ngwedaung journal vol.2 issue.2

1

twGJ-(2)/ trSwf-(2)?twGJ-(2)/ trSwf-(2)?twGJ-(2)/ trSwf-(2)?twGJ-(2)/ trSwf-(2)?twGJ-(2)/ trSwf-(2)?

APRIL, 2011

rmwdum

=u,fpifwyGifh.txk`Wd pm-(4)

vdyfjym pm-(5)trSefw&m; pm-(6)

pm-(9) rS (14)

pm-(15) rS (19)

ynm&Sdrsm;.tqdktrdef@ pm-(20)

oifh0ef;usifrSaq;wr,f pm-(21)

yvyfpwpfESifhusef;rma&; pm-(22)

onfvdk=ujyefawmhvnf;a=umufwwfom;yJ pm-(26)

umv0dygwfaemufydk;wuf pm-(30)

wm0efausESifhonfh=u,faºuwyGifh pm-(33)

pm-(36) rS (44)

pm-(7) rS (8)

2

aiGawmif*sme,faiGawmif*sme,faiGawmif*sme,faiGawmif*sme,faiGawmif*sme,f

u&ifeDowif;at*sifpDrSxkwfa0jzef‹csDonf

a&G;aumufyGJrwdkifrDu xifa=u;trsKd;rsKd;jzihf a&G;aumufyGJrS xGufay:vmrnhf&vm'fESifh a&G;aumufyGJtvGefumvYjzpfay:vmrnhf tajymif;tvJrsm;udk rdrdwdk@±_axmifhtzkHzkHrS aumufcsufcscJh=uonfrSm jynfwGif;aexdkifolrsm;u aomifrwif/ a&rustawG;tjrifrsm;&SdcJhouJhodk@ jynfya&mufaeolrsm;. ±_jrifr_rsm;rSmvnf; ta&S@taemuf/ awmifajrmuf tb,furf;udk rSef;&rnfrodbJ &ifwooESifh &wufrat;&aomtjzpfrSm ,ae@wdkifyif?

omrefjynfolrsm;jzifh [efjyzGJ@pnf;xm;cJhonhf jynfaxmifpk}uHhcdkifa&;ESifh zGH@òzd;a&;toif;udk zsufodrf;umppfwyfudk,fwdkifOD;aqmifr_ðyonhf EdkifiHa&;ygwDtjzpf ajymif;vJcJhouJhodk@ a&G;aumufyGJwGifvnf; wbufowf tEdkif&&Sd&ef enf;rsKd;pkHjzifh twif;t=uyfvdrfvnfvkyfaqmifoGm;vdrfhrnf[k trsm;uxifa=u;ay;aer_onf trSefyifjzpfcJhonf? acgif;usufacgif;pm;/ t+rD;usuft+rD;pm;rnhf aAmif;awmf+idrfhrsm;onf ppfwyftwGif;wGifomru jynfolt=um;wGifvnf; &Sdvmrnfudkvnf; ,kHrSm;oHo,r&Sdonhftwdkif;yif jzpfvmcJhonf?

Todk@ ppfAdkvfrsm;ESifh tm%m/ aiGa=u;tay: tv$rf;oihfaeonhf EdkifiHa&;orm;qdkolrsm;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;orm;rsm;pk±kH;&m trnfcHygvDrefESifh tpdk;&wdk@onf wdkif;jynftwGif; rDSwif;aexdkif=uukefaom jynfolrsm;. b0jzpfay:ajymif;vJwdk;wufa&;twGuf rnfodk@r#vkyfaqmifay;rnf r[kwfouJhodk@ vkyfaqmifay;&efqENvnf; tvsOf;&Sdolrsm;r[kwfonfudk ESpfumvrsm;pGmjzpfay:cJhonhf oufaorsm;u jynfolrsm;udk odapcJh+yD;jzpfonf?

odk@wdkifatmif jynfolrsm;taejzifh tcsdefukef/ vlyef;cH+yD; ‚if;wdk@ajymonhf pnf;urf;jynfh0aom 'Drdkua&pD/ wajz;ajz;ESifh tajymif;tvJqDodk@ OD;wnfvkyfaqmifaeonf? rlay:vpDrsm;csrSwftaumiftxnfazmfaeygonf[laom ppftm%m&Sifvlwpfpk. qdk±dk;pum;rsm;aemufodk@ em;a,mifum apmihfpm;ae&ef vdkygao;.avm?

,ckwavmwGif taemufEdkifiHrsm;. pD;yGm;a&;ydwfqdk@r_rsm; avsmhay;a&; odk@r[kwf ±kyfodrf;ay;a&;/ trsKd;om; jyefvnf&if=um;apha&;/ vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhay;a&;/ a'ozGH@òzd;a&;udk twlwuGwdk;chsJvkyfaqmifa&;ESifh aiGacs;r_rsm;ydkrdkvkyfaqmifa&;/ 'kuQonfrsm; jynfawmfjyefydk@a&;/ a&wdka&&SnfpDrHudef;rsm;csrSwfvkyfaqmifa&;/ vlr_toif;tzGJ@rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;paom awmif;qdkoHrsm;onf rnfonhft&mudkr# vkyfaqmifay;ygrnf[k rnfonhftcgrSrajymcJhonhf/ uwdray;cJhonhf ppfacgif;aqmifrsm;OD;aqmifaom tpdk;&opfudk &&Sd&ef&mE_ef;jynfheD;yg;raojcmaomar#mfvifhcsufrsm;jzifh avcsKdaoG;ae=uonfrSm rdrdudk,fudkokH;oyf&ef owdarhavsmh aeouJhodk@ jzpfaeayonf?

tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;uvnf; rdrdEdkifiH. tusKd;pD;yGm;udk&nfar#mf+yD; tpdk;&opftaejzifh 'Drdkua&pDpepfxGef;um;a&;ESifhywfoufI rnfonhfu¾udk taumiftxnfazmfonfjzpfap/ razmfonfjzpfap ArmjynfwGif;a&;udpPomjzpfonf[laom oHk;oyfcsufjzifh rodusKd;u|Hðyae=uum tusKd;wlpD;yGm;udk wufvmonhf tpdk;&opfESifh vkyfaqmif&efom avoHypfae=uonf?

vtwef=umcJh+yDjzpfaomfvnf; r+yD;qkH;Edkifonhf rlqvifEdkifiHrsm;rS tm%m&Siftpdk;&rsm;udk ðzwfcs&ef wdkufyGJ0ifae=uonhf jynfolrsm;. toHrsm;/ aoG;ajrusr_rsm;onf Armjynfta&;ESifh rnfodk@qufpyfvmEdkifonfudk rnfolr#wpGef;wpajymjcif; r&Sdoavmuf+idrfoufaeayonf? rar#mfvifhaomtcsdefwGif rar#mfvifhonhft&mrsm; jzpfvmEdkifonfudk owdcsyftyfvSayonf? oufqdkifolrsm;tm;vkH;taejzifh rdrd.a&ajryx0Dtaetxm;ESifh o,HZmwt&if;tjrpfrsm;jzifh rdrdta&;udk rdrduom vkyf,lrS&onfqdkonfudk em;vnfxm;a&;onfom ta&;}uD;yga=umif;today;vdkygonf?

3


APRIL, 2011

u&ifeDtrsKd;om;wdk;wufa&;ygwD/ ygwDt&HA[dkaumfrwD0ifu&ifeDwyfrawmf trSwf=(3) wyf&if;/ wyf&if;rª;'k=Ad kvfrª;}uD;rd ka&S;.u&ifeDwyfrawmf trSwf=(3) wyf&if;/ wyf&if;rª;'k=Ad kvfrª;}uD;rd ka&S;.u&ifeDwyfrawmf trSwf=(3) wyf&if;/ wyf&if;rª;'k=Ad kvfrª;}uD;rd ka&S;.u&ifeDwyfrawmf trSwf=(3) wyf&if;/ wyf&if;rª;'k=Ad kvfrª;}uD;rd ka&S;.u&ifeDwyfrawmf trSwf=(3) wyf&if;/ wyf&if;rª;'k=Ad kvfrª;}uD;rd ka&S;.

udk,fa&;txky`wW dud k,fa&;txky`wW dud k,fa&;txky`wW dud k,fa&;txky`wW dud k,fa&;txky`wW d

apmrdka&S;udk tzzdk;vrm;ESifh trdar&Dwdk@rS 1959-ckESpfY a'ga&mclòrd@/ bmwdk&GmwGifarG;zGm;chJonf? twef;ynmudk vGdKifaumfòrd@/ trSwf(1) txufwef;ausmif;wGif '\rwef;txd oif=um;chJonf?

1988-ckESpfwGif u&ifeDtrsKd;om;ckcHawmfvSefa&;odk@ 0ifa&mufcJhonf? tajccHppfynmoifwef;tygwfpOf 22§88 qif;+yD; eef;tGrftaumufcGefXmeY &kH;pma&;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifchJonf? 1989-ckESpfwGif aumfvH(2) &kH;xdkifrª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifchJonf? aumfvH(4) wdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;csdefwGif aumfvH(4)a&;&mrª;tjzpf wm0eftyfESif;jcif;cHchJ&onf?

1998-ckESpfwGif wyf&if;-(2) wyfa&;Adkvf}uD;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifchJ+yD;/ wyf&if;(2)/ wyfcGJ-(4)wGif wyfcGJrª;tjzpf qufvufwm0efxrf;aqmifchJonf?

2004-ckESpfwGif trSwf-(2)wyf&if;/ 'k-wyf&if;rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifchJ+yD;/ 2008-ckESpf/trSwf-(3) wyf&if;wdk;cs@JzGJ@pnf;onfhtcsdefwGif trSwf-(3)wyf&if;/ wyf&if;rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifchJonf?

2009-ckESpf/ {+yDvwGif usif;yðyvkyfaom (11)}udrfajrmuf u&ifeDtrsKd;om;wdk;wufa&;ygwD/ygwDuGef*&ufY ygwDt&HA[dkaumfrDwD0iftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cHchJ&onf?

trSwf-(3)wyf&if;/ wyf&if;rª;tjzpfESifhvnf;aumif;/ ygwDt&HA[dkaumfrDwD0iftjzpfESifhvnf;aumif; us&mwm0efrsm;udkxrf;aqmif&if; 2011-ckESpf/ {+yDv (1)&ufae@n (10;30)em&DtcsdefwGifwdkif;jynfESifhvlrsKd;twGuf toufay;pGef@oGm;chJonf?

'k-Adkvfrª;}uD;rdka&S;uG,fvGefcsdefwGif ZeD;jzpfolaemfy&D;'DESifh om;/ orD; (5)OD;usef&pfcJhonf?

4



ysHavOD;awmhodef;iSuf}uD;a&

[dk;--tjrifhqHk;rSmtawmifawG tqHk;pGefjzef@

wdk@rsm; csufðryf&maiGawmifjynf&Jh

aumif;uif,HrSmaygh---?

wcsdefuu&ifeDjynfwv$m;

e,fpGefe,fzsm;rusefwawm0ifwawmifxGuf

jynfol@twGuf&efpG,frsm;udk&Sif;cJhwm

u&ifeDordkif;uarmfuGef;xdk;&pfygrSmyg--?

wae@aomtcgTc&D;

b,folrSr+iD;pwrf;av#mufvSrf;&rSmjzpfayrJhwdkif;jynfeJ@vlrsKd;twGuf

wdk@vkyfp&mr+yD;ao;wJhtcsdef

vrf;w0ufrSm

usef&pfwm0rf;enf;p&myg?

