Niveles de Organización de la

Materia y la energía BiologíaUnidad 2

Naturaleza Bioquímica de la Vida

Levels of Organization• Living things have a highly

organized body structure, which allows them to perform all their vital functions. They may see a hierarchy that can be studied considering three levels of organization : chemical , biological, ecological .

Levels of Organization

subatomicatomic

molecularsupramolecular

Level Chemical

Matter

Level Biological

Level Ecological

Cellulartissue

organicsystematicindividual

populationcommunityecosystembiosphere

Subatomic Level

• This level is the simplest of all and is made up of all subatomic particles such as electrons , protons and neutrons (composed of quarks) .

Atomic Level

• This consists of atoms constituting living beings are called bio-elements , including the most abundant are : carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen .

Molecular Level

• Formed by the molecules that make up living things are called biomolecules , these in turn are divided into simple biomolecules , such as water, gas , minerals , amino acids , monosaccharides ; and complex biomolecules such as proteins , lipids , carbohydrates and nucleic acids. It is also called macromolecules .

Supramolecular Level

• At this level are the supramolecular associations resulting from the combination of two or more macromolecules such as cell membrane ribosomes cytoskeleton , etc.

Cellular Level

• It is the most important biological level because all living things are made of cells . Some are single-celled organisms (bacteria , consist of a single cell ) , while others are multicellular (animals, have many cells) .

Tissue Level

• It is formed by the tissues . A tissue is a group of cells that perform the same function. Examples epithelial , connective, muscle , nerve tissue .

Organic Level

• Made up of the organs. An organ of the grouping of various tissues , where they all work in coordination so that the organ hold a special function. Example : heart , brain, bone. Etc.

Sistemic Level

• It is composed of devices and systems. An apparatus resulting from the grouping of bodies composed of two or more varieties of tissues. For example : Digestive and Cardiovascular Apparatus. While a system results from the grouping of bodies composed of a single variety of tissue. For example : muscular and nervous system .

Individual Level• It refers to the multicellular

organism resulting from the grouping of devices and systems that work together in a coordinated manner and with great accuracy. Example : Man, cat, eucalyptus, etc.

Population

• A population resulting from the grouping of individuals of the same species inhabiting the same geographical area at a particular time, its members can reproduce and have fertile offspring .

Community

• A community results from the interaction of several populations of different species that share the same geographical area at a given time. Example : Galapagos island.

Ecosystem

• An ecosystem resulting from the interaction of a biotic community with the inanimate environment ( abiotic environment). Example : ecosystem " Sierra de Lobos"

Biosphere

• The biosphere is the grouping of the ecosystems of the earth, covering all of the planet inhabited by living things , I mean the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere.

Any Question…?

Bibliografía