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Normal Hemogram of Yak (Bosgrunniens)S. K. Barari a , D. Biswas a & R. N. Pal aa National Research Centre on Yak (ICAR), Dirang,790 101, West Kameng, Arunachal Pradesh, India

Version of record first published: 11 Nov 2011.

To cite this article: S. K. Barari, D. Biswas & R. N. Pal (1995): Normal Hemogram ofYak (Bos grunniens), Journal of Applied Animal Research, 7:1, 99-103

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09712119.1995.9706056

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J. Appl. Anim. Res. 7 (1995) 99-103

Normal Hemogram of Yak (Bos grunniens) S.K. Barari, D. Biswas, R.N. Pal

National Research Centre on Yak (ICAR) Dirang - 790 101, West Kameng

Arunachal Pradesh, India

(Received April 29, 1994; accepted October 19, 1994)

Abstract

Barari, S.K., Biswas, D. and Pal, R.N. 1995. Normal Hemogram of Yak (Bosgrunniens). J. Appl. Anim. Res., 7 : 99-103.

Haematological values in 13 healthy yaks (body temp.lOl.lF, pulse rate 541 min, respiration 55lmin) reared on winter pasture (2750m above msl; average ambient temperature -0.3 to 12.3C; humidity 30 - 100 per cent) were determined. 'Total RBC, WBC, Hb, PCV and ESR were found to be 5.20 x 1061pl, 9.9 x lO3/pl, 10.2 gldl, 25.37% and 0.54 mmlh. DLC revealed 30.0, 53.8,10.1, 5.5 and 0.5% of neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils respectively. MCV (jl), MCH (pg) and MCHC (gldl) were 49.3, 20.0 and 41.0 respectively.

Key words :Yak, hemogram.

Introduction

Yak is an important animal of hgh mountain reaches (ZOO0 to 6000 m above msl) of the Himalayan countries and Central Asia. Till date scanty information is available about their physiological parameters and hemogram (Hawkey et al., 1983; Chang, 1985; Singh et al., 1989; Kumar et al., 1992). This paper reports a preliminary observation on various hematological and physiological parameters of yaks.

Materials and Methods

The yaks (13 numbers of various ages and of either sex) maintained a t experimental yak farm (2750 m above msl) in the winter with an average

99 Appl. Anim. Res. 0971-2119/95/$05.00 0 GSP, India J'

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100 S. K. Barari and coworkers

temperature (Min - Max)of (-) 0.3 - 12.3iC and 30 to 100% relative humidity with occasional snow/rainfall formed the experimental subject. All the animals were allowed to graze and water freely. A total of three observations were made at 15 days interval. Normal resting pulse, heart rate and body temperature were measured in the morning before the animals were let loose for grazing with least possible disturbance to the animals. Hematological values were measured following standard methods (Jain, 1986) after the collection of blood from ear vein in di-sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid. Hemoglobin (Sahli’s method), total leukocyte and erythrocyte count (Neuber’s chamber), packed cell volume and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Wintrobe method) were done within few hours of collection. Differential leukocyte count (Romanowsky stain) were done leisurely. From the data generated, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were calculated.

Results and Discussion

Normal physiological values of yak and other bovids are presented in Table 1. Chang (1985) reported a wide variation in respiration and pulse rate in Chinese yaks. Values obtained in the present study were 38-46 and 45-68 for respiration and pulse rate per minute respectively. These values were much higher as compared to those reported by Singh et al. (1989). However, rectal temperature recorded was almost similar to those observed by Chang (1985) and Singh et al. (1989). The hematological values obtained in the present study and other reported values for yak, cattle and buffalo are presented in Table 2. The results indicated that presently obtained values are lower than those reported earlier (Hawkey et al., 1983; Jain, 1986; Singh et al., 1989). However, total leukocyte count was higher. Hematological values of yaks when compared with other large bovids (Cattle and Buffaloes) shall reveal that the values of all the three species are within a specified range. The ESR obtained in the present study is similar to those observed by Joshi (19911, on the contrary Singh et al. (1989) reported a value which is almost ten times higher. Differential leukocyte as observed in yak is quite comparable to cattle and buffaloes and with values reported for yak earlier except that eosinophil is lower in buffaloes. High altitude living conditi-ns, which are the natural habitat of yak induce high hematological values. Cattle transferred from a lower elevation (1500 m) to a higher one (2700 m) resulted in increase of RBC count (Jain, 1986). However, this altitude effect does not happen to yaks which are acclimatized to high altitude living. Kumaret al. (1992) reported the effect of transportation of yaks from higher to lower altitude in respect

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Tab

le 1

Nor

mal

phy

siol

ogic

al p

aram

eter

s of

yak

and

oth

er b

ovid

s

Para

met

ers

Yak

1 Y

ak2

Yak

3 ca

ttle

4 ~

uff

alo

~

3 B

ody

Tem

pera

ture

(C)