&Jabmf}uD;a&E_wfrquf/ vufrjy

&kwfw&ufxGufcGg oGm;+yDqdkawmhvJaumif;&modk@om oGm;ESifhyg?

&Jabmf}uD;ub0eJ@&if;I

wm0efauscJhyg+yD/wdkif;jynfeJ@ vlrsKd;twGuftrsm;}uD;xrf;&GufcJhyg+yD

u&ifeDordkif;rSm aumif;aom &mZ0if

uAsnf;wifcJhyg+yDav---?

(1-4-2011 &ufae@wGif a&S@wef;e,fajrwae&mY wm0efxrf;aqmif&if;usqHk;oGm;onfh u&ifeDwyfrawmf trSwf-(3) wyf&if;/ wyf&if;rª;

'k-Adkvfrª;}uD;rdka&S; twGuf trSwfw&a&;zGJ@onf)

aomoDcdk (05-04-11/ 14;55)

-u,fpifwyGifh. txkywWd

5


APRIL, 2011

vdyfjym[dkwkef;uvdk

wa,moHoJhoJh rD;cdk;awGtla0wJhokn&SdwJh t&yfrsufESmudk

igjyefrrSwfrdawmh?

ESif;yGifhwJhaqmif;/trdk;tHk@tHk@rkef@qkdif

oDcsif;oHrSm jyefcHpm;}unfhcsif?

aus;vufnawGaps;wef;av;&Jh&eH@

taumifAavmifav;&Jh&oigbmrSrrSwfrdawmh?

tarhta=umif;/ausmif;ta=umif;tAsmta=umif;/cspfolta=umif;

bmqdkbmrSrrSwfrd?

ighudk,figvnf;rrSwfrdtdyfrufav;a&

uqkefayguf&vGef;vdk@ armvS+yD;ighqD igjyefa&mufygawmhrvm;?

(aerif;)

6



trSefw&m;jzpf±kd;jzpfpOfxJrSmawmif

ig[m tkyfcGJcHvdkuf&wJhusm;pum;aemufrSm w&m;awG?

vmrajymeJ@odk;[mvnf;wd&p>mef

pm;-r,ftdyf-r,f

vdifudpP&Sdr,fcifAsm;bmajymrvJ ?

urWmay:rSmig[m igyJjzpfw,fvuf0JokEN&r[kwfteE Wol&d,r[kwfeydkvD,Hr[kwf ?

b0udk rsOf;ajzmifhqGJwdkif;r&vdkufwmtm;vHk;udk iwfw,f?

xyfajym&&ifurWmay:rSm

ig[mjrpfvufwufr[kwf

ighrdb&J@udk,fyGm;r[kwfewfbk&m;&J@wrefawmfr[kwf?

ig[maumifuifawmfqDudk

vGwfvGwfvyfvyfpD;aewJh yifrjrpfbk&m;+yD;&if t&mcyfodrf;&J@

A[kdcsufjzpfw,f?'gayr,fh

bk&m;±kSd@xm;wJhrD;udk +idrf;zdk@usawmh-----

(aeae)

7


APRIL, 2011

7/ rwfv?

rwfv-(7) &ufae@/ eHeuf 7;50 em&Dtcsdefcef@wGif &Srf;-u&ifeDe,fpyf/ vdGKifzDawmiftajcpdkuf cr&-332rS Adkvf}uD;pdk;&mZmOD;pD;wyfcGJe,fajr&Sif;vif;&efcsDwufpOf u&ifeDjynfwyfrawmf/ wyf&if;-(3) rSwyfzGJ@wzGJ@u apmifhóudwdkufcdkufcJh&m eHeuf 7;50 rS 8;30 em&Dtxd wdkufyGJjzpfyGm;+yD; &efolbufrS 2 OD;aoqHk;+yD;/ 3 OD;'%f&m&&SdoGm;onf?

9/ rwfv?

rwfv-(9) &ufae@/ rGef;vGJ-(2) em&DtcsdefwGif &Srf;-u&ifeDe,fpyf/ vdGKifzDawmifteD;Y e,fajrv_yf&Sm;aeaom &efolcr&-332 wyfrS ppfa=umif;wpfa=umif;tm; u&ifeDwyfrawmf/ wyf&if;-(3)rS wyfzGJ@wpfzGJ@u xyfrHypfcwfwdkufcdkufcJh&m &efolxdcdkufr_rod&/ rdrdbufrSxdcdkufr_r&Sd?

9/ rwfv?

rwfv-(9) &ufae@/ nae-(4) em&DtcsdefwGif u&ifeDa&S@wef;e,fajr/ tifawmukef;xdkif cv&-(72) wyfzGJ@rSa&cyfqif;pOf u&ifeDwyfrawmf/ wyfzGJ@wpfzGJ@rS ajymufusm;ypfcwfcJh&m &efolbufrS wyf=uyfwOD;aoqHk;oGm;onf?

14/ rwfv?

rwfv-(14) &ufae@/ nae-(4;30) em&DtcsdefwGif armfcsD;/ xif;&l;awmifpcef;tajcpdkuf cv&-(135) rSwyfzGJ@ wpfzGJ@a&cyfqif;pOf u&ifeDwyfrawmfrSaxmifxm;aom rdkif;eif;rdI &efolwyf=uyfwOD; nmbufajcaxmuf'l;atmufydkif;rSjywfxGufoGm;onf?

16/ rwfv?

rwfv-(16) &ufae@/ nae-(6) em&DtcsdefwGif ,dk;pyf&m;&Gmodk@0ifvmaom &efol cr&-275 ppfa=umif;ESifhu&ifeDjynf/ trSwf-(3) c&dkiftwGif;a&;rª;OD;pDonfh c&dkifajymufusm;wyfwdk@ wdkufyGJjzpfyGm;&m &efolxdcdkufr_rod& rdrd

bufrS c&dkiftwGif;a&;rª;vufarmif;wGif usnfi,f&SyfxdoGm;onf?

18/ rwfv?

rwfv-(18) &ufae@/ eHeuf-(10) em&DtcsdefwGif armfcsD;-(6) rdkifpcef;xdkif/ &efolwyf cv&-134 udk u&ifeDwyfrawmf/ wyf&if;-(1) rSwyfzGJ@wpfzGJ@u 0ifa&mufypfcwf&m &efolbufrSwyf=uyfwpfOD; '%f&mtjyif;txef&&SdoGm;

onf?

8



7/ {+yD?{+yDv (7) &ufae@/ eHeuf (10) em&DtcsdefY tv,fydkif;cGif/ 'D;armqdkòrd@e,f/ a'gwr}uD;&GmteD;wGif u&ifeD

jynfwyfrawmf/ wyf&if;-(2) rSwyfzGJ@wpfzGJ@ESifh &efolcr&-(576) wdk@ wdkufyGJjzpfyGm;&m &efolbufrSxdcdkufr_rod&/ rdrdbufrSxdcdkufr_r&Sd?

7/ {+yD?{+yDv (7) &ufae@/ rGef;vGJ (1) em&DtcsdefY armfcsD;òrd@/ 13 ukef;wGif u&ifeDjynf/ trSwf-(2) c&dkifajymufusm;

wyfrS &efol cr&-(134) tm;ypfcwfwdkufcdkufcJh&m &efolxdcdkufr_udkrod&Sd&yg?

12/ {+yD?2011-ckESpf/ {+yDv (12) &ufae@/ n (10) em&DtcsdefwGif zmaqmif;òrd@e,f/ 13 rdkif&Sd cJrjzLjynfol@ppf pcef;

wGif pcef;rª;apmzdk;cGg;/ wyfzGJ@0ifausmfOD;/ apmv,fxl;/ armifvGifESifhZD;ZD (4) OD;wm0efusv#uf&SdcsdefwGif wyfom;ausmfOD;rSpcef;rª;jzpfol apmzdk;cGg;udkypfowfI wyfom;apmt,fxl;ESifharmifvGifudk ac:,lIpcef;rSxGufajy;cJhygonf? vrf;ckvwfYwyfom;ausmfOD;rS u&ifeDwyfzGJ@ESifh pum;ajymppfjzifhqufoG,fac:,laepOf apmt,fxl;rSudkifaqmifaomvufeufjzifhwyfom;ausmfOD;udkypfowf+yD;/ cJrjzLodk@jyefvnfowif;ydk@cJha=umif;od&Sd&ygonf?

16/ {+yD?2011-ckESpf/ {+yDv (16) &ufae@/ rGef;vGJ (2;20) em&DtcsdefwGif abmvcJòrd@e,f/ eef;zJpcef;xdkif 'k-wyf&if;rª;

0if;òzd;jrwfOD;pD; cv&-(135) rSwyf=uyfrdk;ausmfolOD;pD; (6) OD;/ ig;&Sm/ zm;&SmxGuf+yD;tjyefwGif u&ifeDwyfrawmf wyfzGJ@wpfzGJ@rSqD;óudwdkufcdkuf&m rGef;vGJ (2;20) em&DrS (2;40) em&Dtxd tjyeftvSefypfcwfr_jzpfyGm;+yD;aemuf &efolbufrSwyf=uyfrdk;ausmfol/ wyf=uyf=unfvd_ifESifhwyfom; (2) OD;aygif; (4) OD;usqHk;oGm;onf rdrdbufrSxdcdkufr_r&Sd?

22/ {+yD?2011-ckESpf/ {+yDv (22) &ufae@/ rGef;vGJ 3 em&DcGJ tcsdefwGif zmaqmif;òrd@e,f/ xl;csyftay:em;wGif cJwif

vmonfh &efolbufrSjynfol@ppfAdkvfbvl;'dkydkif &§u-4296 ,mOftm; u&ifeDwyfrawmf wyfzGJ@wzGJ@rS&yfwef@ppfaq;Ium;ay:yg ,leDazmif; (2) pHktm;odrf;qnf;um ,mOfarmif;atmifatmifESifh ul;ulESpfOD;tm; ppfaq;&efac:,lxm;+yD;um;udk rD;&d_@zsufqD;vdkufonf? ,mOfarmif;atmifatmifESifhul;ulESpfOD;tm; ppfaq;&m‚if;wdk@ (2) OD;rSm t&yfom;rsm;

omjzpfa=umif;xGufqdk=uonf?

24/ {+yD?2011-ckESpf/ {+yDv (24) &ufae@/ rGef;wnfh (12) em&DtcsdefwGif zmaqmif;òrd@e,f/ xdk;'dkav;cdkESifh yGg'kd&Gm

t=um;wGif u&ifeDwyfrawmfrS ppfa=umif;wpfa=umif;ESifh &efolwyf cv&-134 rS Adkvf}uD;rif;xGef;OD;pD;wyfcGJ &ifqdkifwdkufyGJjzpfyGm;&m rdrdbufrSxdcdkufr_r&Sd/ &efolbufrSwyfom;wOD; xdcdkuf'%f&m&&SdoGm;a=umif;od&Sd&ygonf?

