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Chng 5THC HNH NGH NGHIP

(cho k s CNTT 2006-2007)by Nguyn Vn Minh Mn

Nguyn Tun Anh

Nhp mn cng tc k s

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Ba cu hi cn bn

Thc Hnh Ngh Nghip (THNN) l g?

Ti sao cn THNN?

Lm th no tn dng (lm tt) giai on ny?

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Ni dung tm tt

Phn A: T VN (Thut ng, nim v l do)

Phn B: NHIM V SINH VIN KHI I THC TP (cc giai on chnh cn lm)

Phn C: THIT LP H S VSON THO BO CO

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Ni dung tm tt

Phn D: Thc tp tt nghip

Phn E: Lun n tt nghip

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Phn A: T VN

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T VN

Thut ngThc hnh ngh nghip (THNN) c hiu l

1) Thc tp Cng Nghip (Industry Internship) 2) Thc tp ngh nghip (Professional Int.)

Chng ta dng thut ng 1) trong sut bi ging ny.

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THC HNH NGH NGHIP: nim (supervised off - campus experience) L khong thi gian (eg., 10 tun hay

mt hc k) sinh vin ri nh trng n mt x nghip hay cng ty (an industry factory or a firm) :

a/ quan st cc qutrnh thc gia:

* ngi-ngi (human-human relationships), * ngi-my (human-machine, technology, process),

b/ tin hnh vi cngvic c tnh chtthc tin lin quann lnh vc hpca h

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ng c ca vic

THC HNH NGH NGHIP

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S tam gic

Motivation =

Goals

Benefits Opportunities

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Ti sao k s cn THNN?Mc tiu (Goals)

Cc k s tng lai cn thu lm: MT1. quan st v lm quen vi cc cng

vic xy ra trong thc tin trong chuyn mn hp ca h (to get their feet wet);

Cc vic ny c th l: 1) nghin cu PTN (laboratory-based research), 2) kho st cc vn lin quan n kinh doanh

(research in related business aspects, such as commercialization, or market analysis to get deals )

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Mc tiu ca THNN

MT2. xy dng cc quan h (s khi, u tin) m c th hu ch cho cng vic tng lai ca h (develop their industrial network).

Lu 1: Quan h SV- Nh my l quan hhai chiu, i.e., khi sv thu t c cc mc tiu ny, bn thn x nghip v gii cng nghip cng c nhiu iu li!

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Tho lun 1: pht trin kin rng quan h SV-nh

my l hai chiu, minh ha bi nhiu tnh hung (student-firm relationship is bilateral) v gii thch.

Li ch khi t hai mc tiu Nhn xt: tuy nhin, li ch SV c c

ph thuc vo chuyn mn hp.

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Li ch khi t hai mc tiu:Th d A: SV cng ngh thng tin

MT1: t cc m hnh l thuyt n cc cng ngh mi

MT2: nh sn xutphn mm tip cn cc nhn cng tim nng ca h

e.g., algebraically relational databases to MySQL or Oracle

e.g., outsourcing firms meet their potential employees

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Li ch khi Sinh Vin ton i TTCN(hay mt khoa hc khc)

MT1: t ton l thuyt ti ton ng dng,

MT2: cu ni cho Cng Nghip tip xc ton hc gia

MT1 + MT2: ph bin v khuyn khch cc ngh nghip ngoi ging dy v nghin cu

participate in mathematically interesting work in an industrial setting

provide a pipeline for industry affiliates to the top mathematics students

publicize and promote non-academic career paths in mathematics or theoretical sciences

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Thc Hnh Cng Nghip Opportunities

Sinh vin c c hi :a/ p dng cc nguyn l & phng php c trangb vo cc tnh hung thc;

valuable chance to applymethodologiesinto specific andrealistic situations

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Opportunities ...

b/ t trc nghim mnh bng cc i lng (responses) tht (self-evaluation), trn

kin thc (human & machine,human & process),

kh nng cng tc vi ng nghip

(human-human relationships)

