Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

In India

Introduction to NGO

A Non Governmental Organization (NGO) is any non-profit, voluntary citizens' group which is legally constituted, organized and operated on a local, national or international level.

They are Task-oriented and driven by people with a common interest

Some are organized around specific issues:

→ Human rights→ Environment → Health → Poverty eradication → Rehabilitation→ Employment

Principles

Altruism Voluntarism

NGOs Classification

By the level of Orientation

Charitable Orientation

Service Orientation

Participatory Orientation

Empowering Orientation

By the level of Operation

Community Based

Organizations

City Wide Organizations

National NGOs

International NGOs

NGOs

Grassroot Intermediate Primary

NGOs involved in Entrepreneurship Development

Some of the additional terms used:

1. BINGO : Business-friendly International NGO

2. TANGO : Technical assistance NGO

3. TSO : Third Sector Organization

4. DONGO : Donor organized NGO

5. GSO : Grassroots Support Organization

Features of NGOs

Support democratic system Function on no profit basis Non Political in character Clearly defined objectives Limited external control Voluntary Character Wide operational area Positive contribution Need financial support Interest in long-term projects

Activities of NGOs

Create awareness

Protect human rights

Encourage rehabilitation

Gainful employment

Combat man made crisis

Protect environment

Functions of NGOs with respect to Entrepreneurial Scenario

1. Entrepreneurial Development Programme (EDP)2. Counseling3. Development of Infrastructure4. Construction of Housing Facility5. Supporting Innovation and Pilot Projects6. Providing Technical Assistance

Advantages of NGOs

→ Ability to experiment freely

→ Flexible in adapting to local needs

→ Enjoy Good rapport with people

→ Ability to communicate at all levels

→ Ability to recruit experts and highly motivated staff

→ Less restrictions from the Government

Disadvantages of NGOs

Lack of funds

Lack of dedicated leadership

Inadequate trained personnel

Misuse of Funds

Monopolization of leadership

Lack of public participation

Centralization in Urban Areas

Lack of Coordination

Act as a change agent

Environment

Safeguarding Human Rights

Representatives of weaker sections

Responsibilities of NGOs

Need for honest and dedicated persons.

Need for transparency to create confidence.

A proper personnel policy

Protect the interest of the people rather than

members

Transparent and easy to operate mechanism.

Challenges to NGOs

WASME

It stands for World Association for Small and Medium Enterprises (WASME)

Established in 1980

Headquartered in Noida, India

Objectives of WASME:

Developing relationship between SMEs in developed and developing countries.

Networking with related/similar organizations.

Enlarging collaboration with UN agencies and international organizations.

Capacity building of SMEs through managerial and skill development programmes.

Disseminating information on and about international developments in SME sector.

Carrying out research and studies on topical issues confronting SMEs.

Type: Primary Level NGO

AWAKE

It stands for Association of Women Entrepreneurs of Karnataka

Type: Intermediate NGO

Headquartered in Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Strives to promote entrepreneurship among women as a means to achieve self reliance and socio-economic independence.

AWAKE aims to:

To promote entrepreneurship among women and thereby empower them to join

the economic mainstream

To enhance the status of women in the society, by creating a culture of

entrepreneurship amongst women in both rural and urban areas

To develop successful models of entrepreneurship for emulation world-wide

Established in 1983

OXFAM (India)

It stands for Oxford Committee for Famine Relief

India

Operating in India since 1951

A member of a global confederation of 17 Oxfams.

They fight poverty and injustice by linking grassroots programming (through partner NGOs) to local, national and global advocacy and policy-making

Type: Primary Level NGO

Oxfam India works in partnership with over 130 grassroots NGOs to address root causes of poverty and injustice in the four areas of

o Economic Justice,

o Essential Services,

o Gender Justice and

o Humanitarian Response and

o Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR).

CRY

Non-profit organization in India that aims to restore children's rights in India.

Established in 1979

It was started by Rippan Kapur

It focuses mainly on the 4 basic rights:

Survival,

Development,

Protection

Participation

It stands for Child Rights and You

Type: Grass root level NGO

SEWA

It stands for Self Employed Women's Association

Headquartered in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

Type: Intermediate NGO

It is an organisation of poor, self-employed women workers who earn a living through their own labour or small businesses.

SEWA’s area of concerns are:

Member’s Employment

Better Income

Food and Nutrition

Safety and Security

Housing

Literacy

Organizational Strength

Self Reliance

Established in 1972

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