following desirable mi" properties:1-Stability EstrengthF, -7le"ibility EelasticityF, &-;urability, (-orkability, )-8mpermeability,-7atigue(: ;escribed briefly the method of production hot asphalt plant mi"?1. #old aggregate storage at different cold bin.. ;rying at hot dryer.&. Screening over the screening unit.(.


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+sphalt temperature behind behind the paver 1&) degree centigrade to 1&

+sphalt breakdown temperature 15 degree centigrade to 1(5.

+sphalt temperature at joint 35 degree centigrade.

#ompaction temperature 1() degree centigrade

!olerance of +sphalt C- &mm. +sphalt should be laid ) = more.

!%: eight 5 ton to ) ton.

!yre pressure: /5 lbs to 115 lbs.

S!%: eight -1 !on

aver machine: Screw, temping rod, hopper, Sensor meter, Slope meter, grade slope,

sticks and vegetable oil for !% tire. aver speed: .) to &.) mminute.

: ;escribed briefly the ;istress and cause of ;istress in asphalt.+ns: ;istress:+ny indication of unsatisfactory performance of a pavement surface is calleddistress.#ause of distress:1-!raffic load,-6nvironment or climate influence,&-;rainage deficiencies,(-Material 'uality problem,)-#onstruction deficiencies and e"ternal contributor,-Such asutility cut.!ypes of distress:#racks, distortion, disintegration, skidding ha>ard and surface treatmentdistress.

1-#racks:Several different types of cracks can develop in asphalt pavement. !he repairdepends on the type of cracks. Some cracks are load related and some are attributable totemperature or environment.+-7atigue crakes or alligator crakes:#ause due to by load related deterioration resultingfrom a weakened base course or sub grade, too little pavement thickness, over loading or acombination of these factors.$-$lock cracks:$lock cracks are a serious of large, rectangular cracks on an asphaltpavement surface. $lock cracking is typical cause by shrinkage of the asphalt pavement dueto temperature cycle.#-6dge cracks:6dge cracks are longitudinal cracks which develop within one or two feet ofthe outer edge of the pavement. !hese cracks are formed because of a lack of support at thepavement edge.;-Gongitudinal cracks:Gongitudinal cracks occur parallel to the centerline of the pavement.#aused by poorly constructed joint, shrinkage of asphalt layer, segregation due to improperpaver operation. !hese cracks are not load related.

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6-!ransverse cracks:!ransverse cracks occur roughly perpendicular to the centerline of thepavement. #aused by shrinkage of asphalt layer or reflection from an e"isting cracks. !hesecracks are not load related.7-%eflection cracks:%eflection cracks are cracks that form over joint are cracks in a concretepavement or in an overlay of a deteriorated asphalt pavement. !hese cracks formed due tomovement of old pavement.2-Slippage cracks:Slippage cracks are crescent shaped cracked which formed because oflow strength of asphalt mi" or a poor bond between pavement layers. !he cracks form due toforce applied by turning or braking motion of vehicle.-;istortion EbendF:;istortion in an asphalt pavement is caused by instability of an asphaltmi" or weakness of the base or sub grade layer. !his distress may include rutting, shoving,depression, swelling and patch failures.%utting:+ groove or depression form on the surface on road longitudinal to the road by the

wheel of vehicle is called rut.%utting is a linear, surface depression in the wheel path due to heavy traffic load. %utting iscause by deformation or consolidation of any of the pavement layers or subgrade.8t can because by insufficient pavement thickness, lack of compaction and weak asphalt mi"ture.Shoving EpushF:Shoving is a longitudinal displacement of a locali>ed area of the pavementsurface. 8t is typically cause by: breaking of vehicles, e"cess asphalt, too much fineaggregate, rounded aggregate, too soft asphalt or a weak granular base.;epression:;epression is locali>ed low spot in the pavement surface. !hese flaws can be