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Thc Hnh Cng Nhip cho sinh vin c hi

c/so snh nng lc ca mnh (sau nhiu nm t

trang b kin thc l thuyt)

vi cc nhu cu thc tin m x nghip hay cng nghip i hi

matching yourcapability withpractical demand

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Tm tt cho phn ng c ca TTCN:

Goals

Benefits Opportunities

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Phn B: NHIM V SINH VIN KHI I

THC TP

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CC BC CHNH KHI I THC TP

CHUN B TRC KHI I

VIC CN LM TRONG LC THC TP Tham d cc hot ng

VIC CN LM SAU KHI THC TPThit lp h s v son bo co (Part C)

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CHUN B TRC thc tp

Tm hiu thng tin vx nghip mnh sp ti thc tp

Hoch nh k hochphi lm (nhim v vhot ng ch yu)

Cc vic chun b cn thit khc

Thng tinQuan trng & Th yu

i.e., u tin ca cngvic thc hin

i.e., o qun, phng tin lm vic

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Quan trng: Tn, lnh vc hot ng (hp & rng),

Quy m: doanh shng nm, li rng

Nhn lc: s lng nhn vin, trnh ,

TM HIU THNG TIN VX NGHIP

PSV, software outsourcing for US, Japan; software industry

2M USD/year, 200000USD/year

500 employees (picture of 2005); majority are SEs (just for illustration)

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Th yu: Thng tin v ban

gim c Cu trc ca cng ty Lch s v tim nng

pht trin

TM HIU THNG TIN VX NGHIP

Vinamilk (a dairy firm) has

a female managing director,

has 5 major divisions; found 1998, could be

quite competentone in 2005-2010

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Bn mun lm g ti x nghip trong vi tun na?

Ty theo bn cht ngnh ngh, bn c th:1/ Quan st quy trnh sn xut chnh2/ Tip xc v trao i vi cc phng ban

v hot ng c th ca h3/ Thu thp d liu v phn tch v quy

trnh k thut hay hot ng thng mi ...

HOCH NH K HOCH S LM

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HOCH NH K HOCH S LMTho lun 1: Ngoi ba mc tiu nh trn,

th ngh thm hai mc tiu (tng qut) khc

Thc hnh vit 1 (Assignment 1): Vi mi mc tiu nh vy, hy m tmt ngnh cng nghip c th m bn (tng tng) s n thc tp vo thng ti, cng hot ng chi tit

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CC CHUN B KHCa/ vit th xin thc tp

(internship forms)b/ xem li bn l lch

(resume/cover letter)c/ xc nh cc mc mun thc tp cng vi mc tiu cn t c, trn vn bn

d/ chun b trang phc cn thit v phng tin di chuyn

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CC CHUN B KHC

Tho lun 2: Gi nh bn s n thc tp ti mt trong hai cng ty A v B trong ngnh cng nhip (c lin quan chuyn mn ca bn), nhng A v B c mt s im khc bit.

Thc hnh vit 2:Hy hon thnh hay m t chi tit (gi nh) cc mc t (a) ti (c) ni trn vi bng ting Vit v bng ting Anh.

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B.2 HOT NG X NGHIP

Mc tiu chnh: hon thnh cc mc tiu/nhim v t

xc nh B.1, hay theo yu cu ca gio vin; v quan trng hn, sinh vin

(luyn tp vic) hi nhp vo mi trng cng nghip

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KHUN KH HOT NG CA Sinh Vin

Tnh hung chun: Nh my c mt cn b hng dn

(contact person): gip SV hi nhp, cung cp cc thng tin ch yu v nh my

Nh trng c mt gio vin ph trch : (guidance teacher) theo di v nh gihot ng ca SV, iu chnh liu lng thc tp, nu cn.

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Tho lun 3.

Bn nn lm g nu mc tiu t ra l

qu t (bn thc thi xong trc thi hn hay cm thy qu n gin vnhm chn)? hay

qu nhiu (bn khng th hon thnh kp thi gian)?

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Lm th no hi nhp tt vo hot ng XN

1) Phn tch tng quan nhim v v bi cnh (fitting or reviewing your plan prepared at home, in comparison with practical situations you are faced then)

2) Lu cch thc hi/phng vn/giao tipLm th no bit c cc thng tin qu butrong mt thi gian ngn nht? [Crucial point!]