38.41 f 0.23

37.6 f 0.75

37.0 - 38.0

38.5 - 39.5

37.0 - 3

8.1

2 2 3 Q

Puls

e ra

te/m

in

54.15 f 0.87

46.3 f 7.08

45.0 - 7

9.0

60.0 - 8

0.0

40.0 - 5

5.0

Res

pira

tiodm

in

54.59 f 1.65

14.3 f 3.49

9.00

- 77.0

10.0 - 30.0

20.0 - 2

5.0

2 1P

rese

nt o

bser

vatio

n, 2

Sing

h et

al. (19891, W

hang

(19851,

4Blo

od a

nd R

ados

tits (1989), 5

Fahi

mud

din (1989).

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Tab

le 2

Nor

mal

hem

ogra

m o

f yak

and

oth

er b

ovid

s

F

0

to

Hem

atol

ogic

Yak'

Yak2

Yak

3 Y

ak4

Cat

tle5

Buf€

aloe

pa

ram

eter

s ~

RB

C x io

6/~

H

b%

PC

V %

ESR

(m

m/h

)

MC

H (

pg)

MC

HC

(g/dl)

MCV

(fl)

TLC

x io

3/d

DLC

N

eutr

ophi

l %

Lym

phoc

yte

%

Mon

ocyt

e %

Eos

inop

hil %

5.2 f 0

.14

10.2

3 f 0

.18

25.3

7 f 0

.70

0.54

f 0

.31

19.9

8 f 0

.38

40.9

6 f 0

.74

49.3

1 k

1.25

9.

90 f 0

.25

6.4 9.0

36.0

. 0.

7 21

.0

36.0

58

.0

6.6

6.4 f 0

.9

13.7

f 1

.7

38.0

f 4

.0

NA

N

A

NA

N

A

6.6 f 1

.2

7.55

f 1

.79

11.9

5 f 1

.4

NA

7.

5 f 9

.48

NA

N

A

NA

6.

7 f 0.44

29.9

8 f 1

.59

42.0

42

.0 -I

12.0

29

.2 f 5

.4

53.7

9 f 2

.23

46.0

46

.0 f

10.0

60

.7 f 5

.0

5.54

f 0

.53

0.4

0.4

3.83

f 0.98

10.0

9 f 1

.34

10.7

10

.7

6.0 f 1

.78

5.0

- 10.

0(7)

8.

0 - 1

5.0(

11)

24.0

46.0

(35)

N

A

11.0

- 17.

0(14

) N

A

40.0 - m

.0(5

2)

4.0

- l2.0

(8)

15.0

- 45.

0(28

) 45

.0 - 7

5.0(

58)

2.0

- 7.0

(4)

2.0

- 20.

0(9)

I

5.7 f 0

.1

I 10

.3 f 0

.2

37.9

f 0

.9

NA

N

A

NA

N

A

9.1 f 0

.1

24.1

f 1

.0

67.9

f 1

.2

NA

4.

4 f 0

.1

Bas

ophi

l %

0.50

f 0

.17

0.5

0.5

<1.0

0.

2 N

A

NA

- no

t av

aila

ble.

lPr

esen

t ob

serv

atio

n, 2

Josh

i (1

9911

, 3H

awke

y et

al.

(198

3), 4Singh

et al.

(198

9), 5

Jdn

(198

61, s

Mur

thy

(198

0). D

ownl

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[N

orth

Car

olin

a St

ate

Uni

vers

ity]

at 0

2:36

24

Sept

embe

r 20

12

Hemogram of Yak 103

of respiration, heart rate and hematological values who observed a declining trend.

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cattle, sheep, pig, gout and horse. 7th Edn. ELBS and Bailliere Tindall, London.

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Hawkey, C.M., Ashton, D.G., Hart, M.G., Cindery, R.N. and Jones, D.M. 1983. Normal and clinical hematology in the yak (Poephugus grunniens). Res. Vet. Sci., 34 :

Jain, N.C. 1986. Schalm's Veterinary Hematology. 4th Edn. Lea and Febiger, Phila-

Joshi, B.P. 1991. Wild Animal Medicine. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi, p 246. Kumar, R., Kumar, N., Singh, S.P. and Rastogi, S.K. 1992. Hematological and physi-

ological response of yak on transportation to lower altitudes in spring and winter. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 2 : 9-12.

Murthy, T.S. 1980. Anote on certain cellular constituents ofblood in buffaloes. Livestock Adviser, 6: 44.

Singh, S.P., Sharma, K.B., Rastogi, S.K. and Narang, M.P. 1989. A few physiological parameters of yaks. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 69 : 11081109.

pp 20-21.

31-36.

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