cause by settlement or other failure on the lower pavement layers or by poor constructiontechni'ue.Hpheaval EdisturbanceF:Hpheaval is a locali>ed upward movement in a pavement due toswelling of the sub grade. 7rost heave is an e"ample of this type of distress.atch 7ailures:hen pavement are patched, some distress may begin to occur .!he rate at

which a patch deteriorate is influence by compaction, material selection and the 'uality of thesurrounding or underlying pavement.&-;isintegration EbreakupF:;isintegration is the breakup of a pavement into small pieces thatare lost with time and traffic. %aveling and potholes are the most common types ofdisintegration.%aveling:%aveling is the wearing away of the aggregate particles from the asphalt cement.!his condition indicates that the asphalt has hardened or that poor 'uality mi"ture was used.%aveling occurs in the presence of traffic.otholes:;epression in a surface of road roughly circular in plan is called pot hole.otholes are bowl shaped holes caused by the locali>ed disintegration of the pavement

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surface. otholes typically result from the continued deterioration of another type ofdistress .Segregation, cracks or failed patches may serve as the start of the potholes. oormi"ture and weak spots in the base or sub grade.(-Skidding ha>ard:Skidding ha>ard are caused by 1-water on the surface on the pavement,-olished aggregate,&-6"cess asphalt,(-4ther lubricants on the pavement surface.olished aggregate:Some aggregate are a smooth finish or te"ture under traffic. !heseaggregate should not be used in wearing course. 8f the aggregate polishes the surfaceroughness must be restored.$leeding:$leeding can be cause by,1- !oo much asphalt in mi",-6"cess tack coat,&-!rafficcan also over compact an unsuitable mi" and force asphalt to the surface.)-Surface treatment distress:Surface treatment can e"perience their own distress. !heseinclude loss of cover aggregate and streakingElinesF.0-2eneral definition.

#reep:!he slow plastic movement of the material in a surface layer in the direction of trafficflow is called creep.#ra>ing:!he breaking up of the surface layer of road through the cracking into someirregular shape figure is called cra>ing.Mapping:8rregular shaped hair cracks appeared on the road surface is called maping.7retting:!he loosening of a wearing surface under the action of traffic or weather is calledfretting.+brasion E#utF:!he removal of material from the surface of the road by grinding and rubbing

action due to movement of traffic is called +brasion.2routing:!he action by which a binder in li'uid form is made to penetrate in to joint or cracksis called grouting.Marshall:!his is a one method to design the asphalt concrete mi".DM7:8t combination of bitumen and blended aggregate.Stability:Strength, firmness,Stability:Ma"imum load develop during the test till failure )5./mmmin is called stability.Specific:6"act detail.;ensity:mass, compactness, thickness$ulk:si>e, volume!olerance of earing course:&mm./: Milling machine inspection:1-Milling machine teeth check,-;epth or thickness to be checked.&-+sphalt grove should bechecked behind milling machine.(-$ehind milling cleaning to be checked.)-Sensor thicknessto be checked.



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-+fter milling surface cleaning should be done with broom brush machine and aircompressor./5:


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: hat are warning signs?+ns: Such as speed limit, reduce speed.&:


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*-: hat you know about reinforcement specification?+ns:1-;eformed high yield steel bars grade (5 type--#lear from dust, oil, grease, salt and other deleterious material.&-#utting and bending by heat is not permitted.(-$inding wire steel dia 1. mm to be used.)-Supports under rebar shall be spaced at not more than eighty times dia of the bar.Steel test:Oield strength, tensile strength, bend and re-bend, chemical analysis test.#ement setting time: 5 minutes initial and 55 minutes final.: hat is difference between re-tension and post tension and brief it?+ns: re-tensioning is performed before concrete.ost tensioning is performed after concrete.Method of ost tensioning:1-7alse work Eas per approved shop drawingF

-7orm work Esoffit of bottom slab and outer side of e"ternal webF&-#ompletion of reinforcement bottom slab and web.(-8nstallation of trumpets with template as per approved shop drawing free to line and levelat stressing ends.)-+ hori>ontal reinforcement will be installed to bear the ducts. lace at the re'uiredelevation and conveniently tied to the general reinforcement of the structures.-8nstallation and placing of post tension ducts as per approved shop drawing re'uired levelat each 1 m distance.