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Hc hi cc hot ng chnh ca X Nghip (XN) bn ang thc tp

3) lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca XN (reviewing, validating your known data)

4) cu trc thc t ca XN (firms organizational structure)

5) sn phm ch lc (major products), v6) cng ngh chnh ang v s s dng

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C gng tham d vo7) cc bc pht trin ca mt d n ang

trin khai (projects' developments: plan, methods, solutions)

1) quan st cc qu trnh sn xut (observingmanufacturing or service processes)

2) vic vn hnh my mc (operatingmachines, devices, facilities), v

10) vit nht k thc tp hay lm vic (working diary) mi ngy [n iu nhng rt hu ch]

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Ba lut vng khi i TTCN

Cung cch hi/phng vn/giao tip khn ngoan & khim tn:(1/ & 2/)

Tranh th thu lm kin thc (t thc tin, lut 3/ ti 9/)

Ghi nht k:

v kinh nghim hc

qua ngi i trc l t tn km v i khi v gi;

trng hc khng cung cp c, cng ngh tin qunhanh

cn cho bo co thc tp sau ny

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Phn C: THIT LP H S V SON THO BO CO

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THIT LP H S VSON THO BO CO

Hai cu hi chnh:

Ti sao phi vit bo co thc tp (Why)?

V lm th no vit tt (How)?

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Ti sao phi vit bo co thc tp?

Bo co thc tp (BCTT) cn thit: chng tSV c hon thnh nhim v khng? V hon thnh ti mc no? Cc l do gii thch.

T gc sinh vin: nhn li vic lm, u (kin thc vng ) vkhuyt (quan h vi ng nghip tt?),

Mc tiu o to l tng: sinh vin phi thhin trung thc kt qu lm c, dm ngh dm lm, cng vi s t phn tch, nhn xt kinh nghim

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T gc ging vin

Gio vin c c s nh gi ni dung l thuyt (LT, trng) v ni dung thc hnh (TH, x nghip) c ph hp khng

s phi thit k (thm/bt) li khi kin thc LT nu mn hc no cha c, hay l thi lng cha (hay qu d);quyt nh ngnh cng nghip s gi SV cho nm ti

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V lm th no vit BCTN tt?

Lu 3 im chnh: Ni dung Cu trc, v Hnh thcSV cn:

vit c ng v ni dung cu trc mch lc, vhnh thc n gin

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lm th no vit BCTN tt?

Ni dung:cc cht liu gp nht c (t cc quan st, cuc tho lun), cc xut ca bn

Cu trc bi BCTNMc lcLi ni u (abstract)Gii thiu chi tit tiThn ca bo coKt lunTi liu tham khoPh lc

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Gii thiu chi tit ti Ni r i tng nghin cu, cc mc

tiu (goals) mun t ti, gii hn tm vc (scopes) va trong mt lnh vc (theme, discipline) rng hn.

M t vn tt b cc (Outline) ca bo co

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Thn ca bo co Gm cc chng chnh ca bo co. Thng dng 3 k thut trnh by:

Khng & thi gian (eg, t thng 6 ti thng 9)L thuyt v kt qu ng dng (eg., review works of others and your solution)Ch l gii nhng im chnh v lin quan (relevant) bng cc so snh (bng, s liu, hnh nh )

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Kt lun Vic bn lm Vic c th pht trin t

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lm th no vit BCTN tt? (2) Hnh thc bi BCTN

Mch lc l s lin kt cht ch cc chng

Tn mi chng mc phi phn nh ni dung

Vn phong n gin (cu ngn!) nhng phi c ngha,

Dng t chnh xc (tuyt i li chnh t, li nh my; c bit l cc thut ng dch sai).

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Th d 1: Li m u (bad)Ton hc l lnh vc rng ln pht trin t rt lu. Vo nhngnm 70 (AI?) ln lt nhng xut gii php gii quyt cc vn thuc v lp trnh bng cch a v cc bi ton tm nghimnguyn vi cc rng buc. Gii php ny dn hnh thnh v phttrin ti ngy nay vi tn gi quy hoch nguyn (IntegerProgramming, IP)Trong bi TTTN ny chng ti s ch ra nh th no l mt biton IP, tm hiu cc cch gii quyt mt bi ton IP c ara v ng dng vo bi ton thit lp mt h thng my rt tinATM. Qua gip cc bn phn no thy c vn IP v khnng, hiu qu ca n.

