nhac ly dien giai

Phm c Huyn

Nhc L Din Gii

Ch Huy Hp Xng

Nhc L Din Gii - Phm c Huyn

2

Phm c Huyn

Nhc L Din Gii


3

Ni Dung Bn c Tnh ca m Thanh 5 Du lng 9 Khung Nhc 17 Cng 20 Kho Nhc 22 Du Ha (accidentals) 27 Nhp v Phch 31 Qung Nhc 38 m Giai 47

m giai Trng 48 Chu K qung 5 55 m giai th 57 Thnh Lp m Giai 62 By Th Nhc 65 Tm m Giai Ca Mt Bi Ht 67 m Th Ca Bi ht vi B kha thng 70 Thnh Lp m giai vi cc du Ging 72 Tm m Th Trng vi B kha ging 76 Hp m 79 Chu K Qung 5 v Hp m Tng ng 82 Hp m 7th 83 Cc Loi Hp m 7 trong m giai Trng 85 Hp m 7 trong cc loi m giai Th 86 Hp m 9, 11,13 88 Hp m Suspended 89 Hp m Tng 91 Hp m Gim 92 Hp m 6 Trng 94 Hp m 6 Th 95 Hp m 7 - Dn chng 96 Hp m 7 Trng (Vmaj 7) 97 Hp m 7 Th (Vm7) 98 Cch Vit v Cch c cc Hp m Nghch 100 Nhng Nt Ngoi Hp m 101 Gii Kt 107 Chuyn Hp m 110 Phn Tch Din Tin Bc i Ca Cc Hp m 113 Chuyn ng nt nn 115 t Hp m 119 Tuyt Vi m Thnh 120 Chui Ngc Vng Kinh 121 Cnh Hoa Tuyt Vi 123 Hn Hoan Tng Bng 125


4

Tng Nim Tnh Cha 126 Hin Mu La Vang 127 Hy Vng ng 128 Bng Hng Dng M 129 Ct Ting Ha Ca 131 Con Ch L To Vt 133 Ca Dao M Du Hin 134 Khc Ca Dng M 136 Ting Nhc Oai Hng 137 Hang B-Lem 140

Ca Khc Trm Hng 143 ng C Ti 145 Lng Nghe Li Cha 147 Xin Vng 148

B Xanh T Ti 149 Ave Maria (Franz Schubert - Vy H) 150 Ave Maria 151

I Heard It Through The Grapevine 152

Love Story 155

Winter Night Song 157

Show Me The Way 159

You and I 163 Flower Song 165


5

Nhc L Din Gii Phm c Huyn Bn c Tnh ca m Thanh m thanh c cc c tnh sau :

- Cao (pitch) : mc cao thp ca m thanh - Trng (duration) : mc di ngn ca m thanh

- Cng (amplitude) : mnh nh ca m thanh - m Sc (timbre) : mu sc ca m thanh : bun vui, sng ti

Trng m Thanh

- Trng ca m thanh : m thanh c chia ra lm 7 trng khc nhau t di nht ti ngn nht.

- Tn nt c t cho cc k hiu v trng ny nh sau :

. nt trn (whole note)

. nt trng (half note)

. nt en (quarter note)

. nt mc (eighth note)

. nt mc 2 (16th note)

. nt mc 3 (32nd note)

. nt mc 4 (64th note)

Hnh Nt Trng nt c cc hnh nt nh sau :


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Trng Nt

- Gi tr trng gia cc hnh nt nhc :

- Trng ca m thanh (nt nhc) c chia ra lm 7 bc chnh, v c nhng tn nh sau :

- Nt Trn (whole note): di nht

- Nt Trng (half note): bng phn na ca nt Trn. - Nt en (quarter note): bng 1/4 nt trn, hay 1/2 nt trng - Nt Mc (eighth note): bng 1/8 nt trn, hay 1/2 nt en - Nt Mc 2 (sixteenth note): bng 1/16 nt trn, hay 1/2 nt mc. - Nt Mc 3 (thirty second note): bng 1/32 nt trn, hay 1/2 nt mc 2. - Nt Mc 4 (sixty fourth note): bng 1/64 nt trn, hay 1/2 nt mc 3.


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Trng nt c chm C th thm mt hay hai du chm ng sau ca nt nhc tng thm trng ca nt nhc ln.

- Nu nt nhc c 1 du chm, th tng gi tr trng nt ln thm mt na na.

- Nu nt nhc c 2 chm, th tng gi tr nt ln 3/4.

Th d :

Hnh not nhac qua dong thi gian

* Cc biu hnh nt c xa

Punctum Virga Pes Clivis Torculus Porectus Climacus Scandicus


8

* Bieu Hnh Qua Dong Lch S


9

* Hnh nt c thay i t th k 13 n nay

Du lng (Rest Duration)

- Cc du lng tng ng vi hnh nt :


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* Tng quan gi tr trng gia cc du lng :

- Du lng c thi gian ngh lu

. Th d ngh 5 nhp hoc 21 nhp (trng canh) ngi ta ghi

. Th d ngh 21 nhp (trng canh) ngi ta ghi :

- Du lng chung cho c mt nhp

Thng dng du lng tng ng vi hnh nt ngh, nhng ngh c mt nhp (trng canh), c th dng chung mt du lng trn d l nhp g :


11

My du lin quan n Trng

Du ni (tie) : ni 2 nt cng cao vi nhau Du luyn (slur) : ht lin ging nhng ch hoc nhng nt nm trong du luyn, c cao khc nhau, khng ngt ra. Du ly (grace note) : ly tht nhanh, du ly khng tnh vo gi tr trng ca trng canh. Du chm lu (fermata cn gi hold hoc birds eye) : ngn di bao nhiu ty .

Du luyn v du phn cu

Lp Li Cng Cao

Lp li cng mt cao (cho b g - percussion)


12

Lp Li Tng Nhm Nt - Dng k hiu 2 gch xo khng phi vit li nhiu ln :

Lp Li Ca O Nhp - Cch vit tt din tu trong mt nhp (trng canh) :

Lp Li Nh O Nhp Trc

Lp li c on ri n tip tc


13

Lp li t u ri nhy qua nhp mang s 2

Cc Ch Vit Tt


14

Hnh (Tempo)

. Ty theo bi ht nhanh chm m tc gi t con s. . C th chm vi con s 60 52 . C th nhanh vi con s 120 - 140

Din t nhanh chm


15

Nhp t do


16

Ni Kt Cc Nhm nt nhc (Beam notes)

. T nt mc (8th note) tr ln, ngi ta c th dng cc du gch ngang ni cc nt li thnh tng nhm, tng trng canh ( nhp)

. Thng ni cc nt trong mt phch li vi nhau

Cao

- m thanh c chia ra 7 cao khc nhau. - Nhc Ty Phng, ngi ta phn chia cao ca m thanh thnh 7 bc chnh. Mi bc c t cho mt tn khc nhau (nhc tht m): R MI FA SOL LA SI.

- Cc m thanh c th cao hn hay thp hn, nhng cng ch c 7 tn gi: 1 R1 Mi1 Fa1 Sol1 La1 Si1 2 R2 Mi2 Fa2 Sol2 La2 Si2 3 R3, vv...

- T 1 ti 2 gi l mt bt (octave, qung, 8 nt) . Trung bnh ging ca con ngi ta ch c th ht cao c 2 Octaves l ti a.


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Khung Nhc (Dng K Nhc)

Cao m thanh c t trn Dng k nhc (Khung Nhc)

1. Cc nt nhc c ghi trn Dng K Nhc hay Khung Nhc (staff). Mt dng k nhc gm c 5 hng k (line) v 4 khe (space). Nhng nt nhc nm hng k hay khe trn cao, th c cao cao hn cc nt nm di.

2. Hng k v khe nhc c tnh t di ln : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

3. Nhng nt nhc cao qa hay trm qa m mt hng k khng cha , th ngi ta vit nhng nt nhc trn nhng hng k ph hay khe ph.


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4. Trong thc t, nhng nt nhc vit t hng k ph th 3 tr ln kh xc nh v tr v tn nt.

Dng nhc kha Sol vi nhiu dng k ph, kh c

Dng phng cch i kha dng nhc trn d c hn nh sau

Nhn xt dng nhc trc khi i kha

Dng nhc sau khi i sang kha Fa d c hn


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Dng nhc vit kha Fa vi nhiu ng k ph rt kh c.

Dng nhc trn vit li vi kha Sol d c hn

Cng (dynamics)

1. Cng : C nhiu cch din tu khc nhau din t s mnh nh ca mt m thanh:

Marcato: tu mnh v y

Staccato: tu ri v nh tng nt.

Sostenuto: tu mnh ri nh li ngay. Nung nh tng nt.

2. Ngi ta phn chia mnh/nh ca mt cu nhc ra lm 6 bc sau y:

Rt mnh: ff Fortissimo

Mnh: f Forte

Mnh va: mf Mezzo forte

Nh va: mp Mezzo piano

Nh: p Piano

Rt nh: pp Pianissimo

Din t Cng trong cu nhc, bi nhc


20


21

Din t Cng trong tng nt nhc


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Kho Nhc

- u mi hng k nhc, c mt Kha Nhc. Nh nhng kha nhc ny m c th c c cc tn nt trong khung nhc.

- Kha nhc cho bit cao nt trong khung nhc.

- Ty theo m vc ca ging ht hoc cc nhc c m ngi ta s dng cc loi kho nhc khc nhau.