0-!he duct will be fastening with wire and additional steel. So that during the preparation andcasting concrete should not be moved./-Strand threading to be done as per re'uired no, s of strand in each ducts.3-8njection negels with injection tube to be fi"ed.15-@ent pipes will be fi"ed at all the high point and should be water tied.11-#asting of concrete.1-+ftercompletion of concrete strand threading will be completed.1&-8nstallation of anchor plate and wedge for friction test.1(-Stressing.1)-Dacr and pressure gauge will calibrate before stressing.1-Stressing forces will be applied by loading steps and increase it step by step until the finaltendon stressing force, elongation will be measured with each step and record.!he obtained stressing elongation shall be compare to the theoretical e"pected elongation.!he different between actual and theoretical shall be smaller than .)= of the theoreticalelongation.



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ote:8nternal stresses are introduced in a plan mainer so that so e"tra loading to be counteracted in the member.Stressing Gosses:Short term:+nchorage set, 6lastic shortening of concrete, 7riction losses.Gong term:#reep, Shrinkage of concrete, %ela"ation of strands, !hermaldue totemperature.Stressing:Stressing is an internal resistance to e"ternal forces or load applied and a unitstress.!ypes of stressing:1-!ensile stress, -#ompressive stress,&-Shear stress.22-5i*ing:1:


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1: 6"plain about ile !est?+ns:1-ile load test, -8ntegrity test., &-Sonic test.ile Goad test: 7ollowing two methods are available for pile load test.1-Static load test - aF by kenlidge test, bF $y +nchor test.-;ynamic test.ote:8n pile load test settlement should not be more than mm.8ntegrity test:!o check physical dimensions continuity cracks, buldging and consistency ofmaterial used in the pile concrete.2routing:1-Strand cutting.!he strand will be cut at a length & cm to (cm from the wedges.-2rout mi" with cemet, water and admi"ture. ater cement ration of the grout shall not begreater than .(.&-!endon will be grout within a weak but not before / to 1


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+ns:+ safe work method statement must be prepared for all high risk construction works.project.): hat is shop drawing, what do you check in that?+ns:;etailed construction drawings that show the proposed material, shape, si>e is calledshop drawing.: hat is contract problem?+ns:8n contract if any parties do not understand e"actly what is e"pected of them.Specifically, one or both of the parties donPt know the contract terms of condition is calledcontract problem.0: hat are the main components of the clause: 1(.1 programs?+ns:!he material should not be issued unless its final certified by two persons on behalf ofthe company in the manner provided in this clause./: hat is claim?

+ns:+ statement that something is true is called claim.3: hat is priority of contract document?1. !he #ontract ;etails.. !hese terms and conditions.&. ;ocuments incorporated EincludingF by reference in these terms and conditions.(. !he remaining appendi"es to these terms and conditions.). rioriti>ation of #ontract ;etails and +ttachments.re-contractual ;ocumentation which post-dates the tender:

1. !he #ontractorPs tender.. !he #ustomerPs re'uest for tender.&. !he #ontractorPs e"pression of interest.(. !he #ustomerPs re'uest for e"pressions of interest.15: 8s general specification mentioned in the priority of documents?+ns:o !he Specification is a techno-legal document containing full scientific details of theproject.11: hat are notice of intent and the name of department for coordination?+ns:otice of 8ntent E48F letters that are used for notify to +uthority for planning andcoordination about projects.1: hat is #M, draw a #M curve?+ns:#M is step by step techni'ue for process of planning and managing a constructionproject. 4r!he se'uence of activities for which determine the total time for the project is called #M#M provides the following benefits.