29/ {+yD?2011-ckESpf/ {+yDv (29) &ufae@/ eHeuf 10;30 em&DtcsdefwGif xif;&l;awmifpcef;xdkif Adkvfoef;0if;udk OD;pD;

wyfpktm; u&ifeDwyfrawmf wyfpkwpkrS aysmuf=um;ypfcwfwdkufcdkuf&m &efolbufrSwyfom;wOD;aoqHk;oGm;onf/rdrdbufrS xdcdkufr_r&Sd?

9


APRIL, 2011

[KhcugnH yg,kyeGg bkdfga;dJh byglkKl;Kg[KhcugnH yg,kyeGg bkdfga;dJh byglkKl;Kg[KhcugnH yg,kyeGg bkdfga;dJh byglkKl;Kg[KhcugnH yg,kyeGg bkdfga;dJh byglkKl;Kg[KhcugnH yg,kyeGg bkdfga;dJh byglkKl;Kg

bf:zc;Gh 24. 2011//bf:zc;Gh 24. 2011//bf:zc;Gh 24. 2011//bf:zc;Gh 24. 2011//bf:zc;Gh 24. 2011//

ey bkKokatgamky (2)bFh sf jfga;fhbJh cdtvGh sdtg [KhcugnH bkmyhsf wuhbtyh

sfgugkK (34)sfg sdtg yg,kyeGg bkdfg;kKga;dJh ug[t lrkGhaHh a;dJhjf ygcdf jkfhug

byglkKl;Kg Ggb(14) jfgbJh ey Ggiyh a;dJhjf vfhcdJ sdtgrK fgvyh[katg zKzyg jfgvu

;fgjkFh skyadfh skyeGg jkGgrJg nHdJhsdtg/

ey bf:zc;Gh (19)iGh sdtg bkdfg;kKg bthvHg oHoJg ;yg'ku:zky: fgbf 3^27-1 rK kJsf

juhzdtnFg skysf a;dJhjf jfgqyh jfgqkfg fgjkFg (30) sdtgjug nHdJhsdtg/

idfnHsdtg ey bf:zc;Gh (22)iGhsdtg ;ugvfh;ug [KhnH lfgskG jfg[kxth yg,kFeGg odthkK

byglkKl;Kg Ggb(14) jfgbJh bkf[t bkdfg;kKga;dJh fgbf (134) ygcdf jkfhug ey Ggiyh

a;dJhjf (64)btTh ugsdtg/

a;dJh uglkK [Khcug jfglrkGg oJga;dfga;dJh uglkK [Khcug jfglrkGg oJga;dfga;dJh uglkK [Khcug jfglrkGg oJga;dfga;dJh uglkK [Khcug jfglrkGg oJga;dfga;dJh uglkK [Khcug jfglrkGg oJga;dfg

Jglrtg;Gh (12)iGh. 2011//J glrtg;Gh (12)iGh. 2011//J glrtg;Gh (12)iGh. 2011//J glrtg;Gh (12)iGh. 2011//J glrtg;Gh (12)iGh. 2011//

a;dJhnH uglkK [Khcug bkf[t bkdfg;kKga;dJh sKhoHg;kfg lrkGgeKhidu bkdfg;kKg

jfgkJg ugey vGhbfgndHg (13)btTh bmkyhsf zdKgHh sdtg vGidJh skyadfh Gga;dJhjfgvHg

nuhvmfh odth yg;ugsky wKh;GgGgoHh sf btIg;mtyg rK oJga;dfgl;G [t Ggiyh a;dJhjf ey

bkKvy fgvGhsdtg/

jfg[tgrK wKhGg;GgoHh sdtg vGidJhadfh zdKgHh ey zdKgHh ,fzF l;muhoFh afgdfh;kyg-

a;dJh fgvGh/ wKhGg;GgoHh sdtg a;dfgakfgvdJh [t vGhbfgndHg jfaHh ey sdtgjfgpJh

jfg[tgrK btIg;mtyg sdtg iGygcJh akfgjktGg jfgnkatjkath/ bfgsfrK btIg;mtyg sdtg

akfgjkdtvdJh [t vGhbfgndHg jfaHh ey fgsug jfgruhsdtg/

10



bkdfg;kKga;dJh idJhbkJGbkdfg;kKga;dJh idJhbkJGbkdfg;kKga;dJh idJhbkJGbkdfg;kKga;dJh idJhbkJGbkdfg;kKga;dJh idJhbkJG

Jglrtg;Gh (16)iGh. 2011//Jglrtg;Gh (16)iGh. 2011//Jglrtg;Gh (16)iGh. 2011//Jglrtg;Gh (16)iGh. 2011//Jglrtg;Gh (16)iGh. 2011// afgdfh;kyg a;dJhnH jfgbkHg uglkK vGcFg bkdfg;kKga;dJh-

nH ug[t skfhnGhjf a;dJhlrku fgbf (135) ey Ggiyh zdtbdflkHh lkFJg[yg rK akfgvdJh

fgvGhsdtg/ nHsdtgrK bkdfg;kKg a;dJhnH idJhskyadfh ;mkyhlrkGg bmkyhsf bkuhzdKgiHg.

zdyg;ktTg. dGhbtyh sf itfhwkKgmtyh/

bkdfg;kKga;dJh jfgbGgsky [t jfgcfaHhbkdfg;kKga;dJh jfgbGgsky [t jfgcfaHhbkdfg;kKga;dJh jfgbGgsky [t jfgcfaHhbkdfg;kKga;dJh jfgbGgsky [t jfgcfaHhbkdfg;kKga;dJh jfgbGgsky [t jfgcfaHh

Jglrtg;Gh (24)iGh. 2011//Jglrtg;Gh (24)iGh. 2011//Jglrtg;Gh (24)iGh. 2011//Jglrtg;Gh (24)iGh. 2011//Jglrtg;Gh (24)iGh. 2011// afgdfh;kyg a;dJhnH jfgbkHg lkKhjkfhcFg sf bkdfg;kKga;dJh

ugey a;dJhlrku fgbf (134) [t a;dJhvHg btyhothYHh jkGglt;kGh ey oug[ug ;kJhvug sf

lmfg[ug [Khl;Gg ey bkKodtg cdtvGh/ bkdfg;kKg a;dJhnH bmkyhsf zdygvtTg jfgbGg

skyadfh. jfg[tgrK afgdfh;kyga;dJh jfgadJh jfgbF jfgbGg skysfjug/

afgdfh;kyg-a;dJh ygcFadfh ;kKg;kyg [dfgskylrkGh jfgvHgafgdfh;kyg-a;dJh ygcFadfh ;kKg;kyg [dfgskylrkGh jfgvHgafgdfh;kyg-a;dJh ygcFadfh ;kKg;kyg [dfgskylrkGh jfgvHgafgdfh;kyg-a;dJh ygcFadfh ;kKg;kyg [dfgskylrkGh jfgvHgafgdfh;kyg-a;dJh ygcFadfh ;kKg;kyg [dfgskylrkGh jfgvHg

Jglrtg;Gh (22)iGh. 2011//Jglrtg;Gh (22)iGh. 2011//Jglrtg;Gh (22)iGh. 2011//Jglrtg;Gh (22)iGh. 2011//Jglrtg;Gh (22)iGh. 2011// afgdfh;kyg a;dJhnH jfgbkHg uglkK lkFcFg ;kKg;kyg

jfgvHg [dfgsky lrkGh rK kdfhjkdtey oHh odJh;kdfhbkxt vHgodfg fgvGh sdtg/ rK

ygcF Fhjkfhadfh ;kKg;kygsdtg/ ndJsky a;dJhkdJgzkfg sdJhimu odth lkFsky

lrkGgqkG ;kKg;kyg sdJhlrkGg/ GgiyhkJ sf Ggiyh bfg [KhcugnH zKzFlrG/ odth ;kKg;kyg

sdtgbfg bkf a;dJhuglkK-[Kh a;dJhvHg e;Hh[ug jGh iGpJhsky nHdJhsdtg/

bkdf g;kK ga;dJ h-vmy jkG gzmy goKbkdf g;kK ga;dJ h-vmy jkG gzmy goKbkdf g;kK ga;dJ h-vmy jkG gzmy goKbkdf g;kK ga;dJ h-vmy jkG gzmy goKbkdf g;kK ga;dJ h-vmy jkG gzmy goK

a;dJhnH jkG gjf gry g zfodf gkK [ta;dJhnH jkG gjf gry g zfodf gkK [ta;dJhnH jkG gjf gry g zfodf gkK [ta;dJhnH jkG gjf gry g zfodf gkK [ta;dJhnH jkG gjf gry g zfodf gkK [t

afgdf h;ky g-akJafgdf h;ky g-akJafgdf h;ky g-akJafgdf h;ky g-akJafgdf h;ky g-akJ

bf :zc;G h (31)iG h . 2011/ /

bkdfg;kKga;dJh-vmy jkGgjf gry g sf

zmy goKl;K a;dJhiG h Hlf gjy g [t

[G hjkf h;kdth f grkJsH g . vu hpkfvG h

omkuhodfg bkfkK sf zfodfg ndJl;K

lrkGgsfgzkG sfgug (18) sfg sf fgvHgodfg

jfgkJg ey afgdfh;kyg-akJ fgrkJ zfodfgey

bf:zc;Gh (29)iGh lrkGgndJ jkGgrJg [r

akJaHh jf glrkGg [dJiGpJh skylkJ

nHdJh/

bkdfg;kKga;dJh ug[t a;dJhlrku fgbf

(428) jfgkJg zdtjkdt [t vuhifhbkK-[Kh

ugey nrHgcug qkyhbthaHh sdtgsf ndJl;K

lrkGgsfgzkG sfgug (28)sfg sf fgvHgodfg

f gbmkygiG g. lrkGgsf gzkG jfglrkGg [t

fgbmkyglfg jfglrkGg kJcuglkJ nHdJh/

#dJhbfgbkf afg;H jfgbkfh [t bkdfg;kKg

a;dJh jfgkJg zfodfg bkJg;kdthodfg a;dJh

jkGgzmyg oKl;KiGh Hlfgjyg ey [Ghjkfhug

[t sfgkJsHg sdtg.$ fgkJ/

odthrK ey bf:zc;Gh (30)iGh sdtg bkf

bkdfg;kKga;dJh sdtgjfgbkHg lrG oJgzdt

[t ;kKvFvHg-[Kh sf [KhedfgaHh rK zfodfg(l;muhoFh l;Jgkdfh [t ;ygl;yh sdJhl;Gg(l;muhoFh l;Jgkdfh [t ;ygl;yh sdJhl;Gg(l;muhoFh l;Jgkdfh [t ;ygl;yh sdJhl;Gg(l;muhoFh l;Jgkdfh [t ;ygl;yh sdJhl;Gg(l;muhoFh l;Jgkdfh [t ;ygl;yh sdJhl;Gg

sdt g-sdt g-sdt g-sdt g-sdt g-

11


APRIL, 2011

lrkGgvdfzK jfgkJg (cGgjJh;H)(cGgjJh;H)(cGgjJh;H)(cGgjJh;H)(cGgjJh;H)

