Chapter 3: Matter—Properties and Changes

Chapter 3: Matter—Properties and Changes

CHEMISTRY

Matter and Change

Section 3.1 Properties of Matter

Section 3.2 Changes in Matter

Section 3.3 Mixtures of Matter

Section 3.4 Elements and Compounds

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CHAPTER

3 Table Of Contents

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• Identify the characteristics of a substance.

density: a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume

• Distinguish between physical and chemical properties.

• Differentiate among the physical states of matter.

SECTION

3.1 Properties of Matter

states of matter

solid

liquid

gas

vapor

Most common substances exist as solids, liquids, and gases, which have diverse physical and chemical properties.

physical property

extensive property

intensive property

chemical property

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3.1 Properties of Matter

• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

• Matter is everything around us.

• Matter with a uniform and unchanging composition is a substance.

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3.1 Properties of Matter

Substances

• The physical forms of matter, either solid, liquid, or gas, are called the states of matter.

• Solids are a form of matter that have their own definite shape and volume.

• Liquids are a form of matter that have a definite volume but take the shape of the container.

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3.1 Properties of Matter

States of Matter

• Gases have no definite shape or volume. They expand to fill their container.

• Vapor refers to the gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or liquid at room temperature.

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3.1 Properties of Matter

States of Matter (cont.)

• A physical property is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition.

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3.1 Properties of Matter

Physical Properties of Matter

• Extensive properties, such as mass, length, and volume, are dependent on the amount of substance present.

• Intensive properties, such as density, are dependent on the what the substance is not how much there is.

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3.1 Properties of Matter

Physical Properties of Matter (cont.)

• The ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances is called a chemical property.– Iron forming rust

– Copper turning green in the air

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3.1 Properties of Matter

Chemical Properties of Matter

• A substance can change form–an important concept in chemistry.

• Both physical and chemical properties can change with specific environmental conditions, such as temperature and pressure.

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3.1 Properties of Matter

Observing Properties of Matter

Density is what kind of property?

A. atomic

B. intensive

C. extensive

D. dependent

Section CheckSECTION

3.1