non-traditional fossil fuels carbon sequestration
Post on 21-Dec-2015
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Non-traditional fossil fuels
Carbon sequestration
http://www.ienearth.org/archives/Dec2008_4/images/Oil_sands_open_pit_mining.jpg
http://randsco.com/_img/blog/0602/tarSandMap.jpg
Tar sands 175 billion barrels proven recoverablereserves.
(US used about 6.3 billion barrels in 2008)
Significant environmentalimpacts?
Tar sands and ‘heavy oil. Petroleum that haslost lower molecular weight compounds.
http://www.treehugger.com/tar-sands-protest-action-080729.jpg
http://www.treehugger.com/20090626-hillary-clinton-tar-sands-cartoon.jpg
http://willyloman.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/tar-sands-before-after.jpg
Environmental concerns include:
water use local ecosystem impacts carbon dioxide emissions
www.friendlyinnovators.com/images/oilshale.jpg
500 billion barrels ofrecoverablereserves in the western U.S.
(US used about 6.3 billion barrelsof crude oil in 2008)
http://radio.weblogs.com/0101170/images/science/shelloilshaleprocess2.jpg
http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/blogs/greeninc/oilshaleprod.jpeg
http://www.westernresourceadvocates.org/images/Hap%20cartoon.jpg
www.treehugger.com/2008/06/22-week/
Oil shale:
water use in an arid climate waste rock from retorting ecosystem disruption – surface mining carbon dioxide emissions
http://www.energyjustice.net/naturalgas/cbm/figureI-24.jpg
Coal bed methane
US has ~ 20 TCF of proven reserves
US used ~23 TCF in 2008
www.energyindustryphotos.com/horizontal_drill.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/trans/figs1.gif
http://www.deq.state.mt.us/CoalBedMethane/images/P0000430.jpg www.deq.state.mt.us/CoalBedMethane/photos.asp
http://www.meic.org/images/water-quality/clarren.jpg
CBM
water extraction in near-surfaceaquifer systems
treatment fluids from horizontal drilling and hydrofracturing
Methane clathrate
http://www.blog.speculist.com/archives/methanehydrate.jpg
http://www.gns.cri.nz/research/gashydrates/images/methphase.jpg
hypography.com/.../16398-methane.html
http://i.treehugger.com/images/2007/10/24/methane%20clathrate-jj-001.jpg
http://chem.ps.uci.edu/~kcjanda/Group/images/4cages.jpg
potential forsignificant, uncontrolledmethane emission
http://www.cleancoalucg.com/gfx/charts/ucg-fig1.jpg
Underground (in situ) coal gasification
https://www.llnl.gov/str/April07/gifs/fire2.jpg
Injection of oxygen and water. Ignition, productionof ‘syngas’.
runaway underground fires
technical feasibility
196.33.85.14/cgs_inter/index.php?option=com_c...
Geological Carbon Sequestration
Subsea Carbon Sequestration
http://www.emilylynn.net/index_files/image002.jpg
http://esd.lbl.gov/CLIMATE/OCEAN/images/991020DOCSsummary-3.gif
Carbon dioxide is removed from the surface oceans naturally by photosynthesis;some amount of the fixed carbon is preserved as sediment – perhaps to becomepart of the intermediate carbon cycle.
Can this amount be increased by oceansurface fertilization using iron, etc?
Can carbon dioxide liquid be released intothe deep ocean by direct injection?