note card #1 front back 1607 jamestown, first english colony
TRANSCRIPT
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Note Card #1 Front Back
1607Jamestown,
first English colony
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Note Card #2Front Back
New England Colonies
Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island,
New Hampshire
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Note Card #3Front Back
New England: Economy
Fish, relied on trade rather than farming because of
cool temperatures, short farming
season
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New England: Politics
Mayflower Compact (doc) – 1620
Pilgrims, self-governing, and
majority ruleFundamental
Orders of Connecticut-1st written
Constitution in the colonies
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New England:Social
People seeking religious
freedom, Pilgrims – Separate from
Church of England, Puritans – Purify Church
of England
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Middle
Colonies
New York
Pennsylvania
Delaware
New Jersey
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Middle Colonies:
Economic
Trade, and mainly wheat
farming
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Middle Colonies:
Political
Elected Assemblies / Legislatures
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Middle Colonies:
Social
Very diverse groups of
people Religious freedom,
Quakers
(pacifists, no-war)
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Southern
Colonies
Georgia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Virginia
Maryland
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Southern
Colonies
Jamestown, VA – swampy location,
caused many colonists to die
because of disease,
1st English colony
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Southern Colonies:
Economic
Plantation system, growth of slave trade,
spread slavery, profit on tobacco
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Southern Colonies:
Political
Virginia House of Burgesses – 1st representative government/ legislature in the colonies
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Southern Colonies:
Social
Wealthy Plantation
owners, large slave
population-
Primary goal – money making
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Colonial
Borders
Atlantic Ocean borders colonies to
the east
Appalachian Mountains border
colonies to the west
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Mercantilism
• Colonies provide Great Britain with
raw materials, Great Britain would
manufacture the products to ship
back to the colonies for sale
• Colonies could only trade with the
British
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Magna Carta
(1215)
Trial by jury
Limited the power of the
king
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English Bill of Rights
Individuals have rights
protected by the
government
(Rule of Law)
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Note Card #19 Front Back
French and Indian War
(1763)
British & Colonists versus French &
Indians, British won the war – gained all land East of Miss. River and started
controlling the colonies
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Economic Policies
following French & Indian
War
Cost British money & government went
into debt.
The British wanted the Americans to pay
for the war through taxes.
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Proclamation of 1763
Colonists could not move west of the
Appalachian Mountains
(Territory Reserved for Native Americans)
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Sugar Act of 1764
Taxes on food containing sugar
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Boston Massacre of
1770
5 colonists shot to death after making
fun of British soldiers
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Samuel AdamsFounder of the Sons of Liberty, organized
the Boston Tea Party
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Benjamin Franklin
Developed Join or Die political cartoon to unite the colonies under the Albany Plan, negotiated
with French during American
Revolution
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Albany Plan of Union
Each colony would send a
representative to a Grand Council; First attempt to unite the colonies under one
government
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King George IIIKing of England before, during, and
after American Revolution,
oppressed the colonies
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Thomas Jefferson
Wrote Declaration of Independence in
1776
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Patrick Henry“Give me liberty or
give me death” influential speech to
rally American colonists to the
cause of independence from
Britain
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Thomas Paine
Wrote the pamphlet Common Sense (doc),
ordinary people understood writing,
promoted independence
movement from Great Britain, attacked King George III, freedom of
the press united colonists
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George Washington
Commander-in-Chief for the Continental Army
during American Revolution, President of
2nd Continental Congress, 1st President
of the United States
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Articles of the Confederation
Created to center governmental power
in the STATES rather than the
FEDERAL government
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Northwest Ordinance 1787
Established principles and procedures for
orderly expansion of the U.S., creation of
new states, new states equally treated
compared to original states (representation), strength of the Articles
of the Confederation
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Lexington and Concord (1775)
First battles of the American
Revolution, “shot heard around the
world”
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Battle of Saratoga
* French enter the American Revolution on the side of the colonists* Benjamin Franklin convinces French to
become America’s ally*Turning Point!
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Battle of
Yorktown
Last major battle with British in American
Revolution, Americans won with
aid of French army/navy
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Treaty of Paris
1783
* Ended the American Revolution
* British recognized U.S. independence
* U.S. western border is now the
Mississippi River
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Philadelphia Convention of 1787
Came together to rewrite the Articles
of Confederation but wrote the
Constitution instead.
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Note Card # 39Front Back
Virginia Plan
Large states would receive
more representatives
than small states – based on pop.
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New Jersey Plan
Small states would receive same reps as large states – based on two reps per state
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Great Compromise
Bicameral ( two house)
legislature, combined VA and NJ Plan, Senate based on 2 per state, House of Rep. based on pop.
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Note Card #42 Front Back
Federalist
They wanted the Constitution to be
ratified (approved). They wanted the
country and states to share power.
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Anti-Federalists
Did not support ratification of U.S.
Constitution, if Bill of Rights not
included, emphasized state power rather than
federal power
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Federalist Papers(doc.)
Supported ratification of U.S.