lrkGglrkGglrkGglrkGglrkGgvdfvdfvdfvdfvdf;kdfg;kdfg;kdfg;kdfg;kdfgiHgiGiHgiGiHgiGiHgiGiHgiGsfsfsfsfsf

lrkGgsfgzkG oFhvGh vupkf sdtg Gjfgayg

iGpJhomku jfg;muzkdf sf ey Ggiyh

omkuhlrkGglfh fgvGh Ggiyh jfgkJg bkJgzdt

cuhnf cuhrkdfg jkGgbkJg jkGgbkJg nHjJh

sdtgjug/ bkJgjJh kJrK jkGg[dfgbf [dfgjJh

eGgadfsf Ggiyh jkGgndJ jkGgbkJg jfgkJg

;kJbdflkHh iGpJh sdtg ugadfh Gjug fgvHg

fgvdJh sdtglrG/

wKhbkKgrGg. kdfhu gjkfh ey akJ;kdfh

vfh;kJ sdtg [t GgsfgzkG oFhvGhlfh odthrK

[Hgodfg fgvGh omkuha;dJh [t aHh;fh oFhvGh

odth fgsugsdtg akfgugakath sf vmywKcmJg

ey nrHgcug sdtg/ jkdtkK sf bkdfg;kKg

kdfhskxthjkdt [t afgdfh;kyg-akJ odth

odJhakJrJg cHcf rK vmywKcmJg oJgzdt

jfgnfhadfh [e nrHgcug fgvGh GgoJgzdt

rkuakath sf vmywKcmJg [t lrkGhaHh

zyskxth jfgadJh/

btf ht I gitf h;kJ h . u g[t lf h;G h a;FoF h

akJzy;kdfg jfgadJh rK oJgzdt jfgnfh

sf Ggkygndfh-nH jkdt[t akJoJgodfg

jfgadJh sf bkJgjkGg [t aHh;fha;dJh-aHh

ey bkdfgakJ skyeGg ;fhcy akJ eGgeFg;fh

cyjug fgvGhsdtg/ ey bkdfgakJ skyeGgodth

akJ-eGgeFg;fh fgsug sdtg akfgjkdt [t

afgdfh;kyg-akJ odth bkJgjkt jkGgbkJg

sf afgdfh;kyg [HgvHg jfgkJg/

vfnuh. ug[t akJadfh jfgadJh lfgitUg qkyhbth

rK omkuha;dJh [t aHh;fh jfaHh/ bkJgjkGg

[t lkF cypkfg[Hg jfgadJh/ zfodfg ey

bkdfgakJ skyeGgodth akJ-eGgeFg;fh fgsug

sdtg eKidu sf afgdfh;kyg [HgvHg jfgkJg

eK zf bkJgrkujkGg idfnH at bkJgcygl;G

akf gvdJ h af gdf h;ky g-nH [t bkdfg

jkGglt;kGh sdtg/ bkJgidusky afgdfh;kyg

a;dJha;uh jf gkJ g sf jkGglkF sKhJ g

cypkfg[Hg fga;df fga;uh jfgkJgsdtg/

12



zfodfg ey afgdfh;kyg jkGgpkfh afgoKg cfcFg

jkG glt odfgju h f gaH h [H gvH g jf gkJ g

arkFha;Gh vdJh;Hh. skdthaHh vdJh;Hhjug

rK jkGgbkJgidJh bkJgbkJ vdJh[Fg;Hh

jugbfgsf bkdfglkF skyadfh jugbfgsf

eKiduadfh sf bkdfga;dJh/ fgjfg[Fg sdtg

jkdt[t jkGglt odfgjuh fgaHh lrkGglt

edfeFh [HgvHg jfgkJg uglfhjug/

eysdtg fgvGh Ggiyh idthlrkGg sdtg zkHhJg

vdJh;Hh sf ltzdtrku vdJh;Hh nH jkGglt

odfgjuhdJh at ugjfg[Fg adfhjug fgpJhsdtg/

idfnH jkGglt odfgjuh sdtg at zdtoHh

sf jfg[Fgzkdf sf sfg lfgjy fgaHhjug sdtgrK

Ggiyh jfgryg bdflkHh ugzdt vfh;kJ vfhedfg

[t at u g[H g ;kdfodfg sf eKidu

vGvuhzkdf sf bdJhztg [t fga;Kh jfgkJg

sdtgrK ltjfgryg afgoJg [t akJztoJg

odJhvdJg ;kdfhbkxt zyoJg jfgadJh/

ey jkdtkK odJhvdJg ;kdfhbkxt zyoJg

jf gadJ h rK bdfodJg jkf hcF g sf

odJhakJnH ugey zyoJg jfgkJg fgvGh idfnH

bdfodJg iGpJhsK sf skykath iGpJh ugsJg

jkGgrJgjug fgvHg fgvdJh. odJhakJnH jfgkJg

,kFJ g sf ltaF h a;dJha;u h

kdfhskxthjkdt [t Ggiyh vfh;kJ vfhedfg/

bdfodJg Ggiyh sf afgdfh;kyg-a;dJh jfgkJg

bkfjug/

odJhakJnH jfgkJg zfodfg l;muhoFh sf

bkdfga;dJh ug[t ndfH[Kh sf lrkJcyjug

jfgkJg/ bkdfg;kKga;dJh jfgkJg zfodfg

eK gjf gqkf g jkf hjkF h G giy h a;df;kJ

akfgvdJh [t lrkGhaHh jfgadJh sdtg/

bkdfg;kKga;dJh ug[t lrkJcyjug jfgkJg

;kFgvG Ggiyh [t odJhvdJg ;kdfhbkxt

zyoJg jfgadJh fgvHg fgvdJh Ggiyh jfgryg

akf gvdJ h sf at akGeG odJhvdJ g

;kdfhbkxt sdtg/

ey Ggiyh jfgryg akGeG odJhvdJg fgvGh bdf

odJgeGg sf jkGgjfgakGg uglkK eKgeFg Ggiyh

a;df/ nHsdtgrK G giy h at akGeG

odJhvdJg sdtg fgzkdf lfhjug/ nHsdtgrK

zkHhJg vdJh;Hh sf wKhbkKgrGg sdtg at

l;mu h;u g af g;kdfg rdu f gskJ sf

odJhvdJg odth btfhtIgitfh;kJh sdtg ltsky

a;dJhnH ugadfhakath sf GgjfgkJg rK dfzF

akGeG odJhvdJg sdtglrG/ odth bdfodJg

jkfhcFg akfgvdJh;Hh [t lrkGhaHh zyskxth

jfgadJhlfg sdtg/

wKhbkKgrGg sdtg cygl;GeG fgskJ sf

l;muh;ug jkfh fgskJ sf odJhvdJg. jfg[tgrK

btfhtI gitfh ;kJh sf fga;dJhnH jfgkJg

bdfodJgeGg sf bkdfg;kKga;dJh jkGgeKg

jfgqkfgcFg [t odJh a;uh zyskxth jfgadJh/

idfnH bdfodJglfg a;df[t ;kJcygl;G

zdtjfg;mu sdtg uglfh jug fgvHg fgvdJh

fgjfg[Fg sdtg [dfgjkfhadfh Gg iyh cypkfg

[t bkdfg;kKga;dJh ug sf vdfsKh lkF

GgiyhskJ sdtglrG/

ey bkdfg;kKga;dJh lkFskyadfh btfhtIg

itfh;kJh sf fgvuh jfgkJg fgsug sdtg [dfgug

Ggiyh [t iyry[Kh rK oFzJhsky Ggiyh/

sdJhjdfgjug Ggiyh oJga;dfg l;GvdJh

jf glrkGg odth jf g lrkGg / jf g[F gsdtg

btfhtIgitfh;kJh sdtg a;dfg l;Gsky odth

akfgl;KzFh vdJhidf sf [HgvHg fgrkxtg

jfgkJg/

ey bkdfg;kKga;dJh-vHg skJgmtyh sf

fga;dJh jfgkJg lkFzKh [HgvHg jfgkJg odth

13


APRIL, 2011

ltskyadfh odJhakJ ,Jglrkug u gkK

jfgsfg;t fgvGh sdtg zfodfg GcFg fgbkHg

fgl;K lrkGgcfaug Ggiyh jfgkJg ug[t bkygiHg

bkyga;Gh sf ;kJbdf odJg jkfhcFg kJeGg

jtglfg vdJh;Hh sf odJh akJ jkGgjfgzkH

jfgeG fgpJh ey fgsfg 1963 sdtg/

GbkHg sdtg iG;kKh kJeGgcFg sf skJgmtyh

a;dJhvH g f gbkH g f gl;K idfnH

jkG gjf gzkH jf geG at u gakf gvdJ h

bkf;fgauh [t odJhakJ aHh sf at

[dJjkfh ;tefhlkJ GbkHg fgjkGg iG,kF

jfgkJgsdtg/ jfg[tgrK jkfgkJeGg kJcFh

jkfhcFg vdJh;Hh sdtg ugpkJh jdfgjug fgsug

sdtg f gldJadfh/ f gldJadfh nHdJh

bfgbkf bkdfg vtgYbdHgsy: jfgkJg sf

ltaF h f gbkH g f gl;K jf gkJ g zdt

amyhndJl;K fgbHg fgrf sf zmygl;K

oKzFh odJhakJnH fgvHg fgvdJh bkdfg;kKg

sdtg [dfgug akatadfh jkGgugaH ugadf

sdtglrG/

jkdtsf Ggiyh bkxtlrkG afg;kdfg nFgsf

jkGgidJh jfgpJh sdtg Ggiyh dfzF oKkGh

oKrJg sf vdf;kKhiHg ;kKhiG bkJgedfeFh

zdtl;Jgkdf h jkG gndJ jkG gbkJ g [t

jkGglkdf jkGgcGh fga;Gh sdtgbfg lrkGg[Hg

odfgsug vuhpkfvGh jfgkJg bdfodJg iGpJhomu

GlrkGg sfjug/ bkJgjJh kJrK Ggiyh eGgeGg [t

jkGglt odfgjuh fgaHh eGgeGg rfhbf rfhjJh

bkJga;kKg bkJgbfgsky jkGgndJ jkGgbkJg

zf[t [HgvHg jkdt lrkGgarmkuh a;dJhnH

a;uhnH jfgkJg sdtgbfg jkGgjkfhnkatg eGvHg

ugG pfgzK/

jfg[tgrK bkf[t Ggiyh jfgkJg bfg lrkGg[t

[t g;kdtheG g sf ,kH ha;df ,kH ha;u h

lkJlkGg [tpJh sf lkGgjuhaKg bkJgzdtrku

l;Jgkdfh jkG gndJ jkGgbkJ g [t G giy h

bkJgl;F skyjig rK [dfgadfh lkJlkGg

sdtgjfgkJg sdtglrG/ bkf Ggiyh jkGgvdfzkdJh

vdfzkFg sf oKkGh oKrJg rK bkJgbmkuhl;yh

skylkJlkGg a;df[tpJh jFrK vuhpkf lkGg

J grkdfg nmyh,dJg sf bdfodJgeGg sf

jkGglkdf jkGgcGh uglfgjy fgvHg fgvdJh lkGgjuh

kJemy jfgrdJh sf bdfeFh Ggiyh jkGg[tg;kdth

sf jkGgug ifhrdfh edfeFh jfgkJg sdtg;fh /

(kt l;Jgkdfh [t ;ygl;yh sdJhl;Gg sdtg-(kt l;Jgkdfh [t ;ygl;yh sdJhl;Gg sdtg-(kt l;Jgkdfh [t ;ygl;yh sdJhl;Gg sdtg-(kt l;Jgkdfh [t ;ygl;yh sdJhl;Gg sdtg-(kt l;Jgkdfh [t ;ygl;yh sdJhl;Gg sdtg-