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/material.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/material.html


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rovide a graphical view of the project.

redict the time re'uired to complete the project.

Shows which activities are critical and which are not to maintaining the schedule.

Steps in #M project planning:

1-Specify EstateF the individual activities. -;etermine the se'uence of these activities.

&-;raw a network diagram.

(-6stimate the completion time of each activity.

)-8dentify the critical path.

-Hpdate the #M diagram as per project program.

0-6nter the completion time for every activity.

1&: hat is cash flow curve diagram?

+ns:+ cash flow diagram is a tool used by accountantsand engineersto represent thetransactions which will take place over the course of a given project.1(:


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works with all the various procedures and work.5: 6"plain about @olume 1 to (?+ns: @olume-1:!ender and #ontract term and condition.@olume-:article specification.@olume-&:$ill of *uantities.@olume-(:#ontract drawing.5: rite down firefighting e'uipment name and e"tinguisher and type of fire.+ns:!ype of 7ire 7ighting 6'uipment:1-$lanket, -ater, &-7oam, (-#o, )-owder!ype of 7ire:+: 4rdinary combustible.$-7lammable li'uid2asses#-6lectric e'uipment.

;-#ombustible metal.9-#ooking oil or fat.!ype of fire fighting 6"tinguisher:1-ater-#lass+, -7oam-#lass-+$, &-;#-#lass+, $, #, ;, (-#o-#lass$, #.1: hat is site safety inspection G15?+ns:1-oor


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project.3. +ttend monthly progress meeting.15. repare daily construction target program for site staff.11.7ollow up with subcontractor and supplier.1. 7ollow up with store keeper and purchasing department for material delivery.1&. ing of the tender documents andfor deciding the rate of variation works or these are used in re-measured contracts if $ill of*uantities were not prepared at the time of tender.

): hat is !ender document?+ns:1-!ender invitation letter, -!he agreement, &-!he condition of the contract, (-Specification, )-$ill of *uantities with schedule of rates, -;rawing.0-+ppendi" EadditionF or S if any issued at the time of tender.: hat is type of contract?+ns: 1- Gump sum #ontract:8n this contract complete work is carried by the contractor as perthe tendercontract document for a fi"ed amount of money to the satisfaction of theconsultants and the owner.

-%e-measured 8nterim %ate #ontract:8n this contract the contractor 'uotes his rate each ofthe items of work mentioned in the tender documents.&-!H-9ey roject EDobF:8n these types of contract the contractor provides completeproject including design and construction till handing of the keys to the owner.(-#ost plus to contract:8n this case of provisional sum similarly.0: hat are responsibilities duties as +ssistant %esident 6ngineer?+ns:%eview if inspector daily report. %eview of contractorJs joint measurement sheet and testing re'uests and subse'uent

complete report. %eview and approval contractorJs shop drawing as delegated by the resident engineer.

Monitoring the performance of the survey party.

%eview and approval of the contractorJs proposed, material and methods ass delegated

by the %esident 6ngineer. reparation of meeting minutes as delegated by the %esident 6ngineer.

#oordination with the contractor Vsupervisory personnel regarding schedule se'uence and

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method of work. Monitoring performance with the contractorJs schedule.

#ontinuous field inspection of the work in progress and consultation with both the

engineer and contractor supervisory staff.

reparation of written and oral report to the resident engineer on contractor andprocedural materials. %eview of as-built drawing in coordination with inspector and surveyor.

/: hat is Super elevation?+ns:!he outer edge of road at the hori>ontal curve is raised above the inner edge is calledsuper elevation.7ormula to calculation of super elevation:Seperelevation eA $@

g%@Aermissible speed$A$readth of the road%A%adius of the curvegA#entrifugal force3: hat is #ontour?+ns: + line drawn on a map connecting point of e'ual height is called contour survey.&5: hat is !opography?+ns:;etail of a place or region is called topography.