- i vi Hp Ca :

Kha Sol: dng cho cc b n nh Soprano v Alto. Du Sol hng k th 2.

Kha Sol Ricordi hoc c s 8 bn di: dng cho b Tenore (tn cc nt cng ging nh ca kha Sol thng, nhng thp hn mt bt .

Du Sol hng k th 2.

Kha Fa: dng chung cho b Basso v Tenore. Du Fa hng k th t.

- i vi nhc c :

Kha : dng cho nhc c (nh viola) . C th nm bt c hng k no, ty theo loi nhc c.


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Cao Nt Ca Kho Sol v Kho Fa

Sol La Si Do Re Mi Fa Sol La

Fa Sol La Fa Mi Re Do Si La Sol

Kho Sol v Chui m t thp ln cao - Theo h thng ch vn (nh Php,Vit Nam)

Kho Fa v Chui m t thp ln cao - Theo h thng ch vn (nh Php v Vit Nam)

Kho Sol v Tn nt - Theo h thng ch ci (nh Anh, M, c)

Re Mi Fa Sol La Si Do Re Mi Fa Sol


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Kho Fa v Tn nt - Theo h thng ch ci (nh Anh, M, c)

Fa Sol La Si Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Si

Nt Do nm gia 2 kha Fa - Sol gi l Middle C (Do4)

So Snh nt nhc trn phm n


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Kho Do vi Middle C

Kha Nhc cho Ca on v Vch lin kt cc b hp ca : Soprano - Alto - Tenor - Basso

Hng k nhc dng cho n Piano: Khung nhc dng vit cho Piano c 2 hng k hp li, gi l Grand Staff.

Hng k bn trn, c kha Sol, vit cho tay phi (cc nt cao).

Hng k bn di, c kha Fa, vit cho tay tri (cc nt trm).


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Phm n (keyboard) Vi k hiu ca h thng ch vn v ch ci trn phm n

Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Si Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Si Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Si Do

Cung v na cung

Khong cch gia 2 cao c th l 1 cung hoc na cung

Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Si Do Re Mi

- T Mi ti Fa, v t Si ti Do cch nhau na cung

- Khong cch gia cc nt khc l 1 cung (c phm (Key) en gia)

- T Do - Do# l 1/2 cung

T La Si l 1 cung


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Du Ha (accidentals)

Du ho dng thay i cao ca nt nhc. C cc loi du ho: thng, ging, thng kp, ging kp v du bnh

Du thng kp

Du thng

Du bnh

Du ging

Du ging kp

1. Du thng (#): tng nt nhc ln na cung

Th d1: DO ti RE = 1 cung; DO# ti RE = na cung Thi d2: DO ti RE = 1 cung; DO ti RE# = 1 cung ri

2. Du ging (b): gim nt nhc xung na cung

Th d1: DO ti RE = 1 cung; DOb ti RE = 1 cung ri Th d2: DO ti RE = 1 cung; DO ti Reb = na cung

3. Du thng kp (x): tng nt nhc ln 1 cung

Th d1: DO ti RE = 1 cung; DOx ti RE = ng m Thi d2: DO ti RE = 1 cung; DO ti REx = 2 cung

4. Du ging kp (bb): gim nt nhc xung 1 cung

Th d1: DO ti RE = 1 cung; DObb ti RE = 2 cung Th d2: DO ti RE = 1 cung; DO ti Rebb = ng m

5. Du bnh ( ): tr v cao bnh thng (xo b cao ca cc du ho).


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Phn bit 2 loi Bn Cung (Na Cung)

Bn cung ng khi cng tn n t : nh Do Do# Bn cung d khi khc tn nt: E F

Thang m Bn Cung ng Chuyn (Chromatic Scales)

Bn Cung (Na Cung)

n v nh nht ca Qung l na cung Trn phm n Keyboard c nhng phm en v phm trng Hai keys trng nm lin nhau, khng c phm en gia, cch nhau na cung: E-F, B-C Cc phm en ng vai tr nh na cung.


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H thng thang m 12 bn cung - Mt thang m t di ln ( - ) c 12 bn cung

Khc nt, nhng s bn cung bng nhau

ng m, nhng khc tn nt

* Quan st phm n ca Keyboard di

Th d :

- B# = Dbb - Bx = Db = C# - Cx = Ebb - D# = Eb = Fbb - Dx = Fb


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* Tng hai nt khc tn nhng ng m

C# = Db D# = Eb F# = Gb G# = Ab A# = Bb

Bt (Octave) : T ln l mt qung tm.

Cc Nt Ch Cht Ca m Giai C : Do Mi Sol

DO re MI fa SOL la ti DO


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Nhp v Phch

u dng nhc u tin ca mi bi ht, ngi ta ghi S Nhp (Time Signature).

S nhp gm 2 s: S bn trn cho bit s phch (beat) trong mt Nhp ( Nhp cn gi l Trng Canh, measure); s bn di cho bit gi tr ca phch (lin quan vi nt trn.)

S bn trn c th l bt c s no, nhng thng thng hay gp l s 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12.

S bn di (lin quan ti nt trn) c th l: 1 (nt trn); 2 (nt trng, v nt trn bng 2 nt trng); 4 (nt en, v nt trn bng 4 nt en); 8; 16, vv.

Nhng Nhp Thng Gp Ni theo phch (beat), thng thng ch c 3 loi nhp: nhp 2 phch, nhp 3 phch v nhp 4 phch.

Nhp 2/4 : Nhp c 2 phch (beat), mi phch l mt nt en (quarter note). . Phch 1 l phch mnh, phch 2 l phch yu.


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Nhp 3/4: Nhp c 3 phch, mi phch l 1 nt en (quarter note) .

. Phch 1 l phch mnh, phch 2, 3 l phch yu.

Nhp 4/4: Nhp c 4 phch, mi phch l 1 nt en (quarter note).

. Phch 1 l phch mnh

. Phch 3 l phch mnh va.

.

Phn bit nhp n v nhp kp:

- Nhp n :

Nhng nhp c s bn trn l cc s 2, 3 hoc 4, gi l nhp n.

Mi phch c th chia 2


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Tm li, nhng nhp n c s bn trn l 2 3 4.

Nhng nhp n thng hay gp:

Nhp n: Mi phch (beat) c th chia thnh 2 nt nh hn.

Th d: - Nhp 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, mi phch c th chia thnh 2 nt mc (eighth note)


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. Ring nhp 4/4, t hu bn th k 18 (1719) ngi ta s dng ch C (Common time) thay cho 4/4 mt s th loi nhc.

. Nhp 2/1 v 2/2 thng dng cc th nhc hnh khc (marches), nhc giao hng nhanh, ngi ta dng k hiu (Cut time)

- Nhp Kp :

Nhng nhp c cc s bn trn l 6, 9, hoc 12, gi l nhp kp

Tt c nhng s ny u chia chn cho 3, ngha l mi phch chia c 3

Nhng nhp Kp thng hay gp:

Nhp kp: Mi phch c th chia thnh 3 nt nh hn (s trn chia chn cho 3).


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Th d: - Nhp 6/8 : nhp c 2 phch, mi phch c 3 nt mc (eighth note) hoc mt nt en chm (dotted quarter note).

. Cc nhp c s trn 6 u l nhp kp (Compound Duple) .

. Cc nhp 6/8 v 6/4 thng c s dng nhiu hn.

- Nhp 9/8 : nhp c 3 phch, mi phch c 3 nt mc (eighth note) hoc mt nt en chm (dotted quarter note).

- Nhp 12/8 : nhp c 4 phch, mi phch c 3 nt mc (eighth note)

hoc mt nt en chm (dotted quarter note).


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S phch trong mi Nhp u bng nhau, ngoi tr Nhp (trng canh) u tin v Nhp (trng canh) cui cng c th thiu.

cho d c, ngi ta hay ni cc nt (trong Nhp) thnh tng nhm theo phch.

Lin Ba: Gp trong nhp n, l mt nhm gm 3 nt, m gi tr tng cng ca 3 nt ny, ch bng 2 nt ging hnh (cho nn mi nt trong Lin Ba phi tu nhanh hn nt bnh thng).

Lin Hai: Gp trong nhp kp, l mt nhm gm 2 nt, m gi tr tng cng

ca 2 nt ny bng 3 nt (cho nn mi nt trong Lin Hai phi tu chm hn nt bnh thng).

ao Phch: Khi cc nt nhc trong Nhp phn chia khng chn theo mi phch, th l o Phch. Khi o phch th phch yu tr thnh phch mnh.


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Bng Tm Tt B kho Kha Sol - S Nhp - Phch

Tit iu

1. Mi bi ht thng c vit theo mt tit iu (hay nhp iu) no (valse, rhumba, fox, slow, tango, vv.).

nh ngha n gin: Tit iu l s lp i lp li mt cch nhp nhng ca cc phch mnh v yu.

Khi chng ta v tay hay nhp chn, l chng ta lm theo tit iu. 2. Khi ht hoc n ln mt nhc iu lc nhanh lc chm, lc ngn nga, lc dn dp th Tit iu xut hin ngay. 3. Tit iu nh si dy lin kt cc m thanh li vi nhau to thnh mt chuyn ng c o ring bit cho nhc iu . 4. Tm li, Tit iu c to ra do s sp xp nhp nhng trong chuyn ng 3. c nim v Tit iu, g u n v c theo s 1-2-3-4 ghi. Ch no khng c s vn g u. Mi bi tp g nhiu ln.