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Th d 2: Tng kt (good)Trong ti ny chng ti nghin cu xy dng mt ng dng

nhm p dng m hnh thit k nhn t (factorial design) votrong sn xut. Chng ti mong mun tit kim chi ph v thigian trong qu trnh nghin cu, sn xut nhng sn phm mi

Chng ti xy dng website vi mc ch cung cp cho ngidng mt tp cc th nghim (experimental runs) ng vi s lng nhn t v mc ca chng do ngi dng cung cp (d liu ph hp vi cc thit k chng ti c kh nng cung cp), v kh nng tng tc vi chng trnh m phng tc ng ca cc nhn t.

Trong tng lai, chng ti hi vng c th a ra gc nhn trc quan sinh ng hn v m phng tc ng ca cc nhn tdi dng th

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Phn D: Thc tp tt nghip

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Yu cu (1) Sinh vin s phi bo co thc tp trc mt

hi ng Thnh phn hi ng

Gio vin hng dnGio vin b mnC th c i din cc cng ty m ti c lin quan

Sinh vin cn chng tKh nng tip thu, hc hi kin thc mi qua ti thc tpNm vng kin thcK nng thuyt trnh mt vn

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Yu cu (2)

Thi gian trnh byKhong 30 pht gm:

Trnh by ti v cc ni dung thc hin (15-20 pht)

Tr li cht vn ca hi ng (10-15 pht)nh gi ca hi ng (hp kn, 5 pht)

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Chun b bo co (1)

Xc nh c th thi gian s trnh by La chn ni dung trnh by

Ph hp mc tiu tiPh hp thi gian

T kim tra kin thc v tiQua trao i bn b v nhng ngi clin quanTr li cc cu hi

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Chun b bo co (2)

Tp th thuyt minhMi bn b gp cc k nng thuyt minhQuay video/ ghi mKim tra b cc v thi gian

T l cc phn trnh by hp l?Nu c cc kt qu ca tiTrnh by r rng, khng mp mTrung thc

Suy ngh trc cc cu hi v cc khuyt im ca ti

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Phn trnh by trc hi ng (1)

Gii thiu v cng ty v mi trng lm vic Cc mc tiu cng vic c giao

c giao nhng cng vic g?Cng vic c vai tr nh th no trong cng ty mmnh thc tp

Cng vic thc hin phn thc tp Mnh lm c g?Li ch vic thc tp ra sao?Mnh cha lm c g? Nguyn nhn?

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Phn trnh by trc hi ng (2)

Cc phng phpBin lun phng php s dng

So snh cc phng php chn ra phng php ti u

Cc kh khn v bin php vt qua n Kt qu t c

So snh vi mc tiu t raTha mn 100% mc tiu t raNu cha tha mn: nguyn nhn?

Hng pht trin tip theo ca cng vic

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Cc ch khi trnh by

S dng ngn ng r rng, mch lc Xc nh i tng nghe

i tng nghe c th c cc nn tng chuyn mn khc nhauKhng nn qu i vo chi tit m qun ci tng quan, ton cc ca cng vic

Ch lm r cc mc tiu v bin lun phng php s dng

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Tr li cc cu hi ca hi ng

Cc cu hi thng lin quan nChi tit k thut Kha cnh tng qut hn ca tiCc cng vic v iu kin thc tpCc cch t chc cng vic ca sinh vinKh nng t ch trong lm vicKh nng hi nhp v lm vic theo nhm

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Tr li cc cu hi ca hi ng Sinh vin cn:

Kh nng bin lun v bo v kin ca mnhSn sng tip thu cc khuyt imHiu r cu hi v tr li trc tip, khng lng vngNm vng cng vic