&1: hat is $earing #apacity?+ns: !he supporting power of soil is called its bearing capacity.&: Short term definition?Safe bearing capacityAHltimate bearing capacity7actor of safety.++S

+S!M:+merican Society for !esting and Material.#6SMM(:#ivil 6ngineering Standard method of Measurement (thedition.6!#:6mirate !elecommunication #orporation.Milling machine width:1m to .) m;M%G:;ubai Municipality %oad Gighting.*:rovisional *uantity.;ensity of material:



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+sphalt:.)%oad base:.))$lack sand:1.0/(#SASingle carriageway@olume 1:!ender and #ontract condition.@olume :article specification.@olume &:$ill of 'uantity.@olume (:!ender and contract drawing.1hat is the tender bond, performance bond?!ender bond:!o pay money of ten percent of tender price to your client for security is calledtender bond.erformance bond:+ written guaranty from a third party guarantor Eusually a bank or aninsurance companyF submitted to a principal Eclient or customerF is called performance bond.

hat is bar chart?+ns:!o create a combination chart in 6"cel to show how large each value is in the #hartsgroup is called bar chart.hat is interim payment?+ns:+ payment which one received in advance Eas part of the full amount paidF!emporary basis not e"act amount is called interim payment.hat is the ma"imum period for the contractor to ask for claim?+ns:8f the #ontractor fails to give notice of a claim within such period of / days, the

!ime for Such further particulars Was the 6ngineer may reasonably re'uire.;uration:!he estimated or actual time to complete an activity is called duration.7loat:;ifference between the time necessary and the time available for an activity is calledfloat.2antt #harta graphical method of showing a project schedule which shows project time,dates all activities, resources and their relationships is called 2antt chart.!racking:!he process of tacking progress information gathered in a control system andinserting this in to the original plan to show the actual status i.e. the compliance or deviationfrom the planned status of the project at that point in time is called !racking.Summari>e the management techni'ue aspect of the contract supervision?+ns:1. 6stablish the project plans and procedure.. 6stablish the project control system such as *uality #ontrol, Safety #ontrol, and

Monitoring!racking system.&. Selecting the project teamstaff.

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(. +llocating responsibilities to all staff.). Monitoring the control process to find out what is happening.. 6stablish site administration system Eagreed method and procedureF.0. 6stablish site technical system to resolve any technical issues./. Maintaining effective communications with senior management and other concern parties

EstakeholdersF.3. %eporting procedures and associated documentation.15. 6stablish site information system.11.Manage properly the project team by monitoring performance at all levels.1. Maintain proper system to resolve contractor topics.hat are the major categories of the productive resources of a project?+ns:1-!he site.-8nformation.&-Manpower.(-lant EMachineF.)-Material.-Sub-contractors.0-!hird parties.

;efine the #ivil 6ngineering procedure and its phases.+ns:8t describe the roles of 6mployer ,6ngineer and #ontractor and the activities covered byeach of them in any civil construction project.8t involves three phases:1-reliminary phase E8nvestigation and complete the design reportF.-Middle phase E#ontract managementF,it include tendering award stage,re-constructionstage and construction stage.&-7ina hase EHseF, takes over, operate and maintain the work.

;efine planning and control?+ns: lanning mean: ;eciding what you want to achieve and how you propose to achieve .8tobviously includes the selection of methods and se'uence.#ontrolling mean: #omparing what is with what out to be.;efine method of programming?+ns:#lassified broadly as follows:+. Simple programming involves S curve line of balance and $ar charts.$-;etailed programming Eetwork +nalysisF involves.!he critical path method known as #M!he programming evaluation and review techni'ue known as pert.hat are mean are critical activities?+ns: +ctivities without float time to which specific attention in monitoring must be given.