odthrK bkdfg;kKga;dJh fgbf (428) sdtg ;H,kf ndJnJg kJgvHg sf ;kJefbuh bkJgidu

jkfhsky a;dJhiGh fgpJh sdtg [KhcugnH jfgkJg vHga;Gh ey ;kKzkdfg. [Kh;kKvHg sf

bfgvrKg cdJ [KhvfhcdJ jfgqyh jfgqkfg sdtg/ [dJiGpJh zmkusJg skJedfgzGg jug odth

l;fakfgvdJh fg'kHg fglrkyg jfgeGjug/

jkGg;kKl;yh dJhjfgkJg omkuhodfg ey lrkGgsfgzkG GlrkGg eJg,kKg eJgiygug sf

bkdfg;kKga;dJh jfgryg zmygoK cmugcKh ;kJomkuh a;dJhnH zfodfg [dJiGpJh ey

sfgkJsHg sdtg/ lrkGgsfgzkG-nH iG;kKh omkuhsf bkdfg;kKga;dJh jfglrkGjug idfnH

Ggiyh bkJgzkdJhzkFg [KhcugnH zfodfg [t Ggiyh kdfhug cKjkfh Ggiyh a;dJhjf ey akJaHh

dJhsdtglfh/

14



bkdfg;kKga;dJh sKhyglrkyg l;f;kdJh cGgJg cGguh sf [KhcugnHbkdfg;kKga;dJh sKhyglrkyg l;f;kdJh cGgJg cGguh sf [KhcugnHbkdfg;kKga;dJh sKhyglrkyg l;f;kdJh cGgJg cGguh sf [KhcugnHbkdfg;kKga;dJh sKhyglrkyg l;f;kdJh cGgJg cGguh sf [KhcugnHbkdfg;kKga;dJh sKhyglrkyg l;f;kdJh cGgJg cGguh sf [KhcugnH

jfgkJgjfgkJgjfgkJgjfgkJgjfgkJg

Jglrtg;Gh (8)iGh. 2011/Jglrtg;Gh (8)iGh. 2011/Jglrtg;Gh (8)iGh. 2011/Jglrtg;Gh (8)iGh. 2011/Jglrtg;Gh (8)iGh. 2011// afgdfh;kyg a;dJhnH jfgbkHg lkFjkFhcFg bkdfg;kKga;dJh

cGgJg cGguh jfgkJg ey Ggiyh sKh,fiHh sf [KhcugnH ug[e [KhbHhbfg sdtgjfgkJg ey Jglrtg;Gh

(4)iGh sdtg skyeGg jkGgrJg nHdJh/

#bkdfg;kKga;dJh-vHg ugey [KhbHhbfg sdtg sKhcmugcKh [KhcugnH sf ;kJiHh zdtlkJ

Ggiyh a;dJha;uh ug[t jfg'Hhcug (;mGgnygcug) ey afgdfh;kyg sf lrkJakJaFh sdtg/

bkdfg;kKga;dJh armkuhzdtakath sfjug/ qfh jfgskJg sf afgdfh;kyga;dJh jfgkJg

iGpJh oFzJheGg ugzmkusJg jkGgrJg auh;Jg/ jFrK Ggiyh Gugakat jkfhjkFh [KhcugnH [t

a;df;kug sf ndJnJg ;kKhadfh cGgJg cGguh jfgkJg.$ lrkGgbkJgjkGg-nH ug[t vfh;kJ

eysdtg jfglrkGg kJcuglkJ nHdJh/

fgsug jfgpJh bkdfg;kKga;dJh-vHg ugey lrkJcyjug sdtg Gjkfh l;K;kKh [Khbkxt [KhnGh

ugjfgqkyh jfgqkfg ey lrkJcyjug-qkyh sdtgsf lkFug a;kKgadfh Ggiyh/ odth kJjkfh

[KhcugnH sf juhyglrkyg akfgvdJh ;kdJhvdJh cGgJg cGguh jfgkJg. ay bkfjug kJbfg l;muhvdJh

sf [Khbkxt [KhnGh lkFug jfgkJgjug nHdJh sdtglrG/

cGgJg cGguh jfgkJg bfg vKhnygbyw. cy;yeHh. bygnuh. cy;y iwKg;Gg. bygzyg. cyg;yg bygl;Kg.

ygimy iyhruhbFg sf kath jfgkJg 'kHglrkyg eGgryg;kKh bkdfgrFh 99.600 eGg sdtglrG/

a;dJh[Khcug-nH jfglrkGg jfgryg oJga;dfga;dJh[Khcug-nH jfglrkGg jfgryg oJga;dfga;dJh[Khcug-nH jfglrkGg jfgryg oJga;dfga;dJh[Khcug-nH jfglrkGg jfgryg oJga;dfga;dJh[Khcug-nH jfglrkGg jfgryg oJga;dfg

Jglrtg;Gh (13)iGh. 2011// a;dJh[Khcug-nH ;mkyhlrkGg jfgryg oJga;dfg [t Ggiyh

a;dJhjfaHh ugey vGhbfgndHg ey Jglrtg;Gh (12)iGh sdtg jfg[tgrK fgcygl;G sfjug skykath

iGpJhsky jkGgrJg nHdJh/

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Gg;GgoHh sf btIg;mktyg rK oJga;dfgrku vdJh;Hh/ ey zdKgHh jfgryg l;muhoFh sf afgdfh;kyg

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a;dfgakfgvdJh [t vGhbfgndHg a;dJjfaHh/ afg;H sdtg btIg;mktyg iGygcJh akfgrku

sf Gg;GgoHh jfg[tgrK fgsug jfgruh sdtg fgakfg jkdtvdJh [t vGhbfgndHg jfaHh sdtglrG$

lrkGgiHh jkGgrJg kJcugsky nHdJh/

HhlJh eGgeGg ay jkGgrJg ug kJbfgHhlJh eGgeGg ay jkGgrJg ug kJbfgHhlJh eGgeGg ay jkGgrJg ug kJbfgHhlJh eGgeGg ay jkGgrJg ug kJbfgHhlJh eGgeGg ay jkGgrJg ug kJbfgiG,kF iHhlkJ bfg fgskylrG/iG,kF iHhlkJ bfg fgskylrG/iG,kF iHhlkJ bfg fgskylrG/iG,kF iHhlkJ bfg fgskylrG/iG,kF iHhlkJ bfg fgskylrG/

15


APRIL, 2011

NDJ: 15 March

2011-ckESpf/ rwfv(14)&ufrS (15) &ufae@txd xdkif;EdkifiH/vGwfajr‡mufe,fajr wae&mwGifusif;ycJhonfh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;aumifpD/ 'kwd,oufwrf;/owWrt}udrfajrSmuf A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD oHk;vywf yHkrSeftpnf;ta0;odk@ u&ifeDtrsKd;om;wdk;wufa&;ygwDrS ygwD'k-OuUXcGef;atb,fwG'f/ ygwDt&HA[dkaumfrwD0if cGef;a&$rsKd;oef@ESifhclyvl;&,fwdk@ wufa&mufcJh=uygonf?

u&ifeDtrsKd;om;wdk;wufa&;ygwDacgif;aqmifrsm;wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;aumifpD tpnf;ta0;

wufa&muf

tpnf;ta0;wGif wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;aumifpD vkyfief;tzGJ@acgif;aqmifrsm;rS wifjyonfh vkyfief;aqmif&Gufr_tajctaersm;ESifh jynfe,fndSEd_if;a&;aumfrwDrsm;rSay;ydk@vmonfh vkyfief;tpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk zwf=um;jcif;ESifh aqG;aEGoHk;oyfjcif; wdkif;&if;om;ta&;udpPrsm;ESifh ywfoufI r[mAsL[mudpPaqG;aEG;jcif;ESifh a&S@vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk aqG;aEG;cJh=uygonf?

1/ {+yD?

xdkif;-u&ifeDe,fpyfwae&mwGif zGifhvSpfxm;&Sd+yD; u&ifeDjynf. wpfckwnf;aom vl@tcGifhta&;/obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh Oya'oifwef;ausmif;jzpfonfh u&ifeDvlr_ zG@Hòzd;a&;oifwef;ausmif;. (8)}udrfajrmuf/ ausmif;qif;yGJtcrf;tem;wpf&yfudk 2011-ckESpf/ rwfv(30)&ufae@wGif pnf;um;odkufòrdufpGmusif;yðyvkyfcJha=umif;od&Sd&onf?

tcrf;tem;odk@ u&ifeDEdkif

u&ifeDtrsKd;om;xktwGuf tvkyftaºuG;ðyrnfholrsm;wdk;vm

iHawmfacgif;aqmifrsm;/ {nfhonfawmfrsm;/ ausmif;om;rdbrsm;/ausmif;ol/ ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;ESifh oifwef;qif;vufrSwf&,l=urnfh ausmif;ol/ ausmif;om;rsm;ponfjzifhpkpkaygif;vlOD;a& (150)ausmf wufa&muftm;ay;cJh=uygonf? oifwef;qif;yGJtcrf;tem;wGif u&ifeDEdkifiHawmfacgif;aqmifwpfOD;vnf;jzpf/ u&ifeDvlr_zGH@òzd;a&;oifwef;ausmif;. t}uHay;yk*~dKvfvnf;jzpfonfh q&m}uD;clOD;&,frSoifwef;qif;ausmif;ol/ ausmif;om;rsm;tm; *k%fðytm;ay;pum;ajym=um;cJh+yD;/ oifwef;ausmif;. 'k-wm0efcHjzpfolcl&D&,frS oifwef;ausmif;. vuf&Sdtajctaersm;ESifhausmif;ol/ ausmif;om;rsm;. u&ifeDvlr_todkif;t0dkif;twGuf jyefvnftvkyftaºuG;ðycJhonfrsm;tm; {nfhy&dowfrsm;odk@ jyefvnf&Sif;vif;

oifwef;ausmif;qif;yGJtcrf;tem;ESifhwufa&mufvmaom u&ifeDacgif;aqmifrsm;udkpifjrifhay: YawG@&pOf?