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Qung Nhc (music intervals)

- Qung nhc l khong cch v cao gia 2 nt nhc : . Qung giai iu : hai nt theo chiu ngang . Qung ha iu : hai nt theo chiu dc.

Tn Qung v c Tnh Hai iu cn bit:

- S qung (hoc tn qung) - c Tnh ca qung

Th d: Qung 3 Trng . Qung 3 l s qung . Trng l c tnh

Tn Qung

- S bc c trong qung

ng m (Unison): Fb = E# Hai du Fa ging (Fb) v Mi thng (E#) tuy khc tn nhng cao bng nhau.

- Du nhc Fb


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- Du nhc E#

c Tnh (quality) Qung

- Da vo s cung (step, tone) v na cung (half step, semitone) trong qung. - c tnh ca qung c th l:

. Trng (Major)

. Th (minor)

. ng (perfect)

. Gim (diminished)

. Tng (augmented)

Qung Trng v Qung ng

- T nt tnh ln: 1. Cc qung trng: 2, 3, 6, 7 2. Cc qung ng: 4, 5, 8

Q.1 ng Qung 2,3 Trng Qung 4,5 ng Qung 6,7 Trng Q.8 ng

- Thang m Do Trng (C) c bt u t nt Do


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- V tip tc cc nt Re Mi Fa Sol La Si v Do

S cung cu Qung Trng v Qung ng

1. Qung 2 Trng (M2) c 1 cung.

2. Qung 3 Trng (M3) c 2 cung

3. Qung 4 ng (P4) c 2 cung, 1/2 cung

4. Qung 5 ng (P5) c 3 cung, 1/2 cung

5. Qung 6 Trng (M6) c 4 cung, 1/2 cung

6. Qung 7 Trng (M7) c 5 cung, 1/2 cung

7. Qung 8 ng (P8), octave, c 6 cung

S cung ca Cc Qung Th

- Qung Th t hn Qung Trng na cung.


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1. Qung 2 th (m2) c 1/2 cung

2. Qung 3 th (m3) c 1 cung, 1/2 cung

3. Qung 6 th (m3) c 4 cung

4. Qung 7 th (m7) c 5 cung

Qung 1 ng

Qung 4 ng (tr Fa Si) : 2 cung,1/2 cung

Do - Fa Re Sol Mi La Sol Do La Re Si - Fa

Qung 5 ng (tr Si Fa) : 3 cung , 1/2 cung

Do Sol Re - La Mi Si Fa Do Sol Re La Mi

Qung 8 ng

Qung Gim v Qung Tng

- Qung Gim (diminished): na cung t hn Qung Th (minor), hoc Qung ng (perfect)


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- Qung Tng (augmented): na cung nhiu hn Qung Trng (major), hoc Qung ng (perfect)

Qung (vi 1/2 cung khc nhau)

- Cc qung 2, 3, 6, 7

- Cc qung 1,4, 5, 8

Qung Ln v Qung Xung

- Qung ln: khi nt th nht thp hn nt sau: C E : Do Re Mi M3

- Qung xung: khi nt th nht cao hn nt sau: E C : Mi Re Do


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Qung o

- o qung: o ngc th t nt nhc.

F A A F

- Cch tnh qung o:

S qung: 9 qung hin ti (mun bit qung o : ly 9 tr qung hin ti)

Tnh cht:

Trng (Major) Th (minor) (v ngc li) ng (Perfect) (gi nguyn): P4 P5 Tng (Aug) Gim (Dim) (v ngc li): Aug3 dim6

Do Fa Fa - Do

Fa La La Fa

Mc ch hiu r qung o l tnh cc qung rng cho nhanh

. m2 o l M7

. M2 o l m7

. m3 M6

. M3 m6

. P4 P5

. P5 P4

. m6 M3

. M6 m3

. m7 M2

. M7 m7

. Aug2 dim7

. Dim7 Aug2


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Bng Tm lc v Qung Nhc

Tm l Qung nhc

- Nu n 2 nt lin nhau:

. Qung Trng: sng, vui

. Qung Th: ti, bun

. Qung ng: y n

. Qung Gim: thiu, y m

. Qung Tng: cng ci

- Nu n 2 nt cng mt lc: qung ha iu

. Qung 2, 7 nghe chi tai v l qung nghch

. Cc qung khc nghe m hn v l nhng qung thun

Tm l qung 3 v 6

1. Qung 3:

Qung 3 quan trng nht. N bao gm cc qung khc.

Qung 3 Trng: cho cm gic vui ti v trong tro.

Qung 3 Th: cho cm gic bun b v u ti.


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2. Qung 6:

Qung 6 l qung 3 o ln

Qung 6 cho ta cm gic m du, nhng khng vng vng nh qung 3.

Tm l qung 2 v 7

3. Qung 2:

Qung 2 ho iu: nghch tai

Qung 2 th giai iu: cm gic y m, bun o no.

4. Qung 7:

Qung 7 l o ln ca Qung 2.

Qung 7 ho iu nghe nghch tai, nhng hn qung 2 v 2 nt cch xa nhau.

Tm l ca qung ng

5. Cc Qung ng:

Qung 8: cho ta mt cm gic y n, mnh m.

Qung 5: cho ta cm gic trn trnh, y , nh qung 8.

Qung 4: nghe qu quyt, khng bun, khng vui.

Tm l qung tng v qung gim

6. Cc Qung Tng:

Cm gic cng ci, kh ht. t c dng.

7. Cc Qung Gim:

Cm gic y m


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Qung Thun Qung Nghch

Qung Ho iu Thun

- Qung ha iu thun cho cm gic m i, du dng, ho hp - Qung ha iu thun c 3 loi :

1. Qung ha iu thun tuyt i hon ton :

. Qung 1 ng (ng m)

. Qung 5 ng

. Qung 8 ng

2. Qung ha iu thun tng i hon ton :

. Qung 3 Trng

. Qung 3 Th

. Qung 6 Trng

. Qung 6 Th

3. Qung ha iu thun hn hp

. Qung 4 ng mang c tnh hn hp.

Qung Ho iu Nghch

- Qung ha iu nghch cho cm gic cng ci, chi tai, khng ho hp. - Qung ha iu nghch gm cc qung :

. Qung 2 Trng . Qung 2 Th . Qung 7 Trng . Qung 7 Th . Ton b qung Tng, qung Gim, tr my qung Tng, qung Gim Trng m vi qung Ho m Thun nh :

. Qung 5 tng trng m vi Qung 6 Th, l qung thun. . Qung 4 Gim trng m vi Qung 3 Trng, l qung thun.


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m Giai (scale)

m giai l mt chui m gm 8 nt theo th t t di i ln. Tn Gi ca m giai da vo tn ca nt u tin v c tnh trng th ca n.

Nhc ca mi dn tc c mt Thang m (m giai) ring :

. Vit nam: ng m (pentatonic) C D E G A

. Nht Bn: A B C E F

. Ty Nguyn: lc m (hexatonic) C E F G B

. Ty Phng: tht m (heptatonic) C D E F G A B

Nhc Ty Phng (Classical Western Music)

- H thng nhc Ty Phng c 7 cao nt: R Mi Fa Sol La Si

- Phn bit 2 loi m giai:

. ng Chuyn (chromatic scale): c 12 nt (octave), mi nt cch nhau na cung

. D chuyn (diatonic): c 7 nt chnh khc tn nhau.

Hai c tnh ca m giai: m giai c 2 th (Modes)

Trng (major scale)

Th (minor scale).

m giai trng v m giai th khc nhau l do cc Cung v Na Cung c sp xp gia cc nt trong m giai.


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m giai Trng:

1) Cng thc ca m giai trng:

m giai trng c cu trc (format) nh sau:

1. Dng m giai Do Trng bit nhng ch c na cung. 2. Vit ra cc tn nt ca m giai mun tm. 3. Dng cc du thng (sharp) hay ging (flat) c c s cung nh m giai Do trng.

T Lin m (Tetracord)

T Lin m: Mt m giai chia lm 2, s cho ta 2 nhm nt, mi nhm c 4 nt, gi l T lin m

T lin m h: nhm 4 nt di (1 cung- 1 cung 1/2 cung) T lin m thng: nhm 4 nt trn (1 cung- 1 cung 1/2 cung)


49

Hai T lin m cch nhau 1 cung.

Nt u tin l TN ca m Giai

a. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 b. C D E F G A B C c. A B C D E F G A

Da vo cng thc thnh lp nhng m giai trng. Sau y l th d ca 3 m giai Do trng, Fa trng v La trng:

m giai Do l m giai kiu mu ca Th Trng

C D E F G A B - C

m Giai DO Trng

1. Vit ra cc tn nt ca m giai: C D E F G A B C

2. Tm xem nhng ch c na cung (theo cng thc). C D E - F G A B - C

3. Dng cc du thng (sharp) hay ging (flat) c c s cung nh cng thc.

C D E-F G A B-C m Giai Do c gi l m Giai TRNG KIU MU v c s cung v na cung ng nh cng thc, khng cn thng hay ging. (2 cung, na cung, 3 cung, na cung)


50

Th t cc du thng :

m giai SOL trng

1. Vit ra cc tn nt trong m giai G A B C D E F G

2. Tm xem nhng ch c na cung (theo cng thc).

G A B C D E F G 3. Thm vo cc du thng hay ging cho ng vi Cng Thc Trng.