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1-%egularly monitoring the #ontractors progress against programmed and illustrating bymeans of relevant chart or similar.-+rranging progress meeting with the #ontractor. +ll significant matters discussed at anymeetings should be confirmed to the #ontractor in writing.&-#ompiling a monthly progress report recording physical progress, performance andfinancial detail.(-Submitting reports of financial and contractual progress.)-6nsuring progress photographs are taken and +s-built drawing is kept up to date.hat is mean by *uality #ontrol described briefly?+ns:!o checkmonitor the work 'uality to confirm to:1-+s per approved method statement.-+s per approved specification.&-+s per approved drawings.

6"plain the type of insurance?+ns: 1-8nsurance of the works.-!hird party Giability 8nsurance.&-orkmen, s #ompensation 8nsurance.hat are the design controls and criteria for


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; range from )) to /) percent.;efine the composition of traffic?+ns:8s usually e"pressed as the percentage of trucks during the design hour.;efine the design speed @ for a vehicle?+ns:!he ma"imum safe speed that can be maintained over a specified section of highway

when condition is so favorable.;efine the type of highway?+ns:1-7reeway, -6"pressway,&-+rterior EtrunkF,(-#ollector,)-Gocal.;efine the +lignment of highway?+ns:8t is the final design of the highway its include:1-!he vertical alignment Egrade line or profileF.-!he hori>ontal alignment E#urvatureF.!he final alignment will be that in which the best balance between grade and curvature is

achieved.!he road profile consists of uniform straight lines EgradientsF connected by vertical parabolicor circular curves. 8t is known as the gradient .8n rock cut and flat swampy areas it isnecessary to maintain higher grade.hat are elements affect the choice of the road profile EalignmentF?+ns:1-#ost of earthwork Ebalance between cut and fillF.-!he general terrain of the area E!opographyF.&-7uture possible construction and presence of grade separation and bridge structures.

(-Matching with the e"isting condition.)-!he effect of grades on the operating cost of the motor vehicle.-!raffic volume and type.0-;esign peed./-;rainage condition.8n rolling areas grade and curvature must be considered carefully.

;efine the degree of the curve?+ns: 8t is the central angle sub tendered by an arc of 155 ft.hat are the vertical curve elements?+ns: +t all change in gradient, vertical curve should be provided.#Aoint of curve Ebeginning of curveF..!Aoint of tangent Eend of curveF..8Aoint of 8ntersection of tangent.%AGength of radius of curve.

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GAGength of curve.;A;egree of curve.4ffset for vertical curve O E#omputed from formulasF.!here are two types of vertical curves+-Summit or #rest #urve.$-Sag or @alley #urve.hat are the arrangements for merging and diverging traffic?+ns:a-+cceleration lanes for merging EenteringF traffic.b-;eceleration lanes for diverging EleavingF traffic.hat are the traffic management techni'ues EmeasuresF to improve the efficiency of thee"isting roads?+. 7or the roads between the junctions:1. arking restriction.

. Speed limit readjustment.&. !o keep one way traffic flows instead of two-way.(. #losing of side streets to improve the journey time on the main road and is likely to

reduce overall number of accidents.). $us stop and or lay-bye to be properly sited.. %estriction of heavy vehicles on certain times.0. Street lighting./. !idal flow i.e. a great number of lanes is allocated to the direction of greater flow in peak

hours.$.+t Dunctions:#hanneli>ing island and kerb realignment to improve road capacity and safety.8mprove visibility.Staggered junction.Geft turn ban.%oundabout and or traffic signal to regulate the traffic flow to be more safe and organi>ed.#.edestrian facilities must be provided for the safety of pedestrian.;.+rea traffic control system should be provides to properly coordinate traffic signal over onarea by mean of central controller usually a computer.6.#onstruction of ade'uate parking area for vehicles by fi"ing appropriate time limits andcharges for parked vehicle.7.+rrangement for public transport special bus routes or lanes may be re'uired.2.!raffic signing and road marking rearrangement to suit the up-to-date traffic re'uirement.


