North Africa and Southwest Asia

Current News Population and Settlement Cultural Coherence and Diversity Geography of Fossil Fuels Arab-Israeli Conflict

For Next Class: Read Chapter 8 (pp. 350-362)

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2

Population and Settlement

• Water availability impacts distribution patterns

Figure 7.15

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3

Demographic Diversity

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4

Settlement Patterns – Rural

• Fertile Crescent

• Pastoral Nomadism

• Oasis Settlements

• Exotic Rivers

Figure 7.18Oasis agriculture, Morocco

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5

Agricultural Landscapes

Figure 7.20

Figure 7.19

Nile River Valley

Terraced fields and pasture,Northern Yemen

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6

Migration and Population Patterns

Figure 7.25

Labor camp, UAE

Figure 7.26

“Youth bulge,” Iran

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7

Cultural Coherence and Diversity

• Monotheistic Religions– Judaism– Christianity– Islam

Figure 7.29

Abrahamic Religions

What are the commonalities among Judaism, Islam, and Christianity?

What are the sources of theological tension?

Islam One of the great religions of the world 613-622 AD – Prophet Muhammad began to receive

revelations from Allah (God) in the city of Mecca (Makkah) Islamic creed parallels the Judeo-Christian tradition

• Abraham, Moses, and Jesus are true prophets in Islam Five Basic Pillars:

• 1. repeated expressions of the basic creed• 2. daily prayer• 3. a month (Ramadan) of daytime fasting• 4. giving of alms• 5. at least one religious pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mecca

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10

Diffusion of Islam

Figure 7.27

Figure 7.28

Makkah

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Linguistic Diversity

Reveals ethnic complexities

Figure 7.31

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Geopolitical Framework

Figure 7.33

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13

Multicultural Iraq

Figure 7.39

• Colonial influence• Varied ethnic identities

and political aspirations• Instability• American presence• Sunnis vs. Shiites

Geography of Fossil Fuels

Historical Evolution of Israel

Challenge of the West Bank

Figure 7.36

Controversial development

Figure 7.37

Challenge of the West Bank (cont’d)

Figure 7.38 (b)

Israeli Security Barrier

Figure 7.38 (a)

Palestinian Perspective: Israeli Occupation

“The roots of the conflict go back to the birth of Israel in 1948, but the major Palestinian grievances arise from the 1967 war when Israel occupied the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.” (The Guardian, London)

Israeli Perspective:Palestinian Terrorist Attacks,

Growth of Hamas, and Iranian Threat