NIKHIL YADAV MBA – MARKETING PUMBA , PUNE

Pune Metro- Why DELAYED!!

CONTENTS

Introduction – Metro in India Brief history Concerns for Pune metroLearnings & conclusion

Metro Metro conjures up a very big picture and we may have a

feeling that it is high time we have Metro in Pune Nothing wrong, but first we need to be clear about what

metro is and what metro is not ! What Metro is not –Metro is not a magic wand which will make the traffic

problems of the city disappearMetro is not a system which Pune should have, simply

because it is the most advanced mass transport system Metro is not a system which Pune should have, simply

because Pune is now a big, growing metropolitan city – IT, industrial, education hub….

Metro is not a system which Pune must have whatever be the impact and price to be paid

Metro

What metro is –Metro is the most expensive mass transport system in the

world with a costing of about Rs 200 crores per km or more depending on metro type and site conditions

Metro operation, maintenance, security is also a very expensive affair

Metro train has a high carrying capacity (about 1000 to 1500 passengers for number of SG coaches - 4 or 6)

Metro needs to have a certain minimum number of passengers to make it viable in view of very high capital and operating costs

Metro is irreversible and permanent - for lifetime of city! Hence decision about metro has to be purely need based and taken rationally, sensibly and responsibly !

Benefits of a metro

Advantages of metro Requires 1/5th energy per passenger km compared to

road-based system. Causes no air pollution in the city. Causes lesser noise level Occupies no road space, if underground and only about 2

metres width of the road, if elevated. Carries same amount of traffic as 5 lanes of bus traffic or 12 lanes of private motor cars (either way), if it is a light capacity system.

Is more reliable, comfortable and safer than road based system

Reduces journey time by anything between 50% and 75% depending on road conditions.

Need of metro in PuneIncreasing traffic congestion due to rising per

capita income 7th largest cityPollution control

Pune Metro proposal DMRC (Delhi Metro Rail Corporation) appointed by PMC submitted a

report for Metro in Pune. This report was originally approved by PMC in great haste in January 2010 without any independent study, transparency and public consultations. Now after two and half years State Government has also approved the DMRC report in June 2012.

Report available on PMC website – www.punecorporation.org

• No one need be against Metro as a mode of mass transport. But we citizens have a right to know what DMRC’s metro proposal is, whether it will be really useful for us, what impact it will have on us and our city, what financial burden will be put on us and then decide whether we want it !

As PMC has not provided information to citizens about Pune Metro plan, this citizen-friendly presentation has been prepared for public information and awareness and is based on a study of DMRC’s report from a citizens’ perspective.

Pune Metro presentationBasic key considerationsSuitability of DMRC plan for Vanaz–Ramwadi Elevated Metro assessed onfollowing considerations - 1) Metro route feasibility, viability and whether convenient, really useful for majority of citizens 2) Elevated metro – Impact on city, people, road traffic – Compliance with rules

Pune Metro routes – Phase I

DMRC’s recommendation for Pune Metro – Phase I Standard gauge Elevated metro as under :Corridor 2 – Vanaz to RamwadiLength - 14.925 kmCapital cost - Rs. 2217 crores + taxesTotal completion cost – Rs. 3000 crores approx. with central taxes only Costs based on September 2008 prices – Actual

cost of execution could be much higher

Pune Metro routes – FutureCorridor 1 – Pimpri Chinchwad to Swargate (Phase I - but under hold as PCMC has not approved it)Length - 16.589 km - Elevated 11.57km – PC to Shivajinagar - Underground 5.019km – Shivajinagar to Swargate Capital cost - Rs. 4911 crores + taxesTotal completion cost - Rs. 6500 crores approx with

central taxes only (based on September 2008 prices)

Phase 2 1) Swargate – Katraj (4 km) 2) Deccan – Tilak road – Swargate – Shanker seth road – Race course – Bund garden (11 km) 3) Pataleshwar – University – Aundh – Hinjewadi (18

km)Total Phase I + II – 64.5 km

Karve Road

Mu

mb

ai

– B

an

galu

ru h

igh

way

To Bangaluru

BRTS Phase II Stretch

BRTS Phase I Stretch

BRTS Phase II Stretch ( City Core Area )Bengaluru Pune Mumbai Highway

Leged

Katraj

Phase1 – Metro line 1 - 16.6 Kms

PCMC

Pataleshwar

Swargate

Hinjewadi

Phase1 – Metro line 2 -14.9

Bund Garden

Vanaz

Deccan Gymkhana

Ramvadi

Phase I

•Metro Line 1 1. Elevated 2. Underground •Metro Line 2

Phase 2

Metro Issues

1) Metro on road Elevated metro has to run on road at a height of about 10 mtr.

There will be a flyover like structure called via duct with pillars on road. Reduction in total road carriageway width by about 3 mtr.

– likely increase in traffic congestion as road widening not possible and no guaranty of substantial reduction in number of vehicles due to metro

– Central lane BRT will not be possible – Normal bus service also affected due to less road width 9 mtr of central road portion will be barricaded during

construction– traffic chaos as no suitable alternative diversion roads available (example Karve road, J M road, Maldhakka road, Sasoon road, Railway station area)

WITH UNDERGROUND METRO

Before METRO

Road without METRO

Same Road with METRO(Concept picture)

Karve road

Metro on road

Metro on road

Nal stop junction

Deccan junction

Metro on road

Metro Issues2) Metro station on road 35-40 mtr wide,140 mtr long and 23 mtr (7-8 storey) high metro station – insufficient clear space for station (example Nalstop station) – demolition of road side buildings, land acquisition required – increase in pollution as vehicle exhaust gases cannot escape upwards Station platform at 12 to 17 mtr height (4-5 storey) above road level –

access could be a problem – large number of steps to be climbed (As per DMRC report - Executive summary, pg 12 – Provision for escalators only in paid area. No lifts for disabled persons at present – future provision being kept in civil work)

Station entry/exit will block footpath, unsafe for pedestrians who will have to walk on congested road

Bus stops will be shifted inconveniencing bus passengers No parking space possible at metro stations due to location in

congested areas (DMRC report - Executive summary, pg 12) – people using own vehicles will not be able to use metro

7 StoreyHighStation

TYPICAL METRO STATION (indicative concept drawing)

4 StoreyHighPlatform

Metro station - Karve Road (indicative concept drawing)

Vanaz-Ramwadi Elevated Metro Issues

3) Metro alignment on road Metro cannot be at road centre in case of obstructions or sharp

turn on road which metro cannot take Existing Paud phata flyover will shift metro to Paud phata -

SNDT road further reducing road width on the congested road Metro alignment not possible at existing road turnings, for

example Khandujibaba chowk,Sancheti chowk,Railway station – metro will deviate from road centre – demolition of road side buildings, land acquisition required Railway crossing at Pune Railway Station – big problem as

very busy rail route River crossings may also pose problem, land acquisition

required

Metro Alignment – Paud phata

Deccan GymkhanaGround

Chitale Bandhu

Janseva Dinning Hall

Deccan Post Office

J. M. Road

Karve Road

F.

C.

Road

Metro Alignment – Khandujibaba chowk

(Reference: DMRC Report)

Lad

ki P

ool

Jangali Maharaj RoadTow

ards S

hivaji

Nag

ar

Civil Court

Sancheti hospital

College of EngineeringHostels

C.O.E.P Ground

KalaniketanTata Indicom

Metro Alignment – Sancheti chowk

Courtesy : V I T ‘S PVP College of Architecture, Pune. Project by : IV th year B.Arch.

Metro Alignment – Railway station

Vanaz-Ramwadi Elevated Metro Issues

4) Violation of fire safety norms and DC rules in metro constructionInsufficient space for metro stations and alignmentPart or full demolition of buildings requiredMetro construction will encroach on footpaths and side

margins of road side buildingsMetro construction could be very close to existing buildings

without sufficient circulation space in betweenNatural light, ventilation for buildings will be affectedClear access to building from road may get blockedAll portions and floors of building will not be accessible for

fire enginesRescue in case of emergencies will be severely hampered

Vanaz-Ramwadi Elevated Metro Issues

5) Shifting of surface and under ground utilities required (water, sewage, storm water drain, electricity, telephone, traffic signals) – serious problems in physical shifting – poor co-ordination between different agencies – availability of suitable space for relocation will be a problem – citizens will suffer due to disruption/disconnection of services during shifting, relocation, replacement6) Traffic management during construction - big problem (regulation, re-routing, diversion etc.) – suitable roads for traffic diversion not available – severe traffic congestion & unsafe road conditions – insufficient traffic police strength for traffic regulation – people will suffer as mobility seriously affected – pedestrians will face serious problems – fate of disabled will be worst

Vanaz-Ramwadi Elevated Metro Issues

7) All future options on road will be closed permanently – flyovers, subways, BRT, monorail, walkways, trees, beautification etc.

8) Risks & traumaRisk to existing buildings due to operation of heavy machinery, crane

movement etc. Safety risk for people, accident hazard Health risk and severe inconvenience for people residing or working in

construction site area due to noise, vibrations, air pollution etc.Patients, senior citizens, students will be seriously affectedMental trauma to citizens due to continuous disturbance, disruption of

utility services, mobility problems, changes in daily life pattern, rehabilitation due to demolitions, land acquisitions etc.

Vanaz-Ramwadi Elevated Metro Issues

9) Loss for citizens Loss of business due to construction activity and difficulty

for customers, goods carriers to access the business premises

Loss of livelihoodLoss of value of premises due to various reasonsLoss of time for travel on roadLoss due to increased fuel consumptionLoss of life and property in case of emergencies where

premises are inaccessible for fire engines, ambulances due to metro alignment, metro stations

Vanaz-Ramwadi Elevated Metro Issues

10) Visual impact & quality of life– Hundreds of trees on road will be cut (eg JM road)– Building side margins and road side open spaces,

beautification will vanish– Metro track will be like a continuous flyover on road cutting

off view of sky– Huge metro stations across entire road width and very close

to road side buildings will be eye sores– Elevated track and stations together will give basement effect

on road– View of historical monuments, statues affected– This extreme visual pollution on prime roads will reduce

quality of life for citizens

Statue of Rani Jhansi at Balgandharva Chowk

Pre Metro

Post METROConcept picture

Pune Metro planSome important questions -Why no transparency and people not taken into confidence Why their views, suggestions, objections not invited before taking decision• Why Integrated Master plan for Traffic & Transportation considering various

mobility options and transport modes not prepared before taking any decision in the matter of very expensive mass transport like Metro

• Why independent study of DMRC report not done by PMCWhy DMRC not asked to do detailed feasibility study for proposed routes

for both elevated & under ground metro, standard gauge & broad gauge• Whether all other concerned agencies consulted before finalizing metro plan, for example Town planning, Traffic police… .Whether realistic estimates prepared for metro related worksHow will funds be generated ..Who would have ownership of Metro – public accountability ?

Metro IssuesImpacts where ?All these impacts on roads which are vital arterial links for the city – Paud phata, Karve road, JM road, Maldhakka road, Bund garden road.. Roads already congested with traffic volume exceeding road capacityCentral lane BRT also planned on the roadsAreas fully developed and further road widening not possibleMassive metro columns and stations would reduce carriageway width

which may cause serious traffic congestion problems Situation worse during construction phase as half the road carriageway

width would be blockedSuitable alternative roads of adequate capacity not available for traffic

diversionTraffic and mobility will become a nightmare for citizens seriously affecting

their daily lifeSituation for pedestrians will become terrible and highly unsafe

Vanaz-Ramwadi Elevated Metro Issues

Station location– For metro to be useful, most important is convenient access

to metro station for people using different transport modes, example walk, cycles, buses, rickshaws, own vehicles

– Proper footpaths, road crossings, cycle stands, feeder bus routes and bus stops, rickshaw stands, vehicle parking space are a must for maximum people to use metro. This is also necessary for sufficient rider-ship and financial viability of metro

– However all this is not possible for metro stations located on congested routes – stations are proposed even at such congested locations as Nal stop, Garware college

Concerns about Pune Metro DPR

Whether it will fit in with other transport systems like BRTS etc. Having an integrated multimodal transport system is necessary.

FSI problem. Narrowing of road width in case metro isn’t underground. Inconvenience to pedestrians, problems regarding parking etc. Land acquisition problems. Disruption in existing infrastructural

fabric of the city. DPR was made by DMRC which only forecasted the traffic

demand of the metro system and identified potential locations and was passed hastily.

Presupposed the need for a high capacity network rather than to evaluate whether one was needed.

Concerns regarding overground metros in densely populated areas.

Investors would necessarily depend on some form of Government support in the form of viability gap funding, higher taxes,free or subsidized land concessions etc. – all of which would be paid by citizens. 

Safety and health riskTraffic management while constructionFuture options after metro construction

become very limited.

Pune Metro costingDMRC cost estimate based on September 2008 prices – how realistic it is?

Cost escalation possible in case of following -All direct and indirect items/works not considered adequately Detailed surveys and studies not done to assess work quantumDelays due to hurdles in obtaining required statutory permissionsDelays due to problems in land acquisitionDelays due to non-availability of site clearancesDelays due to improper assessment of work and difficulties in executionDelays due to shifting of utilitiesDelays due to non-availability of fundsDelays due to commercial / legal issues…….Escalation in project costs as work progresses is a usual experience – how will the additional funds be raised ?

Metro funding

Proposed funding of metro capital cost1) SPV model – Special Purpose Vehicle under State control eg.DMRC20% each - by Central Government and State Government as equity60% - by PMC, loans from banks/financial institutions, other sources

2) PPP model – Not very successful elsewhere as Metro is social sector

BOT – Private firm responsible for financing, designing, building, operating and maintaining entire project. – State Government’s contribution limited to cost of land only. – Private operator will demand certain assured high rate of return – Can become burden on city and citizensOther PPP models – Both public and private sector assume separate responsibilities

Metro funding

Other sources of revenue Sale of 4 FSI proposed for 500 mtr stretch on both sides of metro

corridor Property development of Govt. land with 4 FSI & with involvement of

Developers Lease rentals Advertisements Parking rights leasing Co-branding rights to corporates 50% cess on tax for registration of vehicles Surcharge on fuel (petrol, diesel, CNG) Metro tax @ 2% on pay rolls of all establishments with more than 100

employees Surcharge @ 10% on luxury tax on earnings of Star hotels Professional tax @ 1% Surcharge on property tax Entry tax on all commercial vehicles…….

Do we want all this to happen in Pune?

Vanaz-Ramwadi Elevated Metro

IMPACTSProject to be implemented through fully developed areas and along

highly congested routes Great hardships, inconvenience and unsafe conditions for citizens during

construction phase as well as losses due to various reasonsSafety risk, health risk, mental trauma for citizensShifting of utilities - a major problemDemolition of buildings, land acquisition, rehabilitationCutting of treesViolation of fire safety norms and DC rulesTraffic congestion will increase – during construction and even afterBus service and BRT will be affected – further shift to private vehicles? Visual pollutionCity skyline permanently damagedFuture options on road permanently closed

Learnings & Conclusion

Decision making in most urban local bodies (ULBs) needs to be transparent and participative, as not being done in case of Pune.

Decision making needs to be scientific rather than on an ad-hoc approach.

Despite guidelines to the contrary from MoUD, transport planning in most Indian cities is done in separate project silos with different modes being treated independently rather than as parts of a single integrated solution.

Least‐cost planning considering supply and demand side options has to be done in order to reduce burden on aam junta. This should be done accounting for the socio-economic impact this project will account for.

Conclusion There is a big question mark both on Vanaz-Ramwadi metro route

and elevated metro on this route. Hence implementation of metro as per present DMRC report is not in city’s interests.

Alternatives - How should Metro plan be ? Bus for shorter distances where road width insufficient for metro Other routes outside core city areas can be considered for metro eg.

HCMTR (High capacity mass transit route), ring road etc. In case necessary to run metro in developed areas with congested

roads, it should be underground only. It can be elevated on city outskirts where road width more than 40 mtr. Surface metro should be considered if sufficient road width is available

Metro

Vanaz-Ramwadi Elevated Metro

What needs to be done –

• Independent study and appraisal of DMRC report by third party experts

• Citizens should be given adequate opportunity to present and explain their suggestions and objections to the expert committee

• Study for techno-economic evaluation of alternatives with cost-benefit analysis

• PMC should take people into confidence and give information about the metro project and impacts in a language and format they will understand

• Final decision about Metro should only be taken based on above independent studies and in consultation with the public

Metro very costly irreversible project and decision will impact city tremendously

No response from Government to suggestions, objections submittedDecision if proved wrong later would be disastrous for the city. Ultimately it is

we citizens who will sufferMetro if later found unviable and not useful for majority of citizens, would be a

permanent back-breaking financial burden for the city - And basic traffic problem will remain unsolved and get worse

Once Tenders are floated and contract awarded, it becomes very difficult to stop the project

Normally citizens wake up only when work reaches their door step and it is too late by then

Everyone should understand what is being planned, what is most likely to happen, how it will affect us as citizens and the city as a whole...

Please think and decide whether you want all this to happen… And speak out, react before it is too late !

Wake up call for Pune

Thank you