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+ns: 8n order to achieve this change, the normal road cross section will have to be tilted tothe super elevated cross-section as follows: !he -section to rotate about the centerline a"is to lower the inside edge and raise the

outside edge of the pavement without changing the centerline grade. !he -section to rotate bout the inner edge so that the inner edge retains its normal grade

but the centerline grade is varied. !he -section to rotate about the outside edge.

!he first option is the most appropriate.hat are the job purpose, general duties, responsibilities and +uthority of %6?+ns: Dob urpose:!o act as the 6ngineers %epresentative on site and to control the day today supervision of the contract.2eneral ;uties %esponsibilities:1-%esponsible for the construction of the work on the site and to control the day to daysupervision on the contract.-6nsure that 'uality of materials and workmanship complies with the specification anddrawing through proper supervision of the work.&-%esponsible for administering the contract e'uitably.(-6stablished effective communication with the #lient, #ontractor, roject Manager, serviceauthority etc.)-%esponsible for proper staff management.-Monitoring progress of the works against the approved programmed.

0-reparation of various reports re'uired by the engineer and #lient.+uthority:#ertain duties and powers of the 6ngineer as defined in the contract will be delegate to the%6 .


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hat is difference between +sphalt $inding course and $ase course?hat is different between 7ormation material and Subkha material?hat is road marking thickness?


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@ibrator roller up to & ton perhourA1&)

!andem roller up to 15 ton perhourA1)5

%! over 15 ton perhourA10)

2enerator up to 559 perhourA)5

Milling machine perhourA1)55 Mechanical road broom brush perhourA0)

2-5rouction of wor /ac8inery:;escription of work Machinery *uantity roductionday1-6"cavation to cut ;o>er 1 )55 M cube-Goading of #ut material Shovel 1 11) !ruck&-Geveling of dumping material ;o>er 1 1&)5 M cube(-Shifting of e"cavated material !ruck 1 ) !rip

)-7ormation embankment filling 2rader 1 /)5 M cube, 555M s'uare-7ormation preparation 2rader 1 &555 M s'uire0-%oad base preparation 2rade 1 1)55 M s'/-ater sprinkling ater tanker 1 /)5m cube or / trips3-7ormation compaction %oller 1 )555m s'15-%oad $ase compaction %oller 1 1)55 m s'11-%oad $ase compaction !% 1 1)55 M s'1-Gay %oad $ase 1)5 thickness aver 1 )555 m s'555 !on#ompaction STR 1 )555 m s'555 !on

#ompaction !% 1 )55 m s'1555 !onShifting road base !ruck 1 15 !ripGoading road base Shovel/Loader 1 )5 !ruck1&-+pply rime #oat $itumen !anker 1 15,555 m s'1(-ater sprinkler ater !anker 1 0 trip&555 M cube1)-+sphalt $ase #ourse 5 mm aver 1 15,555 m s'1)&5 !on#ompaction S!% 1 15,555 m s'1)&5 !on#ompaction !% 1 )555m s'0) !on

;escription of work Machinery *uantity roductiondaySurface #leaning #ompressor 1 15,555 m s'


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1)-!ack coat $itumen !anker 1 15,555 m s'1-+sphalt earing #ourse )5 mm aver 1 3,555 m s'155!on#ompaction S!% 1 3,555 m s'155!on#ompaction !% 1 ()55 m s'55!onSurface #leaning #ompressor 1 3,555 m s'


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D#$ 11-$ackfill 11 kvG@ line #harge hand 1 155 M Gabour ( D#$ 12+-9ajor issues for e*ay project:1. Gate issue confirmation of the road profile.. Gate issue of S; design and several revision of the approval shop drawing.&. Gate confirmation the S; diversion.(. !he e"isting 0)mm dia +# water line is very old and shallow for which we canJt precede

the road work before diverting this line.). Gate confirmation instruction to proceed with lowering the e"isting


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2-uantity of rate ana*ysis for reinforce/ent concrete:Steps of rate analysis:1-6stimation of Gabour, Material, 6'uipment, Miscellaneous item forparticular 'uantity of reinforced concrete.-!o determine the components of structures for which the %## rate analysis is re'uired ,asthe 'uantity of reinforcement steel varies with slab,beams,column,foundatuion,%## road etc.!he 'uantity of material like sand, cement and coarse aggregate vary with mi" design suchas M1) E1::(F, M5 E1:1.):&F etc.