Kh nng tng hp 1 phn bi bo coBnh lun, nhn xt cc chi tit ca bo co

Nn nh: sinh vin l ngi truyn t thng tin v hi ng l ngi tip nhn thng tin

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Cc tiu chun nh gi ca bo co

S nng ng ca sinh vin Kh nng lp lun Trnh k thut, kh nng tip thu Kh nng thich nghi S nhy bn Cch c x

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Phn E: Lun n tt nghip

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Thc hin lun n Lun n tt nghip

Cng trnh u tin c gi tr ca ngi k s ti do thy hng dn a ra

Sinh vin cnT tm ti liu, sch tham kho

Th vinInternet

Ch ng ln k hoch thc hin v tham kho kin thy hng dnVn dng cc kin thc c hcTip thu kin thc miCh ng tm ti, gii quyt cc vn k thut

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La chn ti Sinh vin cn tr li cc cu hi:

Ti c quen thuc vi lnh vc ca ti?Sau khi tt nghip ti mun lm tip theo hng ny?Ti hiu cc yu cu ca ti?Ti c cm gic rng ti s thc hin c cc bc?

Sinh vin c th tham kho cc thy ra ti tm hiu chi tit

Khi cu tr li l c cho cc cu hi trn: sinh vin sn sng nhn ti

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Qu trnh lm lun n nh gi tin thc hin

So snh vi k hochThng bo kp thi vi gio vin hng dn khi thy chm tin i chiu thi gian thc hin vi cc kt qu trung gian

Bo co gia kBo co b mnSinh vin cn phi thc hin trn 50% lng cng vic c tip tc

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Qu trnh lm lun n

c lpKhng l thuc vo thy hng dnT xc nh cc cng vic chnh cn lm

Sng toTm kim cc gii php ti uGii quyt cc vn thc tin t ra

T tm hiu v gii quyt cc kh khn

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Lp k hoch chi tit Xc nh cc cng vic chnh c lng thi gian thc hin Xc nh cc mc trung gian v cc kt qu d kin t c

thi im S dng biu m t

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Cc bc thc hin Xc nh lnh vc mun lm ti Chn ti Tm hiu cc yu cu t ra ca ti Phn tch cc yu cu, nhim v chnh

v kt qu cn t c ca cc nhim v

Ln k hoch chi tit v thi gian biuTho lun v thng nht vi gio vin hng dn

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Cc bc thc hin (2)

La chn cc phng nCng nghK thutMi trng thc thi

Thc hin cc nhim v t raTh nghimnh gi, o c cc kt quSo snh vi cc kt qu hin c

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Cc bc thc hin (3) Vit lun n

Thc thi song song vi cc nhim vKhi lm n u nn bt u vit n

Cc phn chnh ca 1 lun nPhn l thuytPhn thc thi (thit k, phn tch, xy dng chng trnh,)Cc kt qu thu c, anh gi, so snhnh gi li cc cng vic thc hin so vi mc tiu ban uKh nng ng dng thc tPh lc v ti liu tham kho

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Cc bc thc hin (4)

Vit lun vnTrung thc khi vit

Ngn ng s dng r rngCc phn trch dn phi lit k c th t ngun noXc nh r ci no l kt qu ca mnh, ci no l kt qu ca ngi khc

Tp trung vo m t cc cng vic ca tiKhng nn vit qu di (

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Cc bc thc hin (6)

Cch thc trch dn tham kho (1):I. Gii ThiuTnh ton li (Grid computing) [FoKe 04][Bern 03] l mt xu hng mi, sdng cc ti nguyn phn b gii quyt cc bi ton ln trong khoa hc i sng, nhm chia s tri thc v thc hin cc cng vic mang tnh cng tc (collaborative works) trn th gii....VI. Kt lun...Ti liu tham kho[Bern 03] Bernman, F. and Hey, T. and Fox, G., Grid Computing Making the Global Infrastructure a Reality, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2003.[FoKe 04] Foster, I. and Kesselman, C., The Grid 2 Blueprint for a new Computing Infrastructure, the 2nd edition, Morgan Kaufmann, 2004.

