northridge california earthquake january 17, 2014
TRANSCRIPT
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TOWARDS A NEW NORTHRIDGE
AFTER THE JANUARY 17, 1994
EARTHQUAKE
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NORTHRIDGE, CALIFORNIA
EARTHQUAKE
4:31 AM ON JANUARY 17, 1994
M 6.8
57 DEATHS
$50 BILLION LOSS
FRAGILE INFRASTRUCTURE EXPOSED
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KOBE, JAPAN EARTHQUAKE
5:46 AM ON JANUARY 17, 1995
M 6.9
6,000 DEATHS
$200 BILLION LOSS
FRAGILE INFRASTRUCTURE EXPOSED
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NOTE: Working cooperatively with
Japan one year later after the Kobe,
Japan earthquake occurred helped
accelerate the recovery and
reconstruction process in Northridge
and promote preparedness planning
in So. California
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NORTHRIDGE IS IN THE LOS
ANGELES BASIN
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THE JANUARY 17th EARTHQUAKE
WAS NOT THE “BIG ONE”
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NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE
• THE EARTHQUAKE
OCCURRED ON A
“BLIND” THRUST
FAULT THAT DID
NOT BREAK THE
SURFACE
• ALMOST A “BULLS
EYE” URBAN
EARTHQUAKE
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FAULT SYSTEM:
NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE
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BLIND THRUST FAULTS:
A blind thrust fault is assoc-
iated with anticlinal folding
and does NOT always show
clear signs of its subsurface
existence on the Earth's
surface
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NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE
• 57 DEATHS
• 9,000 INJURIES
• OVER $50
BILLION
DAMAGE
• TRANSPORT-
ATION SYSTEMS
FAILED
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NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE
• THE BUILDING
STOCK AND
INFRASTRUCTURE
OF A LARGE
URBAN AREA
FAILED WHEN
SUBJECTED TO
VERY STRONG
GROUND SHAKING
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NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE
• UTILITY
SERVICES
DISRUPTED
• EXPLOSION
AND FIRE
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NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE
• UTILITY
CORRIDORS
DISRUPTED AND
DAMAGED BY
LIQUEFACTION
•
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NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE
• PARKING
FACILITY
COLLAPSED
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COMMERCIAL BUILDING COLLAPSE
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COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
• FLAWS FOUND IN
THE WELDED
CONNECTIONS
OF 400 STEEL
MOMENT-
RESISTING
FRAME
BUILDINGS
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THE GOVERNOR OF CALIFORNIA
PROVIDED LEADERSHIP FOR
URGENT POLITICAL ACTIONS
AND TECHNICAL ACTIONS OF
THE GOVERNOR’S SEISMIC
SAFETY COMMISSION (CSSC)
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FACT: THE COMMON AGENDA FOR THE
ACTIONS WAS BASED ON CALIFORNIA’S
STAPLE FACTORS IN 1994
TECHNICAL
SOLUTIONS
POLITICAL
SOLUTIONS
STAPLE
FACTORS
P
T
S
O
CA
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THE STAPLE FACTORS VARY WITH
• TIME
• PLACE
• CIRCUMSTANCES
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SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO
GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
• SSC’S REPORT:
“TURNING LOSS
TO GAIN”
• RECOMMENDATION
• ACCELERATE THE
HAZARD MAPPING
PROGRAM
• USE GEOLOGIC
INFORMATION AND
MAPS FOR DISASTER
RISK REDUCTION
MEASURES
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SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO
GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
• SSC’S REPORT:
“TURNING LOSS
TO GAIN”
• RECOMMENDATION
• CONTINUE SUPPORT
OF STATE’S STROMG
MOTION PROGRAM
• INCREASE
INSTRUMENTATION IN
MAJOR URBAN
AREAS
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SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO
GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
• SSC’S REPORT:
“TURNING LOSS
TO GAIN”
• RECOMMENDATION
• ACCELERATE THE
IDENTIFICATION AND
MAPPING OF AREAS
WHERE ACTIVE
“BLIND” THRUST
FAUTS EXIST
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CALIFORNIA’S FAULTS
(SOURCE: CDMG)
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SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO
GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
• SSC’S REPORT:
“TURNING LOSS
TO GAIN”
• RECOMMENDATION
• INCORPORATE
KNOWLEDGE OF
EFFECTS OF POOR
SOIL CONDITIONS
INTO BUILDING
CODES AND LIFELINE
STANDARDS