G A B - C D E F#- G

m giai RE Trng

C D E F G A B C

G A B C D E F# G

D E F# G A B C# D


51

m giai LA Trng C D E F G A B C

G A B C D E F# G

D E F# G A B C# D

A B C# D E F# G# A

m giai MI Trng

C D E F G A B C

G A B C D E F# G

D E F# G A B C# D

A B C# D E F# G# A

E F# G# A B C# D# E

m giai SI Trng

C D E F G A B C

G A B C D E F# G

D E F# G A B C# D

A B C# D E F# G# A

E F# G# A B C# D# E

B C# D# E F# G# A# B


52

m giai FA# Trng C D E F G A B C

G A B C D E F# G

D E F# G A B C# D

A B C# D E F# G# A

E F# G# A B C# D# E


F# G# A# B C# D# E# F#

m giai DO# Trng

C D E F G A B C

G A B C D E F# G

D E F# G A B C# D

A B C# D E F# G# A

E F# G# A B C# D# E


F# G# A# B C# D# E# F#

C# D# E# F# G# A# B# C#


53

Cc m giai Trng Vi Du Thng

C D E F G A B C

G A B C D E F# G

D E F# G A B C# D

A B C# D E F# G# A

E F# G# A B C# D# E


F# G# A# B C# D# E# F#

C# D# E# F# G# A# B# C#

Ta thy mi m giai mi u tng bc VII Nt Ch m (tonic) nm trn du thng cui mt bc (qung 2 th) C 7 du thng, th t cc du thng cch nhau mt qung 5: F,C,G,D,A,E,B


54

m giai C (Do trng) c cu trc ging ht nh cng thc trng ny, nn m giai trng c coi nh m giai kiu mu ca th trng.

m giai F: T nt 2 n 3 phi l na cung, nhng trong m giai F, t A n B l 1 cung, nn ta phi gim (flat) B.

m giai A: Tng t cch tnh nh m giai Fa trng, m giai La trng phi thng (sharp) 3 nt: C, F v G.

Tn v Bc Trong m Giai: Ngi ta dng s La-m vit cc bc nt trong m giai.

I : Ch m (tonic)

II : Thng ch m (supertonic) III : Trung m (mediant)

IV : H thng (t) m (subdominant) V : Thng m hay t m (Dominant)

VI : Thng trung m (submediant) VII : Cm m (Leading Tone)

m Giai Trng Nhn To

- Thnh thong ngi ta gim nt bc 6th ca m giai trng: C D E F G Ab B C

Khi gim nt bc 6th, - Khi gim nt bc VI, ngi ta c c 2 chords mi: iv v vib

Fm Ab

- Thnh thong ngi ta tng nt bc 4 ca m giai trng:

C D E F# G A B C

B kha (Key signatures):

- Gi d nh mt bi ht vit theo m giai La trng, tt c cc nt C, F v G u phi tng. cho tin ngi ta c c 2 chords mi: iv v vib

Fm Ab, ngi ta cc du thng u dng nhc. Cc du thng ny gi l "b kha" ca m giai hay ca bi ht.


55

Chu K qung 5 (circle of fifth)

B kha c th c 3 dng: a) Khng c du ha (nh trng) b) Du thng (nh La trng) c) Du ging (nh Fa trng)

B kha c nhiu nht l 7 du thng hay 7 du gi ng. Cc du thng hay i theo mt th t theo bc 5 (circle of fifth):

B kha thng: Fa, Do, Sol, Re, La, Mi, Si

B kha ging: Si, Mi, La, Re, Sol, Do, Fa (ngc li vi du thng.)

S d chng ta bit c th t cc du thng hay gi ng l nh vo s tnh ton theo lut "Chu k qung 5" (hay "t lin m"), ting Anh l "circle of fifth" .

Cc du thng: tnh t di ln qung 5 (t ln m thng ).

Cc du ging: tnh t trn xung qung 5 (t lin m h).


56

Cc B kha ca m giai trng c du thng, t di tnh ln qung 5

1 2 3 4 5

: C D E F G A B C

Sol: G A B C D E F# G 1#: F

R: D E F# G A B C# D 2#: FC

La: A B C# D E F# G# A 3#: FCG

Mi: E F# G# A B C# D# E 4#: FCGD

Si: B C# D# E F# G# A# B 5#: FCGDA

Fa#: F# G# A# B C# D# E# F# 6#: FCGDAE

#: C# D# E# F# G# A# B# C# 7#: FCGDAEB

Cc B kha ca m giai Trng c du ging, t trn tnh xung qung 5

5 4 3 2 1

: C D E F G A B C

Fa: F G A Bb C D E F 1b: B

Si-b: Bb C D Eb F G A Bb 2b: BE

Mi-b Eb F G Ab Bb C D Eb 3b: BEA

La-b: Ab Bb C Db Eb F G Ab 4b: BEAD

Re-b: Db Eb F Gb Ab Bb C Db 5b: BEADG

Sol-b: Gb Ab Bb Cb Db Eb F Gb 6b: BEADGD

-b: Cb Db Eb Fb Gb Ab Bb Cb 7b:BEADGCF

Xem tm tt theo lut "vng trn cc qung 5" phn III bn di


57

Bng Tm Tt

B Kha - m Giai Trng (Major scale)

m giai th (minor scale)

Khi mt bn nhc vit theo m giai th, ngi ta c th bin i mt s nt khi

dng nhc i ln (melodic minor scale), hoc thay i nt "cm m" (leading

tone) trong khi ho m khi tr v ch m (harmonic minor scale), cho nn m

giai th c 3 dng:

o m giai th t nhin (natural minor scale) o m giai th ho iu (melodic minor scale) o m giai th giai iu (harmonic minor scale)

m Giai LA Th l m Giai LA TH KIU MU


58

1) Cng thc ca m giai th T Nhin:

A B - C D E - F G A

Da vo cng thc thnh lp nhng m giai Th. Sau y l th d ca 3 m giai LA th, RE th v MI th:

1. Dng m giai LA Th bit nhng ch c na cung. 2. Vit ra cc tn nt ca m giai mun tm. 3. Dng cc du thng (sharp) hay ging (flat) c c s cung nh m giai LA

Th.

m giai LA th c cu trc ging ht nh cng thc ca th Th (khng c thng hay gim), nn m giai La th c gi l m giai kiu mu ca th th.


59

2) So snh cc m giai th.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Natural A B C D E F G A

Harmonic A B C D E F G# A

Melodic A B C D E F# G# A

So snh 3 loi m giai th :

o Ho iu - harmonic: l m giai th T Nhin tng bc 7 o Giai iu - melodic: l m giai th T Nhin tng bc 6 v 7

1. m giai th T Nhin:

- m giai Do Th (Cm) t nhin :

2. m Giai Th Nhn To

C 2 loi m giai th nhn to: Ha iu Giai iu


60

m Giai Th Ho iu (Harmonic minor): tng bc 7th.

La si do re mi fa sol# la

- m giai Do Th (Cm) Ho iu

m Giai Th Giai iu (Melodic minor): tng bc 6th v 7th khi dng nhc i ln nt ch m (nghe nh th Trng)


61

- m giai Do Th (Cm) Giai iu

Hp m ca m giai Do Trng (C ) v cc loi m giai Do Th (Cm)


62

Thnh Lp m Giai

xy dng mt m Giai, chng ta lm 3 bc nh sau:

1. Vit ra cc tn nt ca m giai.

2. Tm xem nhng ch c na cung (theo cng thc).

3. Dng cc du thng (sharp) hay ging (flat) c c s cung nh cng

thc.

Bi Tp m Giai

Xy dng m giai R TRNG C D E F G A B C

D E F# - G A B C# - D

Bi Tp m Giai

Xy dng m giai Eb TRNG C D E F G A B C Eb F G - Ab Bb C D - Eb

Bi Tp m Giai

Xy dng m giai TH A B C D E F G A

C D Eb F G Ab Bb C


63

Tm Kt:

1. Cc b kha

2. Vng trn cc qung 5 (circle of fifths)


64

Bng Tm Tt Cc m Giai Ging - Thng


65

By Th Nhc

1. Nu cc Th nhc c thnh hnh da trn cc nt ca m giai Trng. Mi Th c h thng thang m ring bit, ln lt :

- nt bc 1 (Do) l Th Ionian : 1c-1c-1/2c-1c-1c-1c-1/2c - nt bc 2 (Re) l Th Dorian : 1c -1/2c-1c-1c-1c-1/2c-1c - nt bc 3 (Mi) l Th Phrygian : 1/2c-1c-1c-1c-1/2c-1c-1c - nt bc 4 (Fa) l Th Lydian : 1c-1c-1c-1/2c-1c-1c-1/2c - nt bc 5 (Sol) l Th Myxolydian : 1c-1c-1/2c-1c-1c-1/2c-1c - nt bc 6 (La) l Th Aeolian : 1c-1/2c-1c-1c-1/2c-1c-1c - nt bc 7 (Si) l Th Locrian : 1/2c-1c-1c-1/2c-1c-1c-1c


66

2. Nu cc Th c thnh lp u bt u bng nt Do (C) th h thng thang m s thay i theo v c cc du ho l :

Tm li : Mi Th c h thng thang m ring :

Ionian = Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Si Do

Dorian = Do Re Mib Fa Sol La Sib Do

Phrygian = Do Reb Mib Fa Sol Lab Sib Do

Lydian = Do Re Mi Fa# Sol La Si Do

Mixolydian = Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Sib Do

Aeolian = Do Re Mib Fa Sol Lab Sib Do

Locrian = Do Reb Mib Fa Solb Lab Sib Do


67

Tm m Giai Ca Mt Bi Ht (Scale song)

Nhng bi ht chng ta dng ngy nay (standard music), thng c sng tc trn mt m giai no . Trn l thuyt c tt c 15 dng b kha, trong 1 b khng c du thng hay ging; 7 b kha c du thng v 7 b kha c du ging.