16



wifjycJhonf?“usaemfwdk@ 'Du&ifeDvlr_

zGH@òzd;a&;oifwef;ausmif;udk 2003-ckESpfu q&m}uD;atmifqef;jrifheJ@ wjcm;ausmif;om;a[mif;(2) a,mufwdk@u pwifwnfaxmifcJh+yD;/ ausmif;vnfygwfcJh&mrSm 'DESpfausmif;qif;yGJuawmh (8)}udrfajrmuf&SdoGm;+yDjzpfygw,f/ 'Dausmif; uae+yD; usaemfwdk@u&ifeDvl@tcGifhta&;eJ@ obm0ywf0ef;usifv_yf&Sm;ol vli,f (149)OD;udkarG;xkwfEdkifcJh+yDjzpfygw,f? olwdk@xJu(75) a,mufavmufuawmh 'Dxdkif;-u&ifeDe,fpyfrSm u&ifeDjynfolvlxktwGuf tvkyftaºuG;ðyae+yD;/ (15)a,mufausmfausmfuawmh jynfwGif;

rSm jyefvnfvkyfaqmifae=uwmawG@&ygw,f? 'Dae@uawmh u&ifeDvl@todkif;t0dkif;udk tusKd;ðyEdkifzdk@twGuf aemufxyf vli,f(25) OD;udkxyfrHarG;xkwfEdkifcJhwmyJjzpfygw,f”[k ajym=um;cJhygonf?

u&ifeDvlr_zGH@òzd;a&; oifwef;ausmif;rS ausmif;ol/ ausmif;om;trsm;pkrSm vl@tcGifhta&;ESifhobm0ywf0ef;usiftm; t"du xm;v_yf&Sm;aeaom u&ifeDtajcðyvlr_toif;tzGJ@rsm;/ u&ifeD'kuQonfpcef;twGif;&Sd tkyfcsKyfa&;/ w&m;a&;Xmersm;wGif tvkyftaºuG;ðyaeonfudkawG@&Sd&+yD;/ bmom&yfrsm; xl;c|efpGm oif=um;Edkifonfh ausmif;ol/

ausmif;om;rsm;rSm vl@tcGifhta&;/obm0ywf0ef;usif/ Oya'bmom&yfrsm;ESifhqufpyfonfh ausmif;rsm;odk@ qufvuf wufa&mufoif=um;EdkifcJh=uygonf? t"duwufa&mufEdkifcJhonfh ausmif;rsm;rSm Earthrights InternationalSchool, Law Academic(BLC) ESifh tjcm; vl@tcGifhta&;oifwef;rsm;jzpfa=umif;od&Sd&onf?

TAYA ZAW AUNG(KIC)

u&ifeDausmif;om;or*~onf jynfwGif;ppfa=umifh [email protected]&yfXgaeudkpGef@cGgI xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf&Sd 'kuQonfpcef;odk@ rdbrsm;ESifh twla&muf&Sd tajccsaexdkifv#uf&Sdaom u&ifeDausmif;om;rsm; taejzifh ynmudkaumif;rGefpGm qufvufoif=um;Edkif&eftwGuf ulnDyHhydk;ay;onfh tzGJ@jzpfygonf? u&ifeDausmif;om;or*~udk 2000-jynfhESpf/ {+yDv(1) &ufae@wGif pwifzGJ@pnf;cJh+yD; u&ifeDtxufwef;vGefausmif;ESifh u&ifeDtpdk;&ynma&; Xmevufatmuf&Sdausmif;toD;oD;wGif ynmoif=um;aeaomausmif;om;rsm;. ynmoif=um;r_taxmuftulðyEdkif &eftwGuf wpdkufrwfrwfaqmif&GufcJhygonf? 2011-ckESpf/ {+yDv (1) &ufae@wGif or*~zGJ@pnf;vmcJhonfrSm(11) ESpfajrmufcJ h +yDjzpfonfh t

avsmuf/ or*~.vkyfief;pOfrsm;jyefvnf oHk;oyfEdkif&ef/ tvSnhfusA[dkaumfrwD0ifrsm;udk jyefvnfa&G;cs,fwifajrmufEdkif&efESifh a&S@vkyfief;pOfrsm;a&;qGJcsrSwftwnfðyEdkif&ef twGuf or*~. (11) ESpfajrmufESpfygwfvnf nDvmcHudk 2011-ckESpf/ {+yDv(1) &ufae@wGif xdkif;-u&ifeDe,fpyfvGwfajrmufe,fajrwae&mY usif;ycJh&m ESpfygwfvnfnDvmcHodk@ u&ifeD

(11) ESpfjynfh u&i feDausmi f;om;or*~ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHusi f;yNDJ: 1/ {+yD?

trsKd;om;wdk;wufa&;ygwDrS acgif;aqmiftcsKd@/ u&ifeDausmif;om;or*~.A[dktvkyftr_aqmif aumfrwD0ifrsm;/ or*~tzGJ@0ifrsm;/ tjcm;aom u&ifeDvlr_tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rSacgif;aqmifrsm;ESif hzdwf=um;xm;aom{nfhonfawmfrsm;ponfjzifhpkpkaygif;vlOD;a&(70)ausmf wufa&mufcJha=umif; od&Sd&ygonf?

nDvmcHt+yD; wufa&mufvmaomu&ifeDacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifhausmif;om;or~tzGJ@0ifrsm;tm; twlwuGawG@&pOf

17


APRIL, 2011

u&ifeDjynfwGif;&Sd trsKd;orD;ESif huav;i,frsm;twGufusef;rma&;qdkif&m tajccHvdktyfcsufjzpfonfh wudk,f&nfoef@&Sif;r_udk taxmuftulðyEdkif&ef twGuf u&ifeDtrsKd;orD;tpnf;t&Hk;rS trsKd;orD;acgif;aqmifrsm;taejzifh 2008-ckESpf rS 2010-jynfhESpftwGif;/ trSwf-(2)c&dkifodk@ ESpf}udrfoGm;a&mufI aus;&Gmaygif;(38) &Gm&SdtrsKd;orD;ESifh vli,frsm;twGufvnf;aumif;? 2010-jynfhESpfrS 2011-ckESpftwGif;/ trSwf-(3) c&dkifodk@oGm;a&mufIaus;&Gmaygif; (20)&SdtrsKd;orD;ESifhvli,f rsm;twGuf vnf;aumif;tajccH wudk,f&nfoef@&Sif;a&;qdkif&m toHk;taqmifypPnf;rsm;jzef@a0ay;+yD; usef;rma&;ynmay;vkyfief;rsm;jzpfonfh rsKd;yGm;jcif;qdkif&musef;rma&;/ rdcifESifhuav;t[m&"mwf&&S dap&eftwGufynmay;a&;tpDtpOfESifh tajccHusef;rma&;ynmay;r_ vkyfief;rsm;

KNWO: 06, April

u&i feDtrsKd;orD;tpnf;t&Hk;rS u&i feDjynfwGi f; usef;rma&;ynmay;vkyfief;rsm;aqmi f&Guf

udk aqmif&GufcJhygonf?xdk@tjyif tajccHusef;rm

a&;ynmay;apmifha&Smufr_vkyfief;rsm;ESifhqufpyfI tajccHEdkifiHa&;ynmay;vkyfief;rsm;jzpfonfh tajccHvl@tcGifhta&;/ trsKd;orD;tcGifhta&;/ uav;tcGifhta&;ESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;qkdif&mtcGifhta&;wdk@udk od&Sdvmap&ef tvkyf&HkaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;udk usif;yðyvkyfcJhygonf? 2011-ck ESpftwGif;

ynmay;tpDtpOfrsm;udk wdk;csJ@aqmif&GufcJh&m rsKd;yGm;r_qdkif&musef;rma&;ynmay; vkyfief;jzpfonfh rdom;pkpDrHudef;ESifh0rf;av#ma&m*g avsmhenf;usqif;a&;/ vdifuGJjym;r_qdkif&mynmay;vkyfief;rsm;udk wdk;csJ@aqmif&GufcJha=umif;od&Sd&ygonf?

u&ifeDtrsKd;orD;tpnf;t&Hk;rS jzef@csDay;onfh wudk,fa&oef@&Sif;a&;toHk;taqmifypPnf;rsm;udkvufcH&&S dr_a=umifh auseyfaysmf&$ifae=uaomjynfwGif;rS uav;i,frsm;?

KNWO

aea&mifr&SdI tHk@qdkif;r_dif;&Dae aomaumif;uifxufudkai; =unfhae &mrSwpHkw&mudk owd&vm[efjzifh tdyf,mxufrSpmzwfaeaom rdcifudkvSrf;ar;vdkufonf?“arar/ azazb,foGm; vJ[if/ orD;ol@udkwcgrSrawG@&ygvm;”

tdyf,mxufrS rdef;r&G,fonf rsuf0ef;odk@pdk@wufvmaom rsuf&nfpwdk@udk rsufawmifwcsuf ESpfcsufcwfum odrf;vdkuf&if; -

“arar orD;udkc%c%ajymjyxm;wmbJ/ orD;azazc&D;oGm;aew,fvdk@”

orD;i,fonf rdcif&S d&mbufodk@ vSnfhum -

“azazc&D;oGm;wmuvnf; t=um}uD;bJ”

“[kwfw,f orD;&,f/ orD;azaz 'Dwcgc&D;oGm;wmav wtm;eJ@udk=umygvdrfhr,forD;&,f”

pmrsufESm(35)rS

18



u&ifeDppfwyfjzwfawmufonfh etz&duQm &Gmom;rsm;tpm;jyefvnfay;avsmf&KSWDC: 5/ {+yD?

u,m;jynfe,f/ &Sm;awmòrd@ajrmufzuf &Srf;u,m;e,fpyfteD;&Sd vG,fzDawmifac: wil;qdkawmifpcef;xdkifetzppfwyfonf wyftwGuf&duQmrsm;udk a'grl;rm &Gmom;rsm;tm; vkHòcHa&;ray;bJ o,faqmifapcJhonf? xdkodk@o,faqmifonfh&duQmrsm;udk 2011-ck ESpf/ {+yDv(4)&ufae@wGif u&ifeD wyfrawmfrS odrf;qnf;,laqmifoGm;ojzifh &Sm;awmòrd@xdkif cr&-(332) wyfrª;rS teD;em;&Sdaus;&Gmol}uD;rsm;udk ac:,lzrf;qD;

xdef;odrf; xm;+yD; &duQmrsm;tpm;xdk;jyef0,fay;yd k @&ef awmif;qd kxm;a=umif;ESifh tpm;xdk;jyef0,fay;ydk@r_rvkyfrcsif; &Gmol}uD;rsm;udk csKyfaESmifxm;rnfjzpfa=umif; &Gmom;rsm;.ajymjycsufudk udk;um;I KSWDCuGif;qif;vkyfom;wOD;. owif;ay;ydk@ csuft&od&Sd&ygonf?

u&ifeDwyfrS odrf;,loGm;onfh wyf&duQmrsm;rSm aumfzDrpf (16)xkyf/ pD;u&ufaq;vdyfjzL (2) xkyf/"gwfrD; (1) vuf/ vSausmf aq;vdyf

(9) xkyf/ rD;jcpf (6)ck/ [if;csKdr_ef@ (4)xkyf/ "gwfcJ}uD; (6) vHk;/ tarG;wdkiftxkyf}uD; (5) xkyfESifh qefwtdwfjzpf+yD; ypPnf;rsm;. pkpkaygif;umvwefzdk;rSm 99600 usyf jzpfa=umif;od&Sd&ygonf?