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'uantity of concrete. 7ollowing are the various labour re'uired.-C+s per standard schedule of rates and analysis of rate, one mason is re'uired for .&0days.bF Gabour:one unskilled labour re'uired for &.) days.cF ater carrier:one water carrier re'uired for 1.&3 days.dF $ar bender:$ar bender re'uired for depend on weight of reinforcement. Get consider onebar bender re'uired for 155kg of steel as for 1 day.eF Mi"er operator:4ne mi"er operator re'uired for 5.501( days.fF @ibrator operator:4ne vibrator operator re'uired for 5.501( days.&. 6'uipments and sundries.6'uipment and other charges, such as water chargers, miscellaneous items, tools andtackles etc can be assumed as some percentage of total cost of material labours.Gets say itas 0.)=.

#ontractor profit:#ontractor profit depends on place to place, organi>ation to organi>ation and work to work. 8tvaries from 15 to 5 =.Gets say it as 1)= of total cost of material, labour and e'uipments.e have calculated the 'uantity of every item in above 1-& steps. 7or rate analysis of %##,

we need to multiply each 'uantity with their rates to get the amount for every item of work.%ate varies from place to place and time to time. 8t is advisable assume local rate orstandard rates of the place.!he sum total of all the four items above will give the rate or cost for 1M& of concrete.

3.-'eyboar s8ortcut for/u*as:9eyboard Shortcuts EMicrosoft indowsF:1. #!%GC# E#opyF, . #!%GC E#utF,&. #!%GC@ EasteF, (. #!%GCN EHndoF ). ;6G6!6E;eleteF.. S


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arrow keys ESelect more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select te"t in adocumentF.1). #!%GC+ ESelect allF.1. 7& key ESearch for a file or a folderF.10. +G!C6!6% E@iew the properties for the selected itemF.1/. +G!C7( E#lose the active item, or 'uit the active programF.13. +G!C6!6% E;isplay the properties of the selected objectF.5. +G!CS+#6$+% E4pen the shortcut menu for the active window.1. #!%GC7( E#lose the active document in programs that enable you to have multipledocuments open simultaneouslyF.. +G!C!+$ ESwitch between the open items.&. +G!C6S# E#ycle through items in the order that they had been opened.(. 7 key E#ycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop.

). 7( key E;isplay the +ddress bar list in My #omputer or indows 6"plorer.. S



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0. S+#6$+% ESelect or clear the check bo" if the active option is a check bo"F./. +rrow keys ESelect a button if the active option is a group of option buttonsF.3. 71 key E;isplay e all of the windowsF). indows GogoCSed windowsF. indows GogoC6 E4pen My #omputerF

0. indows GogoC7 ESearch for a file or a folderF/. #!%GCindows GogoC7 ESearch for computersF3. indows GogoC71 E;isplay indows


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(. #!%GC715 EMa"imi>e the active console windowF.). #!%GC7) E%estore the active console windowF.. +G!C6!6% E;isplay the roperties dialog bo", if any, for the selected itemF.0. 7 key E%ename the selected itemF./. #!%GC7( E#lose the active console window. hen a console has only one console

window, this shortcut closes the consoleF.%emote ;esktop #onnection avigation:1. #!%GC+G!C6; E4pen the Microsoft indows ! Security dialog bo"F.. +G!C+26 H ESwitch between programs from left to rightF.&. +G!C+26 ;4 ESwitch between programs from right to leftF.(. +G!C8S6%! E#ycle through the programs in most recently used orderF.). +G!C

notes for road and infrastructure.doc-6

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