- C 30 m giai khc nhau :15 th Trng v 15 th Th :

- Hai c tnh : Trng hay Th (Major or minor).

- tm m giai ca mt bi ht, ngi ta thng da vo 2 yu t sau y:

1. Cn c vo B kha ca bi ht bit c tnh Trng - Th ca m giai. 2. Cn c vo nt kt thc ca bi ht bit tn ca m giai. Nt kt thc ca bi

ht thng l ip Khc. Nu bi ht c nhiu b, th da vo b chnh, thng l b Soprano.

Bng chi tit cc B Kha 1. Du thng

C maj 0 thng

G maj 1 thng F

D maj 2 thng F, C

A maj 3 thng F, C, G

E maj 4 thng F, C, G, D

B maj 5 thng F, C, G, D, A

F maj 6 thng F, C, G, D, A, E

C maj 7 thng F, C, G, D, A, E, B


68

2. Du ging

C maj 0 ging

F maj 1 ging B

B maj 2 ging B, E

E maj 3 ging B, E, A

A maj 4 ging B, E, A, D

D maj 5 ging B, E, A, D, G

G maj 6 ging B, E, A, D, G, C

C maj 7 ging B, E, A, D, G, C, F

C maj 0 ging s

B Kha Trng Th

khng c

thng - ging

C major A

minor

B Kha Thm

Trng Th B Kha

Thm

Trng Th

1 thng

F G major E minor

1 ging

B F major D minor

2 thng

C D major B minor

2 ging

E B

major G minor


69

3 thng

G A major F

minor

3 ging

A E major C minor

4 thng

D E major C

minor

4 ging

D A

major F minor

5 thng

A B major G

minor

5 ging

G D

major

B

minor

6 thng

E F major D

minor

6 ging

C G

major

E

minor

7 thng

B C

major

A

minor

7 ging

F C

major

A

minor


70

m Th Ca Bi ht vi B kha thng

- Da vo b kho (key signature) u bi ht m ta c th bit c bi ht c vit theo m th g.

1. Bi Ht Th Trng

- tm m th (mode) bi ht, ta da vo: 1. Nt kt thc (tonic) ca bi ht. 2. Du ho cui cng ca b kho.

- B kha thng: ly du thng cui tng ln mt bc (qung 2 th), nu trng hp vi nt kt bi ht, th l bi ht Th Trng. Th d:

* Bi ht 1 thng (F): Fa tng ln mt bc l SOL. Nu nt kt bi l SOL, th bi ht l SOL TRNG (G). * Bi ht 3 thng (F,C,G): Sol tng mt bc l LA. Nu nt kt bi l LA, th bi ht l LA trng (A).

* Bi ht 6 thng (F,C,G,D,A,E): MI tng 1 bc l FA, m FA l FA#. Nu nt cui l F# th bi ht l F# trng.

. Th d:

* Bi ht 2 thng (F C): Do tng ln mt bc l Re. Nu nt kt bi l Re, th bi ht l Re TRNG (D).


71

* Bi ht khng c thng hay ging

Th d:

- B kha ca bi ht khng c Thng - Ging - Nt cui bi ht l La, bi ht LA TH.

Th d: - B kha ca bi ht khng c Thng - ging

- Nt cui bi ht l , bi ht TRNG.

2. Bi Ht Th Th

- B kha thng:

* T du thng cui cng ca b kha, tnh xung 1 bc. Nu trng hp vi nt cui ca bi ht, th bi ht th TH vi tn l tn ca nt cui bi ht.

Th d: - Du ho cui cng l Do, tnh xung mt bc l Si - Nt cui bi ht l Si, bi ht Si Th.


72

Thnh Lp m giai vi cc du Ging

m giai F Major Scale

C D E F G A B C

F G A Bb C D E F

m giai Bb Major Scale

C D E F G A B C F G A Bb C D E F

Bb C D Eb F G A Bb


73

m giai Eb Major Scale

C D E F G A B C

F G A Bb C D E F

Bb C D Eb F G A Bb

Eb F G Ab Bb C D Eb

m giai Ab Major Scale

C D E F G A B C

F G A Bb C D E F

Bb C D Eb F G A Bb

Eb F G Ab Bb C D Eb

Ab Bb C Db Eb F G Ab


74

m giai Db Major Scale

C D E F G A B C

F G A Bb C D E F

Bb C D Eb F G A Bb

Eb F G Ab Bb C D Eb


Db Eb F Gb Ab Bb C Db

m giai Gb Major Scale

C D E F G A B C

F G A Bb C D E F

Bb C D Eb F G A Bb

Eb F G Ab Bb C D Eb



Gb Ab Bb Cb Db Eb F Gb


75

m giai Cb Major Scale

C D E F G A B C

F G A Bb C D E F

Bb C D Eb F G A Bb

Eb F G Ab Bb C D Eb




Cb Db Eb Fb Gb Ab Bb Cb

Tm Lc Cc m giai Trng

C D E F G A B C

F G A Bb C D E F

Bb C D Eb F G A Bb

Eb F G Ab Bb C D Eb




Cb Db Eb Fb Gb Ab Bb Cb

Ta thy mi m giai mi u gim bc IV Nt Ch m (trn) cch du gim cui mt qung 5. C 7 du gim, th t cc du gim cch nhau mt qung 4:

B,E,A,D,G,C,F (ngc vi du thng)


76

Tm m Th Trng vi B kha ging

Vi b kha ging c 2 cch tm :

1. Tnh t du ging cui cng ca b kha:

- B kha ging: ly du ging cui tng ln mt qung 5, nu trng hp vi nt kt bi ht, th bi ht trng.

Th d: * Bi ht 1 ging (B): Si tng ln qung 5 l FA. Nu nt kt bi l FA, th bi ht l FA TRNG (F).

* Bi ht 3 ging (B,E,A): LA tng qung 5 l MI(b). Nu nt kt bi l Mi(b) Mi ging trng (Eb Major)

* Bi ht 6 ging (B,E,A,D,G,C): DO tng qung 5 l SOL(b). Nu nt cui l SOL(b) Gb trng.

Bi ht vi b kha l du ging.

Si tnh ln qung 5 l FA. Nu nt kt bi l FA, th bi ht l FA TRNG (F).

Bi ht FA trng


77

Bi ht R th

- T du ging cui ca b kha tnh ln mt qung 3. Nu trng hp vi nt cui ca bi ht, th bi ht th TH vi tn l tn ca nt cui bi ht.

2. Tnh t du ging cui cng ca b kha:

Dnh cho th Trng v nhng b kha t 2 du ging tr ln.

Tng ln qung 5 chnh l du ging p cht.

Nhn vo du ging p cht ca b kha.

- Du ging p cht ca b kha cng tn vi nt cui ca bi ht th bi ht th TRNG l tn ca nt cui bi ht.

Bi ht Eb trng * Bi ht 3 ging (B,E,A): LA tng qung 5 l MI(b). Nt kt bi l Mi(b), Bi ht ny l Mi ging trng (Eb)

- Cng nhiu thng hay ging th cng kh xng m v kh nh n. - Phn ln cc bi ht u vit ti a l 4 du ho.


78

H Thng Thng - Ging trn Kho Sol v Kho Fa

- m giai Trng

- m giai Th


79

Hp m (Chord)

Hp m gm c 3 nt (triad ) chng cht ln theo th t di ln cch nhau mt qung 3:

a. Nt di cng gi l Nt Nn (root), nt ny l tn ca hp m. b. Nt k tip l nt bc 3 (third) - cch nt nn mt qung 3. c. Nt trn cng l nt bc 5 (fifth) - cch nt nn mt qung 5.

- Tn ca hp m cn bn l tn ca nt Nn (root) v c tnh (trng, th, vv.)

ca hp m .

- C 4 loi hp m cn bn: Trng, Th, Tng v Gim.

Do Trng (C) Do Th (Cm) Do tng (C+) Do gim (C)

K hiu vit tt ca cc hp m cn bn (triad):

Trng: vit hoa. Th d, trng: C

Th: vit tn hoa, thm ch "m" hoc thm du "-". Th d, th: Cm hoc C-

Tng: vit tn hoa, thm du "+" hoc ch "aug" Th d, tng: C+ hoc Caug

Gim: vit tn hoa, thm du "" hoc ch "dim" Th d, gim: C hoc Cdim


80

m sc ca cc hp m:

a. Hp m Trng:

Nghe y , ti sng

Nghe hng mnh, vn ln

Vng vng (v c xy dng trn qung 5 hon ton (perfect fifth) b. Hp m Th:

Nghe mang mc, nh nhng.

Nghe bun su, u m

Vng vng (v c xy dng trn qung 5 hon ton (perfect fifth) c. Hp m Tng:

Nghe hi sng qa, n ni cm thy hi kh nghe.

Khng vng vng d. Hp m Gim:

Nghe yu ui, thiu vng

Khng vng vng

* Cc hp m trong m giai Do Trng

Nhn xt :

- Ba Hp m Trng C F G c 3 hp m Th tng ng l : Am Dm Em

I - - - vi : C - - - Am

IV- - - i : F - - - Dm

V- - - iii : G - - - Em

- Ngoi ra c hp m vii gim : Bdim

- Ba hp m C-F-G (Do Fa Sol) gi vai tr quan trng nht.