2750-jynfhESpf/ u&i feDESpfopful;ae@usi f;y

NDJ: 4/ {+yD?

u&ifeDouU&mZf 2750jynf hESpf / vJ;[sm (1)&uf§c&pfouU&mZf2011-ckESpf/ {+yDv (4) &uf/jrefrmaumZmouU&mZf 1372 ckESpf/wefcl;vqef; (1)&uf wevFmae@wGifusa&mufonfh u&ifeDESpfopful;ae@ tcrf;tem;w&yftm; u&ifeDae@xl;ae@jrwfrsm;usif;ya&; aumfrwDrS}uD;rª;I trSwf(1) bef@rdkifEdkif;qG,f u&ifeD'kuQonfpcef;Y usif;yðyvky fc h J&m tpDtpOft& c&pfouU&mZf 2011-ckESpf/ {+yDv(3)&ufae@/ noef;acgif,Htcgor,YESpfopful;ae@óudqdkyGJ usif;ycJhygonf/óudqdkyGJtcrf;tem;wGif vmrnfhESpfopftcgor,Y u&ifeDjynfw0Srf;+idrf;csrf;om,mI qefa&pyg;aygrsm;

ºuG,f0apjcif;iSm &dk;&mbmom/ Ak'<bmom/ c&pf,mefbmomponfjzif hbmomaygif; pHk0wfðyqkawmif;r_rsm;ðyvkyfjcif;/ ºuGa&mufvmaom {nfhy&dwfowfrsm;tm; &dk;&mtqdktursm;jzif h wifqufazsmfajzjcif;ESif hESpfopful;tcgor,a&mufcsdefwGifu&ifeD tpdk;&'k-0ef}uD;csKyfrS ESpfopful; rdef@cGef;¹rGuf=um;jcif;/ u&ifeDtrsKd;om;wdk;wufa&;ygwD/ ygwDtwGif;a&;rª;-(1)rS u&ifeDESpfopful;ta=umif; a[majymjcif;ESifh n(12;00)em&D wdwdwGif Happy New Year[k oHòydiftwlwuG atmf[pfóudqdk=u+yD; u&ifeDESpfopful;udkóudqdkaom tm;jzifh za,mif;wdkifrD;rsm; xGef;!Sdjcif;ponfh tpDtpOfrsm;udk aqmif&GufcJh=uygonf? ESpfopful;ae@ tcrf;tem;odk@

u&ifeDtrsKd;om;wdk;wufa&;ygwDrSygwD acgif;aqmifrsm;/ u&ifeDtpdk;&Xmersm;rS 0ef}uD;rsm;ESifh wm0ef&Sdacgif;aqmifrsm;/ pcef;tkyfcsKyfa&;ydkif;rS wm0ef&Sdacgif;aqmifrsm; wufa&mufchJ=uonf?

2011-ckESpf/ {+yDv(3)&ufae@ESifh (4) &ufae@ ae@cif;ydkif;wGif u&ifeDESpfopful;ae@txdrf;trSwf &dk;&mtm;upm;òydifyGJrsm; usif;y+yD; nydkif;wGiftrsKd;om;,Ofaus;r_tursm;/ aw;oDcsif;rsm;jzifh azsmfajzwifqufchJ=ua=umif; od&Sd&ygonf?

RE DUCEE USEE CYCLE

19


APRIL, 2011

ESpfpOfusif;y+rJjzpfonfhu&ifeDpkaygif;wHcGefwdkifyGJawmfudk ,ckESpfwGif (11) }udrfajr‡muftjzpf tvSnhfus u&ifeD'kuQonfpcef; trSwf-(1) wGifusif;ycJhygonf?

yGJawmfudk 2011-ckESpf/ {+yDv (11) &ufae@rS (14) &ufae@txdusif;ycJh+yD;yGJawmftwGif; u&ifeDrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;tvdkuf ,Ofaus;r_tqdktuòydifyGJrsm;usif;yjcif;/ &dk;&myGJawmfESifhywfoufonfh yef;csD/ uAsmESifhpmpDpmuHk;òydifyG Jrsm; usif;yjcif;/

rsKd;EG,fpk,Ofaus;r_armif/ r,f tvSòydifyGJrsm;usif;yjcif;/ &dk;&mwefcGefwdkifyG JawmfESif hywfoufonfh a&S;a[mif;tD&dk; &dk;&maw;pyfoDuHk; oDqdkr_òydifyGJrsm;usif;yjcif;/ &dk;&mebef;ESifhtjcm;tm;upm;òydifyGJrsm; usif;yjcif;ESifhtwl nydkif;wGif (3) nqufwdkufpwdwf&d_;ESifh,Ofaus;r_tuya'omrsm;jzifh azsmfajzwifqufcJh=uygonf?

u&ifeD&dk;&mwefcGefwdkifyGJawmfwGif yg0ifqifEGJonfh rsKd;EG,fpk

(11) }udrfajr‡muf u&i feD&dk;&mpkaygi f;wefcGefwdki fyGJawmfusi f;yNDJ: 15/ {+yD?

(8) rsKd;EG,frSm u&ifeDrsKd;EG,frsm;jzpfonfh u&ifeD/ u,ef;/ ua,m/ bGJ/rEl/ yul; wdk@ESifhtwl tjcm;rsKd;EG,frsm;jzpfonfh &Srf;ESifhytdk0fhrsKd;EG,f ,Ofaus;r_tzGJ@rsm;uvnf; 0ifa&mufqifEGJ=uygonf? yGJawmftwGif; ºuGa&mufvm=uaom {nfhy&dwfowfrsm;udk &dk;&macgif&nf/ t&uf/ xrif;[if;vsmrsm;jzifh wnfcif;{nfhcHcJh=uygonf?

,ckESpfwGif usif;yonfh pk

aygif;wefcGefwdkifyGJawmftcrf;tem;udk 14-4-2011 &ufae@wGif usif;y&m tcrf;tem;odk@ u&ifeDacgif;aqmifrsm;/ a'oqdkif&mxdkif;tm%mydkifrsm;/ bmoma&;acgif;aqmifrsm;/ pcef;rSwm0ef&Sdyk*~dKvfrsm;ESifh twl {nfhy&dwfowfpkpkaygif; 700 cef@wufa&mufcJhygonf?

tvSnfhuspkaygif;wefcGefwdkifyGJawmfudk 'kuQonfpcef;aumfrwDESifh &dk;&maumfrwDwdk@rSOD;aqmifusif;yay;cJh+yD; ESpfpOfu&ifeDae&yfrsm;jzpfonfh 'kuQonfpcef;trSwf-(1)/ trSwf-(2)/ u,ef;om,m&Gm/a[Gul;uJESifha[Gp,faxmuf&Gmrsm;wGifESpfpOf wae&mESifhwae&ma&$@ajymif;ItvSnfhususif;y=uygonf?

u&ifeDtpdk;&/ omoema&;ESifh,Ofaus;r_0ef}uD;Xme0ef}uD;armfa';a';azgrStrSmpum;ajym=um;pOf (xuf) ESifh

y G Jawmfod k @wufa&mufvm=uaom {nfhy&dwfowfrsm;udk wefcGefwdkifxlonfhae@wGifawG@&pOf (0J)?

20



1. Everything goes wrong if you care too much.oif*&kpdkufvGef;vsif t&m&mtqifrajyjzpfwwfonf?

2. Delay means death in love and war.aESmifhaES;jcif;onf tcspfESifhppfwGifaojcif;rnf.?

3. The ripest fruit first falls.trSnfhqkH;opfoD; yxrqkH;aºu&onf?

4. You cannot please everybody.oifvlwdkif;udk ESpfoufatmifrvkyfEdkif?

5. The best ideas are common property.taumif;qkH;aom tawG;tac:rsm;onf trsm;ydkifyPnf;rsm;jzpfonf?

6. There is always someone worse off than yourself.oifhxuftajctaeydkIqdk;aomolwpfa,muf t+rJ&Sdonf?

7. Love truth but pardon error.trSefw&m;udk cspfjrwfEdk;yg/ odk@&mwGif trSm;udkvnf;cGifhvGwfyg?

8. One flower makes no garland.yef;wpfyGifhwnf;ESifh yef;ukH;rjzpfao;?

9. Never promise more than you can perform.oifaqmif&GufEdkifonfxufydkI *wdray;ygESifh?

10. While we stop to think, we often miss the opportunity.u|Efkyfwdk@ pOf;pm;r_udk acwW&yfqdkif;cdkufwGif tcGifhta&;udk r=umc% vufv$wfvdkuf&onf?

11. Win without boasting, Lose without excuse.Edkifv#ifvnf;rºuGm;ygESifh/ &Hª;v#ifvnf;qifajcray;ygESifh/

ynm&Sdrsm;. tqdktrdefhrsm;

ASMASMASMASMASM &SmazGpkaqmif;wifjyonf?

21


APRIL, 2011

oihf0ef;usifuaq;wr,f(warmxsm)

,ckwacgufwGif em;a&m*gtrsKd;rsKd;twGuf ukoEdkifaom enf;vrf;rsm;udk cGJjcm;+yD;wifjyay;oGm;ygrnf?1? em;udkuf/ em;jynf,dk/ em;tl/ avxGuf/ em;av;/ em;yif;jcif;rsm; jzpfygu atmufygenf;rsm;udk tokH;ðy=unhfyg?- [if;*vmtjzLav;ig;&Gufudk oef@pifatmifvkyfI vufz0g;ay:wGif yGwfacs+yD;em;xJodk@t&nfn‡pfcs+yD; wpfrdepfavmuf+idrf+idrfaeyg? xdk‹aemufem;xJrSt&nfrsm; oGefcsvdkufyg?- qdwfzl;ckESpfvGm/ rkefnif;aph ckESpfaph/y'dkif;ckESpfaph/ vif;aeckESpfvGm Taq;av;yg;udktr_ef@ðy (y'dkif;oD;udk tn‡mujzwfItaphudkxkwf+yD; ,cifaq;r_ef@rsm;xnhf/ ESrf;qDtenf;i,fxyfxnhfyg)/ rD;zdkay:rSm aEG;aEG;wif wpfae@(7)}udrf em;wGif;odk@ tpufcsay;yg?- qifwkH;rEG,fudk xkacsI =uufoD;aE$;r#ðywf+yD; xdkðywf&nfudk em;Yaq;a=umay;cJhaomf em;wGif;&Sd tnpfta=u;rsm;uif;pifI em;udkuf/ em;em

jcif;rsm;aysmuf.?2? em;udkufjcif;oufouftwGufudkrl atmufygenf;rsm;teuf wpfenf;enf;udk prf;oyf=unhfyg?- =uufoGefeDudk rD;zkwf/ t&nfaEG;aEG;em;xJxnhfay;yg?- yifv,fuopfyGifh owWK&nfudk em;xJcwfay;yg?- jrefrmukuUdK&Gufudk t&nfn‡pfIrD;jzifhaEG;ap+yD; em;wGifxnhfyg/- ukuUdK&GufESifh o&uf&Gufudk rD;uifIylaEG;aEG;cHom&kHr# em;rSmn‡pfxnhfyg?- awmifr&dk;tap;udk ESrf;qDESifha&mI em;usyfay;yg?- jrefrmukuUdKaphudk xkaxmif;I rkefnif;qD odk@r[kwf ESrf;qDjzifhcsufyg?em;udkufaomtcgqD=uufoD;aEG;jzpfatmif ZGef;wGifxnhfI rD;yljy+yD;cyfaEG;aEG;wpfpufESpfpufem;rSmxnhfyg?- yef;vdefjrpf/ opf}uHydk;tyg;/ uef@csKyfeD/ xef;v#uf/ xef;aphyef;Ek/ oHpm;/'kwWm ,if;aq;tpkudk ijzL}uD;taphESifh}udwf em;emvl;ay;yg?- ijzL}uD;&Guf &ifh&ifhudk axmywfokwfI rD;uif+yD;v#if t&nfudkn‡pf,lyg? ,if;t&nfudk em;wGif;odk@ tpufcsay;ygu em;udkuf/ em;emaysmuf.?- refusnf;yifwGifwG,fI aygufaomrd_udk tnuf}udwf/ ESrf;qDESifhazsmf/ =uufawmifESifh usyfay;yg?3? em;avxGufjcif;jzpfygu T enf;