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SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO
GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
• SSC’S REPORT:
“TURNING LOSS
TO GAIN”
• RECOMMENDATION
• INCORPORATE
KNOWLEDGE OF
LOCATIONS OF
PERMANENT GROUND
DEFORMATION INTO
HAZARD ZONE MAPS
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SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO
GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
• SSC’S REPORT:
“TURNING LOSS
TO GAIN”
• RECOMMENDATION
• ACCELERATE
ACTIVITIES TO MAKE
ALL EXISTING
BUILDING STOCK
SAFER (i.e., FROM
DWELLINGS TO
SCHOOLS/HOSPITALS
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SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO
GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
• SSC’S REPORT:
“TURNING LOSS
TO GAIN”
• RECOMMENDATION
• ACCELERATE
EDUCATION AND
INTERACTION WITH
BUILDING OWNERS,
DESIGNERS, AND
CONTRACTORS TO
IMPROVE SEISMIC
SAFETY
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SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO
GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
• SSC’S REPORT:
“TURNING LOSS
TO GAIN”
• RECOMMENDATION
• ACCELERATE
ACTIVITIES TO MAKE
EXISTING HIGHWAY
SYSTEMS AND
UTILITIES SAFER
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SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO
GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
• SSC’S REPORT:
“TURNING LOSS
TO GAIN”
• RECOMMENDATION
• DETERMINE HOW
BEST TO REPAIR
STEEL MOMENT-
RESISTING FRAME
CONNECTIONS
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State of California (1995), Turning
Loss to Gain, Report of the
Calirornia Seismic Safety
Commission to Governor Pete
Wilson’s on the Northridge
Earthquake
SSC Report 95-01, Sacramento, California,
160 p.
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TEN YEARS LATER
A New Northridge
TWENTY-ONE YEARS LATER
Using Scenario Earthquakes to
Advance Earthquake Disaster
Resilience in Southern CA
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GOAL
INTEGRATING ALL ACCUMULATED KNOWLEDGE INTO A COHERENT
RISK MODEL TO ADVANCE PREPAREDNESS AND EARTHQUAKE
DISASTER RESILIENCE
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Public Safety and Security
Response (ESF 13)
Evacuee Case Management
(ESFs 6 & 8)
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Economic and Community
Recovery (ESF 15)
Fire Protection (ESF 4)
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Critical Resource Logistics and
Distribution (ESF 7)
Restoration of Lifelines (ESFs 3
& 12)
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Hazardous Materials (ESF 10)
Evacuee Case Mgmt / Family
Reunification ) (ESF 6 & 8)
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EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE
RECOVERY/RE-
CONSTRCTION
ALL ELEMENTS ARE
INTERRELATED
PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION
PREVENTION
EARLY
WARNING
EM.
RESPONSE
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SIMULATING WHAT SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA IS LIKELY TO
EXPERIENCE IN THE FUTURE
Source: US Geological Survey
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SCENARIO IS BASED ON
KNOWLEDGE GAINED THROUGH
MONITORING, RESEARCH, AND
POSTEARTHQUAKE STUDIES
THROUHOUT THE WORLD
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HAZARDS
ELEMENTS OF A SCENARIO
EXPOSURE
VULNERABILITY LOCATION
RISK
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EARTHQUAKE
HAZARD MODEL
SEISMICITY TECTONIC
SETTING &
FAULTS
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• Southern California is prone to earthquakes because of its location near the boundary between two major tectonic plates.
• Much, but not all, of the stress release happens on the San Andreas
fault.
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The Location of “The Big One,”
which occurred on the San
Andreas fault in 1857 and
moderate-to-large earthquakes that
occurred on “blind” thrust faults
(e.g., Northridge)
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SAN ANDREAS
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• BE READY: The magnitude 7.8 ShakeOut earthquake will likely cause about 1800 deaths and $213 billion ineconomic losses.
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The goal of the ShakeOut Scenario is to
identify the physical, social and
economic consequences of a major
earthquake in southern California , and
in so doing, enable end users to identify
what they can change now—before the
earthquake—to avoid catastrophic
impact after the inevitable “big one”
recurs.
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