81

- Cc hp m trong m giai La Th

- Cc hp m trong m giai Do Th T nhin vi 3 du ging :

Si Mi - La

- Cc hp m trong m giai Do Th ho iu

- Cc hp m trong m giai Do Th giai iu

Chu K Qung 5 v Hp m Tng ng


82

- Vng ngoi l cc hp m Trng - Vng trong l nhng hp m Th tng ng

Bng Tm Tt Hp m Do Trng v Ba Loi Hp m Th

Cc Th Ca Hp m : Th nn - Th o


83

I I6 I6/4 I I6 I6/4 I I6 I6/4 I I6 I6/4

Cch vit Hp m Th o 1 v Th o 2

- Hp m thun

Th nn Th o 1 Th o 2 1. Th nn : Cma : Do Mi Sol 2. Th o 1 : Cma/E : Mi Sol - Do 3. Th o 2 : Cma/G : Sol Do - Mi

Hp m 7th (Seventh chords)

Thm vo hp m cn bn mt qung 3 na l c hp m 7 . Gi l hp m 7 v t nt nn n nt th t l qung 7 . Nt qung 3 thm vo c th l Trng hoc Th


84

C7 : Do- Mi- Sol- Sib

CMaj7 : Do- Mi- Sol- Si

Cm7 : Do-Mib- Sol-Sib

Cdim7 hoc C7 : Do-Mib-Solb-Sibb


85

Cm7b5 : Do- Mib-Solb-Sib

Cc Loi Hp m 7 trong m giai Trng

S Hp

m

Thm

vo

Hp m 7

Cc nt ca

Hp m

Vit tt

1 Trng M3 Major 7 C-E-G-B CMaj7, hoc CM7

2 Trng m3 Dominant 7 C-E-G-Bb C7

3 Th M3 Minor/Major7 A-C-E-G# Am/M7

4 Th m3 Minor7 A-C-E-G Am7

5 Gim M3 Half

diminished7

hoc Minor

7b5

B-D-F-A Bm7b5, hoc B

6 Gim m3 Diminished 7 B-D-F-Ab Bdim7, hoc B7 7 Tng m3 Augmented 7 C-E-G#-B CAug7, C+7,

CM7#5

m giai Do7 vi cc hp m 7 :

- Hp m I : CM7 = Do Trng 7 - Hp m ii : Dm7 = Re Th 7 - Hp m iii : Em7 = Mi Th 7 - Hp m IV : FM7 = Fa Trng 7 - Hp m V : G7 = Sol 7 t m - Hp m vi : Am7 = La Th 7 - Hp m : B7 = Si gim 7


86

Hp m cn bn vi qung 7 Trng hoc Th

Hp m 7 trong cc loi m giai Th:

m Giai I

(la)

II

(si)

III

(do)

IV

(re)

V

(mi)

VI

(fa)

VII

(sol)

Natural Am7 Bm7b5 CM7 Dm7 Em7 FM7 G7

Harmonic Am/M7 Bm7b5 CM7#5 Dm7 E7 FM7 G#dim7

Melodic Am/M7 Bm7 CM7#5 D7 E7 F#m7b5 G#m7b5


87

Bng tng kt Cc Hp m 7 trong m giai Th.

Di y l s hnh thnh ca cc hp m 7 trong m giai th

Bc ca m giai Hp m Qung 7 Hp m

7th

Tn

i Am m3 Am7 minor 7th

i Am M3 (har) Am/M7 minor - major 7th

iidim Bdim M3 B7b5 half diminished

ii (melodic) Bm m3 Bm7 minor 7th

III C M3 CM7 major 7th

IIIaug

(harmonic)

Caug m3 C-maj7#5 augmented 7th

iv Dm m3 Dm7 minor 7th

IV (melodic) D m3 D7 dominant 7

v Em m3 Em7 minor 7

V (harmonic) E m3 E7 dominant

VI F M3 FM7 major 7

#VIdim

(melodic)

F#dim M3 F#min7b5 half diminished

VII G m3 G7 dominant 7th

#Vii-dim (har) G#dim m3 G#dim7 diminished 7th

#Vii-dim (har) G#dim M3 (mel) G#min7b5 half diminished

Cch vit Hp m Th o 1 v Th o 2

- Hp m thun

Th nn Th o 1 Th o 2 1. Th nn : Cma : Do Mi Sol 2. Th o 1 : Cma/E : Mi Sol - Do 3. Th o 2 : Cma7/G : Sol Do - Mi


88

- Hp m nghch

Th nn Th o 1 Th o 2 Th o 3

1. Th nn : Cma 7 : Do Mi Sol Si 2. Th o 1 : Cma7/E : Mi Sol - Si Do 3. Th o 2 : Cma7/G : Sol Si Do - Mi 4. Th o 3 : Cma7/B : Si Do Mi - Sol

Hp m 9

- Chng thm mt nt qung 3 bn trn hp m qung 7 l c hp m 9 Hay ni cch khc l chng thm vo hp m 7 mt qung 9 trng.

C9

Hp m 11

- Chng thm mt nt qung 3 bn trn hp m qung 9 l c hp m 11

C11

Hp m 13


89

- Chng thm mt nt qung 3 bn trn hp m qung 11 l c hp m 13

C13

Hp m Suspended

a. Sus 2

Hp m "sus 2", th d Csus2, gm nhng nt C - D - G.

Ch "sus" l vit tt ca "suspended" (ngng li) . Hp m sus2 cng c th gi

l hp m "add 2" hay "add 9".

b. Sus 4

Khi ngi ta vit Csus th chng ta phi hiu l Csus4. Nt qung 3 ca hp m trng c thay th bng mt nt trn n na cung.

Th d:

C Major : C - E - G

Csus4 : C - F - G

Theo truyn thng, hp m Csus s chuyn n hp m C, tc l nt "sus" s tr v nt bc 3.

Isus4 I s c cm gic nh gii kt gio ng (AMEN).

Trong ho m, s chuyn hp m ca sus4 thng nh sau:

I IV Vsus4 V7 I


90

Trong thc hnh khi chi hp m sus, ngi ta chi nt nn tay tri v nh

hp m trng, 1 cung bn di nt nn, tay phi.

Th d: Csus (gm C - F - G)

Tay tri: C

Tay phi: hp m Bb (Bb - D - F)

Thng thng hp m "sus" c th thay th cho hp m 7 (dominant 7).

Th d trong m giai C trng, Gsus c th thay th cho G7, G9.

Khi chi "sus4", trnh chi nt bc 3. Th d Csus4, trnh chi nt Mi (E) .

Ngi ta cng vit Bb/C cho Csus.

Khi chi V7sus, chi nt bc V tay tri v hp m IV tay phi (vit l IV/V)

Slash: "IV/V" gi l hp m "slash", c ngha l chi hp m bn trn ci gch

xo ("slash") v chi mt nt Bass bn di. "F slash G" = hp m F vi G Bass.

Nhn Xt Hp m v Cch c Hp m 7

Hp m Vit tt Cc nt trong Hp m

F major major 7 FM7, FMaj7, F Major 7 F A C E

F major minor 7 F7, also called 'dominant 7' F A C Eb

F minor major 7 FmM7 F Ab C E

F minor minor 7 Fm7, Fmin7, F minor 7 F Ab C Eb

F diminished major 7 FdM7 F Ab Cb E

F diminished minor 7 F7, Fm7b5 F Ab Cb Eb

F augmented major 7 F+M7, FM7#5 F A C# E

F augmented minor 7 F+7, F7#5 F A C# Eb

F diminished 7 F7, Fdim7 F Ab Cb Ebb


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Hp m Tng

Hp m thun tr thnh hp m nghch khi tng bc 5 ln na cung.

- Nt bc 5 tng ln1/2 cung tr thnh nghch, nn sau phi c gii nghch bng cch chuyn ln nt k tip 1/2 cung, nt ny gi l nt gii

nghch.

- Hp m tng bc I chuyn ti bc IV (Caug - F)

- Hp m tng bc I chuyn ti bc vi (Caug - Am)

- Hp m tng bc I chuyn ti bc ii (Caug - Dm)

- Hp m tng bc IV chuyn ti bc ii (Faug - Dm)


92

- Hp m tng bc IV chuyn ti bc V (Faug - G)

- Hp m tng bc IV chuyn ti bc VII (Faug - Bb)

- Hp m tng bc V chuyn ti bc I (Gaug - C) Vaug - V7 - I

Vaug - V9 - V7 - I (vi)

- Hp m tng bc VI chuyn ti bc I (Aaug - C)

Sau y l mt chui Hp m Tng

Hp m Gim

- Mt Hp m Th (Thun) tr thnh Hp m nghch khi gim nt bc 5 xung 1/2 cung. Hp m nghch phi c gii nghch bng cch chuyn

nt bc 5 n nt k tip thp hn 1/2 cung, nt ny gi l nt gii nghch.


93

Dn chng :

- c s dng Gii kt, Hp m bc V di hnh thc , Vdim, Vdim7, Vdim9 v bc I.

I - IV (vi) - Vdim - I

- Hp m Gim c s dng chuyn th sang Hp m khc c nt gii

nghch.

- Hai cch chuyn Hp m :

a. Chuyn m trc tip :

C F - Dm G - C

b. Chuyn m c chun b bng Hp m Gim:

C (Cdim) - F(Fdim) - Dm(Dmdim) - G (Gdim) C

Sau y l mt s Hp m Gim

- Hp m Trng Gim

- Hp m Th Gim


94

Hp m 6 Trng

- Hp m 6 Trng c 4 nt, nt nn v nt th 4 cch nhau 1 qung 6. - Hp m 6 c nt bc V v bc VI cch nhau 1 qung 2 Trng, nn Hp m 6 l

Hp m nghch.

Dn chng :

- m th Fa Trng :

- m th Do Trng :

Sau y l mt s Hp m 6 Trng


95

Hp m 6 Th

- Hp m Th cng thm nt bc 6, ta c Hp m 6 Th

- Dng bc I kt bi :

- Hp m 6 Th dng bc IV (IVm6)

a. Thng thng : I - IV - V7 - I

b. Thay th bng IVm6 : I - IVm6V7 - I

c. Dng lm hp m chuyn cung, chuy n Th

C - Fm6 - A7 - Dm

d. Hp m Fm6 c gii nghch xung cc nt ca Hp m A7.

Sau y l mt s Hp m 6 Th


96

Hp m 7 (V7) - Dn chng

Hp m 7 c 4 nt nhc : Hp m Trng + qung 7 Th

- Hp m bc V7 l hp m quan trng trong cc Gii kt (cadence)

. Dn chng 1 :

. Dn chng 2 :

- Hp m bc V7 l hp m dng chuyn Th , chuyn cung:

. Dn chng 1 :

. Dn chng 2 :


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- Hp m bc V7 thay v v hp m bc I li ti hp m bc vi l Gii kt lnh (Deceptive Cadence) dng kt cu, kt on nhc : C G7 Am

. Dn chng :

Sau y l mt s Hp m 7

Hp m 7 Trng (Vmaj 7)

Hp m 7 c 4 nt nhc : Hp m Trng + qung 7 Trng

Hp m 7 Trng (Vmaj 7) kt bi ht thay cho hp m thun.

- K t bnh thng Kt bng hp m 7 Trng

* C G7 - C C G7 Cmaj7

* F C7 F F C7 Fmaj7

* G D7 G G D7 Gmaj7


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. Dn chng 1 :

. Dn chng 2 :

Sau y l mt s Hp m 7 Trng

Hp m 7 Th (Vm7)

Hp m 7 c 4 nt nhc : Hp m Th + qung 7 Th

- Hp m 7 Th (Vm7) thng c s dng lm hp m chuy n cung, chuyn Th.

. Dn chng 1 :


99

. Dn chng 2 :

- Hp m 7 Th bc V c th dng Gii kt : F - Dm7 - Am

. Dn chng : G Dm7 - G

Sau y l mt s Hp m 7 Th :

Chi Tit Cc Loi Hp m Do (C)


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Cch Vit v Cch c cc Hp m Nghch

C major 7 Cmaj7 Cma7 C or C7 CM7

C minor 7 Cm7 Cmin7 C-7

C minor major 7 Cm maj7 Cmin ma7 C - 7 C -

C half diminished C7 Cm7 b5 Cmin7 b5

C diminished (7) Co (7) C dim (7)

C7 C7

C9 C9

C11 C11 Gm7/C

C7 suspended 4th C7 sus4

C13 C13

C7 augmented C7 + C7 aug C7+5

C7 flat 5th C7 b5 C7 -5

C7 #11 C7 #11 C7 +11

C7 flat 9th C7 b9 C7 -9

C7 sharpened 9th C7 #9 C7 +9

C7 flat 10th C7 b10 C7 -10

C7 flat 9th flat 13th C7 b9 b13 C7 alt

C7 flat 10th flat 13th C7 b10 b13 C7 alt

C13 sharp 11th C13 #11 C13 +11

- C my k hiu c th gy hiu lm gia loi ny vi loi khc

- K hiu hnh tam gic nh CM7 = ch nn vit khi gp rt

thi, v d gy lm vi Co (7). - Ch M vit hoa hp m major 7 cng d b ln ln.

- Nghin cu k bng tm tt trn bit nhiu cch vit mt hp m


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Nhng Nt Ngoi Hp m

(Non-harmonic Tones)

- Ngoi Hp m l nhng nt khng nm trong hp m, dng t im nt

nhc cho tri chy, d ht.

Nt Fa khng c trong hp m Do

- Ngoi hp m c th nm u phch (accented) hoc trong phch (unaccented)

3. Nt Qua (Passing Tones = PT)

Nt Qua l nhng nt i ln hoc i xung lin bc gia hai hp m


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4. Nt Thu (Neighboring Tones = NT)

Nt Thu (neighboring tone) l nt i ln hoc i xung ri tr li v tr trc.

5. Nt Nhn (Appoggiatura = App.)

Nt Nhn (Appoggiatura) l nt nhy xa ri i xung lin bc ti nt ca hp

m k tip.

6. Nt Thot m (Escape Tones = ET)

Nt Thot (Escape tone) l nt ln hay xung lin bc ri nhy c ch b c ti nt

ca hp m k tip


103

7. Nt Hon m (Retardation = Ret.)

Nt Hon (retardation) l nt ca hp m trc c gi li hp m sau ri mi

i ln.

8. Nt Treo (Suspension = Sus)

Nt Treo (Suspension)l nt ca hp m trc c gi li v i xung gi l

Nt Treo (Suspension)

9. Nt Tin m (Anticipation = Ant.)

Nt Tin m (Anticipation) l nt i ln hay i xung lin bc phch yu v cng cao vi hp m sau


104

10. Lu m (Pedal Point)

Lu m (Pedal Point) l nt ca hp m trc c gi li ngn di trong khi cc nt khc vn chuyn ng theo hp m

11. Nt i m (Changing Tones = CT)

Nt i (Changing tones) l nhm nt trong c 2 nt ngoi hp m i ln hay i xung lin bc, sau nhy ngc chiu ri tr v nt c.

- i ln lin bc :

- i xung lin bc :


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12. Nt Ngoi hp m trong cu nhc di

- Nt Fa l Nt Thu (Neighboring tone)

- Nt La l Nt Thot m (Escape tone)

- Khi ha m c th b nt qung 5 nh trong hp m c nt Thot m, hp m C7 thiu nt Sol, ch c nt nn (Do), nt qung 3 (Mi) v nt qung 7 (Si), khng c nt qung 5 (Sol) : Do Mi Sib (La)

Bng Tm Tt Cc Nt Ngoi Hp m


106

Nhn xt Bin Khc s XIII ca Beethoven

. Bin khc ny c nhiu nt Qua v nt Thu

. Ring nt Do nhp 7 l nt nhn m (Appoggiatura)

Nhn xt Tu Khc SONATA ca Mozart


107

Gii Kt (Cadence)

Gii kt l cch chm cu trong m nhc. Nghin cu cc gii kt sau :

1. Ton kt (Perfect Cadence in C major)

a. Cu trc : Lin kt hp m bc V v hp m bc I vi cc iu kin :

- Hai hp m u th nn

- B trn cng l nt ch m

- Hp m I phch mnh.

b. Cng dng Ton kt dng kt on, kt bi nhc.

2. Bn kt (Haft Cadence)

a. Cu trc : Lin kt hp m bc I, ii, iii, IV, vi vi hp m bc V

b. Cng dng : Bn kt dng kt phn cu, phn on.


108

c. Bn kt cui cu nhc

3. S kt (Imperfect Authentic Cadence =IAC)

a. Cu trc : Lin kt hp m bc V vi hp m bc I th o

Hoc hp m bc I c nt trn cng khng v ch m

Hoc cc hp m bc IV, V7

Hoc cng c khi lin kt hp m V7 vi hp m iii

b. Cng dng : Dng kt chi cu, cu, on.


109

4. Lnh kt (Deceptive Cadence) :

a. Cu trc :Lin kt hp m V vi hp m vi cho cm gic l lng cha kt thc.

b. Cng dng : Lnh kt dng kt cu nhc gia bi. c. Kt lnh dng cui on nhc.

5. Bnh kt (Plagal Cadence in C major)

a. Cu trc : Lin kt hp m bc IV vi hp m bc I

. Hp m IV th nn hoc th o 2

. Hp m I th nn.

b. Cng dng : Dng kt bi nhc.


110

Chuyn Hp m (Chord Progressions) - chuyn v t hp m mt cch hp l v c hiu qu, cn phi hiu thu o v Qung nhc, m giai, Hp m v Gii kt.

1. Ly hp m tiu biu l Do :

K hiu Tn gi Gii thch

Hp m 2 nt

C5, C(no3), C(omit3) 5 Hp m 2 nt: C - G

Hp m 3 nt

C trng C - E - G

C b5 trng gim C - E - Gb

Cm hay C- th C - Eb - G

C, Cdim, Cm b5 gim C - Eb - Gb

C+ hay Caug tng C - E - G#

Csus2 sus2, v qung 3 h xung 1 cung, nn khng phi Trng cng khng phi Th

C - D - G

Csus4 sus4, v qung 3 tng ln 1 cung, nn khng phi Trng cng khng phi Th

C - F - G

Hp m 4 nt

Cmi2, Cmi(add2) Th cng 2 C D Eb - G

Cmi4, Cmi(add4) Th cng 4 C Eb F - G

C2, C(add2) Trng cng 2 C D E - G

C4, C(add4) Trng cng 4 C E F - G

C6 6 C - E - G - A

C7 7 (dominant) C - E - G - Bb

CM7 trng 7 C - E - G - B

C7+, C+7 augmented (minor) 7 C - E G# - Bb

Cmaj7+, C+maj7 augmented major 7 C - E G# - B

Cm7, Cmi7, Cmim7 th 7 C - Eb - G - Bb

Cdim7 diminished 7 C - Eb - Gb - Bbb (A)

D/A D slash A Hp m D, bass note A.

C add9 C add 9 C - E - G - D

* Gi l dominant seventh chord khi thm qung 7 Th vo Hp m Trng


111

2. S mnh yu ca cc hp m

- S mnh yu ca cc hp m trong m giai trng. Ly Hp m Do tiu biu : a. Hp m bc I (C) quan trng nht v c nt ch m. b. Hp m bc V (G) quan trng th nh, v c nt nn l t m. Hp m ny gi vai tr ch cht trong my gii kt, nh Perfect cadence, Imperfect cadence, Haft cadence c. Hp m bc IV (F) rt mnh, hp m ny c dng trong gii kt gio ng

(Plagal cadence)

d. Hp m bc vi (Am) nh nhng l hp m tng ng ca hp m Ch m Do e. Hp m bc ii c mc quan trng gn nh hp m bc V nhng nh nhng hn. f. Hp m bc iii yu nht trong m giai, thng ng trc hp m bc vi di hnh thc III hoc III7.

3. Chn Hp m Chn hp m cho ng v hay l mt ngh thut i hi phi c kin thc m nhc phong ph v giu kinh nghim.

Di y l my nguyn tc cn bn :

a. S dng 3 hp m chnh cho mt bi ht, l hp m I, IV v V. Ba hp m ny nu s dng ng ch v hp l cng tm v hay ri.

b. Bn cnh s dng thm nhng hp m ph thay i mu sc v din t nhng cm xc vui bun khc nhau.

c. Ngoi ra cn c s dng nhng hp m tng, hp m gim. d. Nn s dng hp m thun nhng v tr chnh nh u bi, u cu, cui cu. e. Hp m nghch cng c s dng to cm gic thc y, c ao trc khi v

hp m chnh. Nht l Gii kt, hp m V7 lun ng trc hp m ch.

C Dm G7 C C Dm Em F G7 C

A F#m Bm E7 - A D - Bm - Em A7 - D

Am Dm E7 - Am Dm Gm A7 Dm


112

4. Cch Tin Hnh Ca Hp m thun (Common Chord Progressions)

* Trng

m giai Trng

Chn hp m Do lm tiu chun

I - ii - IV - I C - Dm - F - C

I ii V I C Dm G - C

I - IV - V - I C - F - G - C

I - vi - IV - I C - Am - F - C

I - vi - ii - V - I C - Am - Dm - G - C

I - vi - IV - I C - Am - F - C

I - ii - IV - V - I C - Dm - F - G - C

I - ii - iii - IV - V - I C - Dm - Em - F - G - C

I - IV - iii ii - V - I C - F - Em Dm - G - C

I - IV - iii vi ii - V - I C - F - Em Am Dm - G - C

I - vi - IV - V - I C - Am - F - G - C

. Cc hp m V, vi, ii v iii thng chuyn sang hp m 7

* Th

m giai Th Chn hp m La Th lm tiu chun

i - iv - V - i Am - Dm - E - Am

i IV VI - V i Am Dm F E - Am

i - III - iv - i Am - C - Dm - Am

i - III - V - i Am - C - E - Am

i - III - VI - V - i Am - C - F - E - Am

i - III - iv - VII - i Am - C - Dm - G - Am

i - VI - V - i Am - F - E - Am

i - VII - VI - V - i Am - G - F - E - Am


113

Phn Tch Din Tin Bc i Ca Cc Hp m

* Hp m Trng

a. Cn hp m tr v hp m ch I to Gii kt.

b. Dng hp m V I hoc I

c. Chn hp m chuy n n hp m V : theo chuyn tin chu k

qung 5 th chn hp m ii : ii V.

d. Chn hp m chuy n n hp m : theo chuyn tin chu k

qung 5 th chn hp m IV : IV

e. Chn hp m chuy n n hp m IV : theo chuyn tin chu k

qung 5 th chn hp m bc I : I - IV

f. Chn hp m chuy n n hp m ii : theo chuyn tin chu k

qung 5 th chn hp m bc vi : vi ii


114

g. Chn hp m chuy n n hp m vi : theo chuyn tin

chu k qung 5 th chn hp m bc iii : iii vi

h. Hp m t m (Dominant chord) l hp m bc V. Hp m bc

vii cng c vai tr tng t, c cng nhn l Hp m t m

(Dominant chord)

i. Hp m bc ii v bc IV i trc V v vii0 c gi l tin t m

(Predominant)

j. Theo biu di hp m vii0 v iii l mnh nht.

- Ly hp m Do Trng l ch m, cc hp m tin hnh nh

sau :

Em Am Dm G C

Em C F B0 C

* Hp m Th

- Biu Tin hnh ca hp m Th cng tng t nh ca hp m Trng. - Ch c mt vi thay i chnh l chuyn ti hp m bc III khng

phi l hp m 7 gim (vii0) m l VII Trng (VII). - Chuyn ti hp m VII l hp m iv Th trong chu k tin hnh.


115

Chuyn ng nt nn (Root motion) ca Hp m

- Xung qung 3 : C - Am

Chuyn ng nt nn (Root Motion) l chuyn ng nt nn ca hp m ny

sang nt nn ca hp m khc.

. Dng hp m I v hp m vi ca Do Trng (C Major)

. Nt nn ca hp m bc I l Do (C)

. Nt nn ca hp m bc vi l La (A)

. Chuyn ng nt nn ca bc I v vi l xung qung 3 (down a third) :

La

- Ln qung 6 : C - Am

. Hoc ln qung 6 (up a sixth) : - La


116

- Ln qung 2 v xung qung 7 : F - G

Hp m bc IV th o 1 chuyn ti hp m bc V

Nt nn ca hp m bc IV l Fa (F)

Nt nn ca hp m bc V l Sol (G)

Chuyn ng nt nn ca bc IV v V l ln qung 2 (up a second)

Hoc xung qung 7 ( down a seventh)

- Ln qung 4 : C - F

Nt nn ca hp m bc I l Do (C)


Chuyn ng nt nn ca bc I v IV l ln qung 4 (up a fourth)

- Xung qung 5 : Dm - G

Nt nn ca hp m bc ii l Re (D)

Nt nn ca hp m bc V l Sol (G)


117

Chuyn ng nt nn ca bc ii v V l xung q. 5 (down a fifth)

- Xung qung 5 : Em - Am

Nt nn ca hp m bc iii l Mi (E)

Nt nn ca hp m bc vi l La (A)

Chuyn ng nt nn ca bc iii v vi l xung qung 5 (down a

fifth) : Mi - La

- Ln qung 4 : F Bdim


Nt nn ca hp m bc vii l Si (B)

Chuyn ng nt nn ca bc IV v vii l ln qung 4 (up a fourth)

Hp m th o 1 : Re - Si Re - Fa

Nhn xt cch tin hnh ca mt chui hp m Do Trng :


118

Hp m bc I ti IV ri ti : C F - Bdim

T hp m bc chuyn ti iii ri ti vi : Bdim Em - Am

T hp m bc vi chuyn ti ii ri ti V v cui cng ti hp m bc I : vi ii V I

Nhn xt cch Chuyn hp m ca mt chui hp m Do Th :

Hp m bc i ti iv ri ti VII : C Fm - Bb

T hp m bc VII chuyn ti III ri ti VI : Bb E - A

T hp m bc VI chuyn ti ii0 ri ti V v cui cng ti hp m bc I : VI iv VII III VI - ii0 V - i

Cc hp m chuyn theo chu k qung 4, qung 5 Cc hp m chuyn xung qung 5 : Fa-Do, Si-Mi, La-Re, Sol-Do

Cc hp m chuyn ln qung 4 : Fa-Si, Mi-La, Re-Sol.

Biu Tng Kt Chuyn Hp m

Trng Th


119

t Hp m

V tr t hp m :

- u trng canh

- nhng nt nhc c trng di

- nhng ch o phch

- mi phch khi on nhc chm ri

- i vi nhp 4/4 : c th t phch 1, 3


120

- mi phch khi on nhc chm ri


121

- u trng canh

Chui Ngc Vng Kinh

Phm c Huyn


122

p Dng Chu K Qung 5 Trong Vic Chuyn Cung


123

Cnh Hoa Tuyt Vi Tram Hng


124


125

- nhng ch o phch


126

- i vi nhp 2/4 : c th t phch 1 v phch 2


127

- i vi nhp 6/8 : c th t phch 1 v phch 2


128

- i vi nhp 3/4 : c th t phch 1,2 v 3


129

- t hp m vo mi phch mnh

Bng Hng Dng M Phanxico


130


131

Ct Ting Ha Ca


132


133

Con Ch L To Vt


134

Ca Dao M Du Hin


135


136

Khc Ca Dng M


137

Ting Nhc Oai Hng


138


139


140

Hang B-Lem

Hi Linh


141


142


143

Ca Khc Trm Hng


144


145

ng C Ti

H ng L n


146


147

Lng Nghe Li Cha

Nguy n Duy


148

Xin Vng


149

B Xanh T Ti


150

Ave Maria


151

Ave Maria

Franz Schubert


152

I Heard It Through The Grapevine

Norman J.WhitfielD Barrett Strong


153


154


155

Love Story


156


157

Winter Night Song


158


159

Show Me The Way


160


161


162


163

You and I


164


165

Flower Song

From Carmen George Bizet


166


167

nhac ly dien giai

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