norma basalis externa
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Norma Basalis Externa
Inferior View of the Skull
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BONES INVOLVED IN NORMA BASALIS EXTERNA
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1. Palatine process of the maxilla- Incisive fossa and foramen
2. Horizontal plate of palatine bone- located here are the greater and lesser
palatine foramina
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4. Vomer5. Medial pterygoid plate
- scaphoid fossa located on the lateral side of the base: hamulus, at the lower extremity.
6. Lateral pterygoid plate
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6. Greater wing of sphenoid- contains foramina ovale, and spinosum; angular spine; and groove for auditory tube.
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8. Temporal bone- Mandibular fossa, - Petrotympanic fissure- styloid process; - stylomastoid foramen, - mastoid process with mastoid notch and occipital
groove, - carotid canal, - Jugular fossa- foramen lacerum,
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9. Basilar part of occipital bone- pharyngeal tubercle.
10. Lateral part of occipital bone- condyles, - condylar fossa and canal,
- hypoglossal canal
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11. Squamous part of occipital bone- external occipital protruberance with the superior nuchal line, - external occipital crest with the inferior nuchal line running laterally from its middle,
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FORAMINA PRESENT IN NORMA BASALIS EXTERNA
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Name Bone Contents
Incisive canals Palatine process of the maxilla
Nasopalatine n.,Ant. Brs. Descending palatine a. and v.
Greater palatine Palatine Greater palatine N.Descending palatine vessels
Lesser palatine Palatine Lesser palatine n and aa.
Stylomastoid Temporal Facial n., stylomastoid a.
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Name Bone Contents
Carotid Temporal Int. carotid a.Carotid plexus
Condyloid Occipital Vein from transverse sinus
Tympanic canaliculus
Temporal Tympanic br. of IX
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Name Bone Contents
Mastoid canaliculus
Temporal Auricular br. of X
Tympanomastoid fissure
Temporal Auricular br. of X