NON-STICK FRYING PAN

PRESENT BY:

LOH YU WEI 136256C

WANG DONG 130529C

CHENG YUN SHENG 136265M

JOEL NG 131079Y

LEONG JING YUEN TERRENCE

134192H

ContentIntroduction

Material

Important Properties of Material Used

Reason of Using The Material

Environmental Issue

Question & Answer Session

INTRODUCTIONIn this presentation we are going to let you know about :

The material that used to produce a Non-stick frying pan.The properties of the materials.The reason of using those material.The environmental issue that the material bring to us.

MATERIALS :

Stainless Steel 304

Phenolic Resin

Polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)

or Teflon

STAINLESS STEEL 304Chemical Composition:

Chromium - 18-20%Nickel - 8-10.50%

Manganese - 2.00% maxCarbon - 0.08% maxSulfur - 0.030% maxSilicon - 1.00% max

Phosphorus - 0.045% max

Structure:Austenitic metallurgical structure.

PHENOLIC RESIN:

Synthetic polymers obtained by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde.In the form of Bakelite, they are the earliest commercial synthetic resin.

Formed by a step-growth polymerization reaction that can be either acid- or base- catalysed.Found in myriad industrial products.First plastic made from synthetic components.Widely used for its heat-resistant properties in kitchenware.

Polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) or Teflon

It is a synthetic fluoropolymer of tetrafluoroethylene.

It is a fluorocarbon solid.It has a high-molecular-weight compound.

consisting wholly of carbon and fluorine.It is hydrophobic.Formed by the polymerization of

tetrafluoroethylene:nF2C=CF2 → —{ F2C—CF2}—

Molecular formula is (C2F4)n.Density is 2200 kg/

IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL USED: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

ECONOMIC PROPERTIES

AESTHETIC PROPERTIES

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:1.Stainless Steel 304:

Stainless steel 304 has high density, 8.03 g/ Stainless steel 304 has high melting range (1399-1454 8C)Stainless Steel 304 is a good thermal conductor.

2.Phenolic Resins:

Phenolic Resins has low density, 1.1 g/Phenolic Resins has no melting point.Phenolic Resins has low thermal conductivity.

3. Polytetrafluoroethylene ( PTFE) :

Polytetrafluoroethylene has low density, 2200kg/Polytetrafluoroethylene has high melting point, (327 8C / 620 °F) .Polyterafluoroethylene has high thermal conductivity.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES:

1.STAINLESS STEEL 304:

Stainless Steel 304 has high strength.

Stainless steel 304 has good formability.

Stainless steel 304 has high rigidity.

2. PHENOOLIC RESINS:

Phenolic Resins has high strength.

Phenolic Resins has good formability.

Phenolic Resins has low toughness.

Phenolic Resins has high durability.

3. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has high strength.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has low rigidity.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has low toughness.

TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

1.STAINLESS STEEL 304:

Stainless steel 304 has poor machinability.

Stainless steel 304 has high castability.

Stainless steel 304 has high weldability.

2. PHENOLIC RESINS

Phenolic Resins has high machinability.

3. POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE (PTFE)

Polytetrafluoroethylene has high machinability.

Polytetrafluoroethylene is easily formable.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. STAINLESS STEEL 304:

Good oxidation resistance.

Good corrosion resistance.

Good chemical resistance.

2. PHENOLIC RESINS

High corrosion resistance.

Good chemical resistance.

3. Polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)

Chemical inert.

Good corrosion resistance.

ECONOMIC PROPERTIES

1. STAINLESS STEEL 304:

Cost of raw material and manufacturing is reasonable.

Industrially widely available readily.

2. PHENOLIC RESINS

Cost of phenolic resins is dependent on the application.

Material can get quite easily.

3. POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE

(PTFE)

Have a relatively low cost for its raw material and manufacturing cost.

Can get it quite easily.

AESTHETIC PROPERTIES1. STAINLESS STEEL 304:

Has a beautiful appearance.Good texture for cook.Has an attractive appeal.

2. PHENOLIC RESINS:

Nice appearance.Good texture.Attractive look.

3. Polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE):

Suitable texture for cook.

REASON OF USING THE MATERIAL

1) STAINLESS STEEL 304:

Able to withstand cooking temperatures.Able to fry food quickly.Hygienic.Durable.Able to attract consumer’s attention.does not bend and break under normal use.Reasonable manufacturing cost.

2) PHENOLIC RESINS:

Wont break, deform or melt under high temperatures.

Will not burn user’s hands.

Durable.

Will not slip out of user’s hands.

Promote sales.

3) Polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)

Does not melt or burn during usage.Very unlikely for food to stick onto the coating.Durable.Hygienic.It would be easier for consumer to use.Reasonable manufacturing cost.Sleek and watery look.

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE

A.Effect of using materials.

B.Ways to solve the problem.

C.Better material that can replace.

A. Effects of using materialsStainless Steel

100% Recyclable.Long term life.

PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)Non-biodegradable.Deadly to birds .Cause symptoms in humans.

Phenol formaldehyde resinNon-biodegradable.Toxicological effect.

B.Ways to solve the problem

Stainless Steel: ----

PTFE & Phenol formaldehyde resin Combustion into renewable energy Landfills.

C.Better Material That Can Replace

Stainless Steel: Cast IronExtremely Long LastingGives off Iron ParticlesCompleting the Recycling Process

PTFE Coating: Thermolon PTFE-free Use no PFOA in manufacturing

Phenol formaldehyde resin: woodBio-degradableRecyclable

REFERENCE:• http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/melting-temperature-metals-

d_860.html• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainless_steel• http://www.emachineshop.com/machine-shop/Stainless-Steel/

page54.html• http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/thermal-conductivity-

d_429.html• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-stick_pan• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frying_pan• http://www.dynalabcorp.com/technical_info_ptfe.asp• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakelite• http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/

landmarks/bakelite.html• http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?

qid=20101205070521AAHxa4G• http://www.answers.com/topic/bakelite• http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/bakelite.html

Q &A

SESSION

TH

E E

ND