Constitution, authors-
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John
Jay
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Alexander Hamilton
Believed in free enterprise system – market (consumers)
decide prices, proposed national bank to regulate
currency (money)
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1787
Second Continental Congress writes
the U.S. Constitution
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U.S. Constitution Three Branches of Government and established the
basic laws for the U.S.
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1st Branch:
Legislative
Congress, Bicameral (2
houses- House of Representatives
& Senate), makes laws
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(Legislative)
Senate
Each state elects 2 Senators,
total = 100
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(Legislative)
House of Representatives
Reps decided by population of
state, large states receive more reps than small states,
Total = 435
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2nd Branch:
Judicial (Judiciary)
Supreme Court,
Interprets laws
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3rd Branch:
Executive
President,
Vice President
Enforces laws
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3/5 Compromise
Slaves counted as 3/5 of a person
for representative purpose –
compromise between the
North and South
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Note Card #54 Front Back
Limited Government
Government does not have total
control over its citizens; It only has the power that is listed in
the Constitution
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Republicanism Election of representatives
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Note Card #56 Front Back
Checksand
Balances
Each branch of government has the power to check the other branches; ex. President (executive branch) nominates
Supreme Court Justices and the Senate
(legislative branch) confirms nomination
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Federalism(Shared Power)
Power of the government is
shared between the states and the
national government.
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Note Card #58 Front Back
Separation
of
Powers
Each of the 3 branches of
government have different
responsibilities
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Note Card #59 Front Back
Popular Sovereignty
People hold final authority over the
government
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Individual
Rights
Job of the government to
protect rights of citizens
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Unalienable
Rights
LIFE, LIBERTY, & PURSUIT OF
HAPPINESS – cannot be taken
away by the government
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Amending (adding to) the
Constitution
Proposed by Congress with 2/3
vote in both Senate & House of
Representatives or ratified by
legislatures of ¾ of the states
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Bill of Rights
1st 10 amendments to the
Constitution; formal list of
citizens’ rights and freedoms
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Note Card #64 Front Back
Bill of Rights
1st Amendment
Freedom of religion, press,
petition, and speech and assembly
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Bill of Rights
2nd Amendment
Right to bear arms
(right to own a gun)
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Bill of Rights
3rd Amendment
No quartering (housing) of
troops
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Bill of Rights
4th Amendment
No illegal search and seizure, must
obtain warrant
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Bill of Rights5th Amendment
Due process of law – indictment (officially charged w/crime), no
double jeopardy (cannot be charged for the same crime twice)
cannot be forced to testify when testimony incriminates self (no telling on yourself if it
gets you in trouble)
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Bill of Rights
6th Amendment
Trial by jury - criminal
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Note Card #70 Front Back
Bill of Rights
7th Amendment
Trial by jury - civil ( involving money rather than jail)
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Bill of Rights
8th Amendment
No cruel and unusual
punishment; no excessive bail
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Note Card #72 Front Back
Bill of Rights
9th Amendment
People have other rights not listed
in the Constitution
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Note Card #73 Front Back
Bill of Rights
10th Amendment
States have rights not listed in the
Constitution
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Note Card #74 Front Back
Early Republic Washington through Monroe
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Federalists
vs.
Democratic-Republicans
Federal government
power
vs.
State government power
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Note Card #76 Front Back
Washington’s Farewell Address
Foreign alliances and political parties are a
threat and should be avoided
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LouisianaPurchase (1803)(1803)
Doubled the size of the U.S., access to Mississippi
River (New Orleans-port city), increase in trade
& communications
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Marbury
vs.
Madison
(1803)
Established judicial judicial reviewreview, Supreme Court can decide
if law is constitutional or not, checks and
balances
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War of 1812
(Causes)
• Great Britain vs. U.S.;
• British impressments
(kidnapping) U.S. sailors;
• British guns still in Ohio River Valley
• Another war for independence
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War of 1812(Effects)
• War was a draw until Battle of New
Orleans – Gen. Andrew Jackson
defeated British – • created a sense of
nationalism; • British removed guns from U.S. soil
and stopped kidnapping sailors
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Monroe Doctrine
1823
• Pres. James Monroe implemented policy,
* U.S. would not allow new European Colonization of the
Western hemisphere• First time a
president’s foreign policy involved warning other
countries
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Industrialization
• Led to an increased dependence on
slavery in the South• & an increase of
production in the North
• Caused Sectionalism to
increase
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Inventions Led to efficient production
(faster/cheaper way to produce products)
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Eli Whitney
* Invented cotton gin, & interchangeable
parts; cotton became main crop
of South
* Caused the demand for slavery to rise
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Interchangeable Parts
Increase in efficiency for replacing
machine parts
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McCormick ReaperIncrease agricultural
(farming) production
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Robert Fulton
Steamboat, used w/canal and river
trade
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Samuel Morse
Increase in communication with
the telegraph
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Lowell Mills
Mostly single women worked in first
factories, lived and worked on site of factory, usually
textile mills (clothing)
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Factories in mid-1800’s
Employed mostly immigrants (Irish) rather than single
women