Cc bc thc hin (7)

Cch thc trch dn tham kho (2):I. Gii ThiuTnh ton li (Grid computing) [1][2] l mt xu hng mi, s dng cc ti nguyn phn b gii quyt cc bi ton ln trong khoa hc i sng, nhm chia s tri thc v thc hin cc cng vic mang tnh cng tc (collaborative works) trn th gii....VI. Kt lun...Ti liu tham kho[1] Bernman, F. and Hey, T. and Fox, G., Grid Computing Making the Global Infrastructure a Reality, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2003.[2] Foster, I. and Kesselman, C., The Grid 2 Blueprint for a new Computing Infrastructure, the 2nd edition, Morgan Kaufmann, 2004.

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Bo v lun n tt nghip

Cng vic cui cng ca mt sinh vin trc khi tr thnh k s

Sinh vin cn chng t cc phm cht cn c ca 1 ngi k s

Kh nng nhn thc cc kin thc miKh nng tng hpKh nng suy lunTnh sng to

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Bo v tt nghip

Khi bo v, sinh vin cn tp trung nu bt c:

S hiu bit su, rng v lnh vc nghin cu ca tiTnh khoa hc ca ti

p dng thc tinHng pht trin tng lai ca ti

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Vit lun n

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K nng vit lun n

Vit 1 cch logic v sc tch Vit r rng v c ng S dng cc s , th Phong cch vit

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Tnh logic ca bi vit

Nhm cc thng tin tng t nhau li thnh cc cm

T chc cc cm thng tin theo th tlogic

Kim tra mi mt on vn, mi mt cu vn ch din t mt v ch mt

Lin kt cc li bng cc cu, t ni

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Mt bi vit logic khi

Cc c sp xp hp l theo th t Ni dung c chuyn t ht mt im

ny sang 1 im khc c lin quan Lin h r rng gia cc Khng c cc l hng trong bi vit

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R rng, mch lc

Khi vit cnXc nh r cc im mun trnh byS dng ng t m t mt hnh ngQuan tm n ai s c bi vit

Nn trnhD tha t ng

Dng 2, 3 cu din t mt Dng cc t khng cn thit

Lp li nuDng cc t ng mp mXy dng cu qu di

Mt on vn ch c 1 cu!

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T chc cc

T chc theo hnh cyXc nh cc chnh

Cc dn chng cho mi C th phn thnh nhiu cp

im chnh

h trCc dn chng, l l thuyt phc

im ni cc

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Cch sp xp, t chc Theo thi gian Theo mc tru tng

T tng qut n c thT c th n tng qut

Nguyn nhn -> h qu So sch, i chiu Theo khng gian

lin minh u Chu (EU), tnh ton li l mc tiu chin lc Ti chu , vic nghin cu Grid cng c y mnh ti .

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Cc t ni

Hng i ca /phn k tipCng 1 hng vi hin tiNgc vi hng hin tiChun b i n kt lunThay i mc tru tng ca

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V d Kim tra tnh logic, s mch lc ca on vn sau

Grid l mt c s h tng c s dng trong vic tnh ton v qun l d liu. Grid cho php ta chng ta lin kt cc ngun ti nguyn li vi nhau thnh mt th thng nht nhm gii quyt cc bi ton ln, cc khi d liu ln, v cc ng dng phn b.Ta cn phn bit Grid vi Cluster.

Cluster cng lm vic da trn vic lin kt cc ti nguyn nhng cc ti nguyn ny c thit k ch nhm phuc v cho vic tnh ton ca Cluster. V cc ti nguyn ny phi ng nht, vd nh cc siu my tnh lin kt li vi nhau.

Grid khng cn tnh cht ng nht, n c th s dng bt k ngun ti nguyn no v cc ti nguyn ny khng nht thit ch phuc v cho cng vic tnh ton ca Grid. Vd nh SuperNodeII ca trng BK khi tham gia vo mng li ca Grid th c th nhn cng vic t Grid. Nhng n chc th nhn nhim v khi rnh tc l trng BK khng giao nhim v gcho n.

