non black filler in rubber product
TRANSCRIPT
L. D. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
RUBBER TECHNOLOGY
Sub:- r.c.m.( rubber compounding materials)
1Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
Topic:-Non Black-Fillers
2Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
Introduction
Non black filler mainly used for;
Reduce cost
Improve processing
Increasing hardness
Tensile strength
Tear resistance
Abrasion resistance
Other properties….
3Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
They are classified as :
• Fillers used mainly to reduce cost.
• Semi-reinforcing fillers.
• Reinforcing fillers.
• By the way reinforcing fillers used to achieve high performance in non black products.
4Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
Types of fillers:
• They are described in 2 ways:
• 1.. Mineral fillers
• 2.. Organic fillers
5Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
Mineral fillers
• Aluminium Hydroxide(hyrdrated)
• Aluminium silicate(hydrated)
• Antimony trioxide
• Barium ferrite
• Barytes(barium sulfate)
• Calcium carbonates and oxide
• Calcium silicate(hydrated)
• Calsium sulphate(hydrated)
6Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
Mineral fillers
• China clays
• Graphite
• Lead
• Litharge
• Lithopone
• Magnasium carbonate
• Magnasium oxide
• Mica powder
• Silicas
• Talc or french chalk
• Zinc oxide
• Titanium dioxide
• Zinc carbonate
• Zinc steatate 7Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
Calcium carbonate as a mineral filler
• There are 5 types under this category:
• Ground lime stone: is an off white powder with particle size below 100 mesh. It is used where low cost is a main consideration high loading can be used to give only moderate hardness
• Ground chalk or whiting: is a white powder of partical size varying to below 30nm.it is used low-cost compound, giving moderate hardness and farily high resilience at high loadings but with poor tensile stregth and tear resistance.
8Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
Calcium carbonate as a mineral filler
• Precipitated Whitings:-Precipitated whitings may be byproducts of water softening processes or produced by precipitation from solutions of calcium salts, with particle sizes from about 20 μm to 50 nm.
• Treated whitings:-These are precipited whitings, the particles of which have been coated with up to 3% of a stearate.
• Calcium hydroxide,oxide,lime:- hydrated lime was used as an early accelerator of vulcanization.
9Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
10Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
China Clays
• China clay is the most popular filler and cheapener used in many rubber compounds.
• It is natural hydrated aluminium silicate.
• There are Four types of china clays as per below;
=>Soft Clays
=>Hard Clays
=>Calcined Clays
=>Treated Clays.
11Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
China Clays
• Soft Clays:-
-Off white powders,
-Particle size greater than 2 μm
-High loading for low cost compounds
-Greater hardness and tensile strength
-Less resilience than the calcium carbonate
-Mainly used in mechanical goods but cannot be used for bright coloured products.
12Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
China Clays
• Hard Clays:-
-whiter than soft clays
-particle size greater than 2 μm
-used as rein forcing fillers of moderate cost
- gives higher tensile strength, tear resistance, and abrasion resistance than soft clays
-Mainly used in hose,flooring, and shoe soling
13Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
China Clays
• Calcined Clays:-
-Calcined to remove combined water, behave as reinforcing fillers with good white colour.
-hardness, tensile strength and electrical resistivity are higher than hard clays.
-They are mainly used where colour or electrical properties are important.
14Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
China Clays
• Treated Clays:-There are three types as per below;
- Amine coated(Frantex)
-Silane coated (Manchem)
-Polybutadiene coated (ICI W453)
15Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
Graphite:-
- Acid resistance materials
-Reduce surface friction of rubber products
-Used in hose manufacture and tire
Lithopone:-
-Mixture of Zinc sulphide and barium sulphate.
16Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
MICA POWDER
KAOLINE CLAYCHINA CLAY
17Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
Silicas
• GroundMineral silica : or sand
ground below 200 mesh is a cheap filler for heat resistant compounds and does not have effect on cure.
• Kieselguhr:
kieselguhr is a finally ground siliceous material also used for heat resistant compounds.
18Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
• Hydrated precipitated silicas:
These silica have partical size of 10 to 14 nm. They contain 10 to 14% water. They give high degree reinforcement to rubber compound to give high tensile strength ,tear resistance ,abrasion resistance and hardness .
They are used in translucent and colored product, mechanical goods and shoe soling.
19Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
• Fume silica or pyrogenic silica:
• this silica contains less than 2% water, they are highly reinforcing filler of very small partical size ,giving high tensile strength , tear resistance and abrasion resistance particularly to transparent silicone rubber.
• The used of wax, polyethen or other lubricating material is recommended to avoid sticking to rolls in processing and to mould after cure.
20Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
Zinc oxide
• It is white powder and is used as an accelerator ,activator and reinforcing filler which gives compound with high tensile strength and resilience but only moderate hardness.
• It is used at high loading to produce plastic and easily mould compound; these tend to stick to mills, calendar etc.
21Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
Talc
• It is naturally occuring mineral .
• It is used as an inert filler in heat resisting compound for gaskets, autoclave jointing etc.
• It is mainly used as an antitack dusting agent to prevent sticking of unvulcanized rubber to it self or to other surfaces.
22Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
Organic fillers
• Cork
• Glue
• Heveaplus
• High styrene resins
• Phenolic resins
• Shellac
23Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
Organic fillers
• Glue:
• It impart toughness and strength to rubber compound giving a leathery rubber.
• It also impart oil and fule resistance and thus used for making hose lining and gaskets.
• Due to toughness and its used for making shoe soles and heels etc.
24Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
Organic fillers
• Cork:
• Natural cork ground to various degrees of fineness from about 3 mm particles to powder, give compound with a high degree of resilience and compressibility and is used flooring ,tiles, gaskets etc.
25Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
CORKPHENOLIC RESIN
26Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup
27Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup