north america: the human landscape
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North America: The Human Landscape. Current News and Weather Finish Slides Environmental Issues Population and Settlement Cultural Coherence and Diversity Economic and Social Development For Next Class: Unnatural Causes Background. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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North America: The Human Landscape
Current News and Weather Finish North America Slides Environmental Issues Population and Settlement Cultural Coherence and Diversity Economic and Social Development For Next Class: Watch Unnatural Causes
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http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xc4ixx_weatherman-freaking-out-over-dc-sno_shortfilms
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Human Modification: Environmental Issues
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U.S. Energy Consumption
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• Uneven pattern of distribution
• Megalopolis• Census data
Modern Spatial and Demographic Patterns
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Population and Settlement
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Urban Skylines
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• European settlement expansion– 1st Stage
(1600–1750)– 2nd Stage
(1750–1850)– 3rd Stage
(1850–1910)
Population: Historic Patterns
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10
•E
uropean Settlem
ent E
xpansion–
1st Stage (1600–1750)
–2nd S
tage (1750–1850)–
3rd Stage (1850–1910)
Figure 3.13
Population: Historic Patterns
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•W
estward M
igration•
African-A
merican M
igration from
the South
•R
ural-to-Urban M
igration•
Migration to the S
unbelt S
outh•
Nonm
etropolitan Grow
th
Figure 3.14
North Americans on the Move
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Amenity Migration
• What is amenity migration and what are the push and pull factors?
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• Amenity Migration: Process of people moving to areas due to actual or perceived higher environmental quality
• Push Factors: Urban environments (traffic, density, stress, pollution, limited recreation, etc.)
• Pull Factors: Recreational opportunities (skiing, biking, kayaking), open space, rural lifestyle, public land, etc.
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•A
merican C
ity Grow
th–
Changing Transportation
Technologies
–U
rban Decentralization
Figure 3.16
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Historical Evolution of the City
• Stage I – Walking-Horsecar Era– Pedestrian city characterized by
compactness• Stage II – Electric Streetcar Era
– Streetcar suburbs developed as the 30-minute travel radius expanded greatly
– Helped to differentiate space in older core city
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Figure 3.16
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• Stage III – Recreational Automobile Era– Automobiles and highways significantly
improved the accessibility of the outer metropolitan ring
– Mass wave of suburbanization resulted– Residential space became even more
partitioned by class and race• Stage IV – Freeway Era
– High speed expressways further extended the 30-minute travel radius
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Suburbanization
• A significant product of this Freeway Era has been suburbanization and the associated suburban sprawl that characterizes many landscapes across the country.
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Gentrification
• Displacement of lower income residents of central-city neighborhoods with higher income residents
• Rehabilitation of deteriorated inner-city landscapes• Construction of new shopping complexes and/or
entertainment complexes
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25•
Gentri
fication
•N
ew
Urbani
sm
Figure 3.18
Pittsburgh’s SouthSide Works neighborhood is evidence of an urban renaissance on the site of an old steel plant
Settlement Geographies: Urban
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•U
rban P
eriphery
Figure 3.19
Suburban development in Douglas County, CO, miles south of Denver’s Central Business District
Settlement Geographies: Suburban
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27•
Repeating geom
etric patterns are a hallm
ark of rural N
orth A
merican landscapes
–Tow
nship and Range
“stamp” in Iow
a
Figure 3.20
Settlement Geographies: Rural
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28 Figure 3.21
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• Globally dominant and diverse culture
• Close ties to Anglo roots
• Ethnic groups• Cultural
assimilation
Cultural Coherence and Diversity
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Dominant geographies
U.S. Hispanic and Asian Populations
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31
Geopolitical Issues
Figure 3.31
Challenges to Federalism:– Quebec
Secession
– Native Land Claims
Politics of Immigration