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S dng th, biu

minh ha r ngha cc Khi trnh by cc m hnhKhi trnh by cc kt qu o c

Phi thuyt minh ngha ca cc thnh phn trong biu , th

Hng ngi c cch lnh hi cc thng tin

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Phong cch vit Xc nh r i tng c gi v loi

bi vitVit khoa hc

T ng chnh xc, c ngS dng cc thut ng chuyn mnT ng k thut

Vit cho cng chngDng cc t ng bnh d, d hiu, d tip thuTrnh i vo qu chi tit

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Trnh by lun n trc hi ng

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Trc khi bo co. Bo co cho ai nghe?

Mt hi ng chm lun nMt cng ty tuyn ngiCc ng nghip

Ngi nghe mong i g t bo co ny?nh gi kt qu ca ngi trnh byKim tra tin cng vicTm hiu thng tin v 1 lnh vc

Mc chi tit

Thng tin mnh mun truyn ti c ph hp vi i tng ngi nghe khng?

1-86

Cc k nng trnh by bo co

La chn chin lc bo co Cu trc bo co thch hp La chn phng tin bo co To cc hiu ng trc quan Cc im ch khi bo co Tr li cu hi

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1-87

Chin lc bo co

Phn tch ng cnh

Ngi nghe

Mc hiu bit

Mc tiuBo co

Ng cn

h

1-88

Chin lc bo co (2) La chn t l trnh by

Kin thc chung lin quanPhng php thc hinCc kt qu t c

Cch trnh byXc nh r i tng nghe l ai?Mc chi tit k thut

Ph thuc vo ngi nghe

Cu trcBao nhiu phn? Phn no trc, phn no sau?

Th t phi c sp xp 1 cch logic

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1-89

Chin lc bo co (3)

Cc dn chng i n cc kt lun

Cc kt lun c h tr bi cc dn chng

Thuyt phc ngi nghe

Cc bc thc hin, kt quchnh

Kt qu chnh, k n l cc bc thc hin

Cung cp thng tin

Gin tipTrc tip

1-90

Cu trc bo co

Khung chnh 1 bo coGii thiu

ng lcCc thng ip chnhSn ni dung s trnh by

Phn chnhiu chnh mc chi tit ph thuc vo ngi ngheTun theo sn ni dung nu phn gii thiu

Kt lunCc im chnh yu t cCc nhc imHng pht trin tng lai

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1-91

Phng tin bo co

Giy knhu

D dng, rLinh hot trong th t bo co, d dng thay i th t cc slideD nhn trong phng nhiu nh sng

NhcTr ngi trong vic chuyn slidesnh cht lng khng ttCc hiu ng trc quan km

1-92

Phng tin bo co

My chiu ni vi my tnhu

D dng, rC th sa ni dung vo pht chtHiu ng trc quan tt, hnh nh sinh ng

Nhc sng cao trong phng nh hng n kh nng nhnKhng tin cy bng dng giy knh

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1-93

Hiu ng trc quan Ni dung phi nhn r

Ch font ch, kch thc font, kch thc hnh nh

nh dng cc slides phi nht qun Tiu cc slides phi ph hp vi ni dung S dng mu sc nhn mnh

Tuy nhin: KHNG lm dng mu sc S dng cc hiu ng c bit

Hot ha cc chi tit cn thit (Animation)C th s dng m thanh to s ch

S dng hnh v thay cho vn bnS dng th, biu minh ha

1-94

Cc ch khi thuyt minh Khi ni

Ging ni r rng, khng qu cao, qu thpNhn mnh ng chTri chy

C ch, thi Tn trng ngi ngheT tinKhng ng bt ngCc iu bMt nn nhn v pha ngi nghe v lun thay i hng nhnBiu th qua nt mt

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1-95

Tr li cu hi, cht vn Ln k hoch v chun b

c lng thi gian v s lng cu hiChun b sn cc hng ngi nghe s hi

Khi tr liLng nghe cn thn ton b cu hi

Nu cha hiu r cu hi: hi li ngi t cu hi lm r Suy ngh trong khi lng nghe

C th ngng li 1 cht suy ngh nhng khng qu luThnh thc vi nhng g mnh khng bitNhng cu hi khng thch hp

Tr li ngn ngn, khng dy daTrnh bin phn tr li thnh cuc i thoi vi 1 ngi

Kt thc phn cu hiTng kt li cc im chnh yu lin quan