rsm;udk tokH;ðy=unhfyg?- w&kyfpum;yGifhudk em;wGif ydwfqdk@xm;yg/ tyGifhudk vufokyfvkyfpm;yg?- ESrf;qDwpfZGef;/ EGm;usifi,f&nf ig;ZGef;wdk@udk rD;ESifhcsuf wpfyGufESpfyGufqlv#if em;usyfawmifESifh usyfay;yg?- oabFm&Guf rD;tkH;I twdk@tðryfvkyfpm;yg?- a=umifv#mjrpfudk nufatmif tr_ef@ðy/ ESrf;qDESihfa&m+yD; rD;wGifcsuf/ em;xJodk@/ cyfaEG;aEG;usyfay;yg?4? em; jynf,d kolrsm;twGufr latmufygenf;rsm;udk tokH;ðy=unhfapvdkygonf?- usD;tmoD; }udwfzwfudk tkef;qDESifha&mI =uufawmifESifh usyfay;yg?- ESrf;qD (5)usyfom;/ =uufoGefjzL tenf;i,f/ av;nif;(2)yGifhcef@xnhfðywfI em;wGifylylaEG;aEG;xnhfay;yg?- jynfanmif;tacguf/ oD;oD;pdrf; t&nf (8)yJpD/ xdkaq;ESpfyg;udk ysm;&nfESifhazsmfI wpf&ufESpf}udrfvdrf;ay;yg?- a=umifyef;&Guf/ owWK&nfudk ESrf;qDjzifh ysm;&nftenf;i,fxnhf/ em;wGifusyfay;yg/- ukuUdKaphtqDY qD;jzLyGifhudk xnhfa=umfyg? oihfawmfonhf tcsdefwGifcsI tat;cHxm;um pif=u,fpGm ppf+yD;ykvif;xJwGifxnhfxm;yg? n/ reufESpfpufokH;puf em;wGifxnhfay;yg?- =uufoGefeDt&nfn‡pfI em;xJ wpfae@okH;}udrfxnhfay;yg?- }udwfrSef&Gufajcmuftr_ef@udk tkef;qDppfppfrSmazsmfI em;usyfay;yg?

22



- ik&Guf/ a=umifyef;&GufESpfyg;udk t&nfn‡pfI em;usyfay;yg?5? em;yif;/ em;av;jcif;twGuf enf;rsm; -- usnfoD;qefr_ef@udk 0ufacs;yeJowWK&nfESifhazsmfI em;usyfay;yg?- awm=uufarmuf/ qm; (3)usyfom;/ ESrf;qD (6)usyfom;/ a& (25)usyfom;udk qDcsufovdkcsuf+yD; em;usyfay;yg?- aoG;ikyfuif;I em;yif;aom a&m*gtwGufrl a=umifv#moD;udk oHyk&m&nfESif hokyfpm;/ ykZGefwkyfrD;zkwf/a&SmufoD;ESifh okyfpm;/ aemufxyf qDxrif;udkpm;/ ESrf;qDESifhem;udkusyf ay;

yg? uef@uvm&Gufudk oHyk&m&nfESifhpdwfóudufokyfpm;yg?6? em;wGif;temESifh ydk;aumif0ifjcif;rsm;jzpfygrl -- c&rf;uapmhoD;udk rD;±d_@+yD; tcdk;cH/ rkefnif;qDESifh em;udkusyfay;yg?- a=umifv#mjrpftr_ef@nufudk ESrf;qDESifh rD;wGifcsuf/ cyfaEG;aEG;usyfay;yg/- em;wGif;aumfrdI tem'g%f&m&v#if [if;*vmtjzL&nf n‡pfxnhfay;yg? tawmftwefpyfonf? rcHEdkifatmifpyfv#if vlEdk@&nftenf;i,fudk em;xJodk@cyfxnhfyg? odk@r[kwf pGefvufonf;yift&Gufudk t

&nfn‡pfIcyfyg? tpyfjy,foGm;ygrnf?

em;av;/ em;r=um;olrsm;twGufrl }udwfrSef&Guft&Gufajcmufudk tr_ef@axmif;I EGm;Edk@ESifhwpfvaomufyg? tusKd;xl;rnf/ vkH;0aysmufuif;&ef wpfESpfjynfhatmifaomufyg? qGH@tol/ oGm;eJ@ol/ rsufpdr_efolrsm;twGufygaumif;.?

wreufrSm rkef@[if;cg;pm;zdk@ tmoDo&SdwmeJ@ rkef@[if;cg; oGm;0,fcsdefrSm qdkif&Siftr}uD;u rkef@[if;cg;zwfudk iSufaysmzufeJ@ xkyf+yD;ay;wmawG@awmh q&mr*sK;&Jh “u|efrcspfaomòrd@wpfòrd‹” udk oGm;+yD;owd&rdw,f? q&mr&Jhòrd‹av;eJ@&if;ES D;aeawmh aea&mifjyxm;wJh zuf&Gufav;eJ@xkyfxm;wJhrkef@[if;cg;uzufeH@av;oif;vdk@? wlrav; awGuawmh ajymwmayhg? 'Dqdkifu acwfodyfrrSDbl;aemftefwDav;wJh? olwdk@arG;wnf;uu|wfu|wftdwfeJ@&if;ESD;cJh&awmh iSufaysmzufeJ@xkyfwmudk rawG‹zl;ao;bl;? “u|efrcspfaomòrd‹wpfòrd‹” ta=umif;ud kay;zwf&OD;r,f? tckaemufydkif;rSm u|wfu|wftdwfoHk;wJh,Ofaus;r_u tawmfudkavsmhenf;oGm;+yD? u|wf u|wftdwf&Jh tEœ&m,f

udk [ef@wm;vmEkdif+yDqdkawmh/ aemufwpfckxyf+yD; pOf;pm;&rSmu yvwfpwpfawG&Jh tEœ&m,f?

u|efrwdk@pm;oHk;aewJh tpm;tpmawGxJrSm yvwfpwpfeJ@uif;w,fqdkwm tawmfudk&Sm;ygw,f? tpm;taomufawGudk 0,fjcrf;wmuae jyifqifcsufðywfwJhtxd oHk;wJhypPnf;wdkif;rSm yvwfpwpfrygwJhypPnf;qdkwm odyfr&Sdbl;? ukefxkwfvkyfr_tqihfqihfrSm yvwfpwpfudk tajccH+yD; xkwfvkyfxm;wJhypPnf;awGudkoHk;=uw,f? tpm;tpmawGudk wae&muaewae&mudk ydk@aqmifwJhuGefwdefem (Container) awG/tpm;tpmxnhfwJ hbl;/ pnfoGwfbl;/rkef@bl;awG/ tdrfxJrSmwdkvDrkwfpxnhfwJhbl;/ odrf;qnf;wJhbl;/ tpm;tpmawGudkjyefaEG;wJh wefqmyvm

yvyfpwpfESifhusef;rma&;

23


APRIL, 2011

awGtxd yvwfpwpfu toHk;wGifus,faeygw,f? tJ'DvdkrsKd;yvwfpwpfeJ@ ywfoufwJhypPnf;awGtoHk;wGifus,f vmwmeJ@tr# usef;rma&;udkxdcdkufr_&Sd/ r&Sdqdkwmudkyg xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;zdk@ vdkvmygw,f?

odyfr=umao;cifu 'Djy\emudktajz&Smr,fqdk+yD; prf;oyfr_awG trsm;}uD;ðyvkyfcJhygw,f?tJ'DrSm Biphenyl A vdk@ac:wJh"gwkypPnf; Chemical [m usef;rma&;udk qdk;qdk;0g;0g;xdcdkufapwmudkoGm;awG@ygw,f? Biphenyl Aqdkwm tpm;taomufawGudk xkyfydk;jyifqifwJhtcgrSm t"duxm;+yD;oHk;wJh Chemical yg? vGefcJhwJhESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuwnf;uBiphenylA udk tEœ&m,fuif;w,fvdk@ ,lqxm;=uayr,hf tckawmh Biphe-nyl A eJ@ywfouf+yD; ar;p&mar;cGef;awGtrsm;}uD;&Sdvmyg+yD? tpm;taomufawGjyifqifzdk@/ pm;aomufzdk@/odrf;qnf;zdk@txd tqifajyayr,hfol@a=umihf usef;rma&;rSm jy\emawGjzpfay:vmw,fvdk@ qdk=uyg+yD?

tpm;taomufxnh fxm;wJh yvwfpwpf ContainerxJuae Chemical tenf;i,f[m tpm;taomufawGxJudk pdrhfxGufvmygw,f? tJ'Dvdktpm;taomufawGxJ pdrhfxGufvmwmudkMigration vdk@ ac:=uygw,f?Container awGudkxkwfvkyfvdkufwJh puf¶HkawGtaeeJ@uvnf; 'DvdkrsdK;ajymif;a&$Œ0ifa&mufwmudk [ef@wm;vdk@r&ygbl;? b,favmuf yrm%txdqdkwmudk twdtusrod&ayr,hf tpm;taomufawGxnhfwJhbl;awG/ cGufawGxJu "gwkypPnf; wdkif;

[m tpm;taomufawGxJudk 0ifa&mufoGm;Edkifwmcsnf;ygyJ?

yvwfpwpf ContainerxJrSmxnhfxm;wJhtpm; taomufawGudk tylay;vdkuf&if "gwkypPnf;awG a&$Œajymif;r_uydkjrefygw,f? tqDrsm;rsm;ygwJh tpm;tpm/ tiHygwJhtpm/ tcsOfygwJhtpm; tpmawGudkxnhfxm;wJh Container awG[mtyleJ@xdawG@&if a&$Œajymif;0ifa&mufr_u ydkjrefygw,f? cE<mudk,fxJudkb,favmuftwdkif;twmtxd 0ifoGm;w,fqdkwmudkawmh twdtusajymzdk@cufygw,f? rD;zd kacsmifoHk;ypPnf;awG ðyvkyfwJhae&mrSmvnf;trsm;pk[m ab;uif;w,fvdk@ owfrSwfxm;=uayr,hf vnf; t+rJwrf;twGufawmh tóuH;r0ifygbl;?

tpm;tpmawGxnhfwJ hyvwfpwpf Container awGuaexGufvmwJh "gwkypPnf;awG[m usef;rma&;udk b,fvkdxdckdufvJqdkwmudkokawoevkyfxm;wmawG[menf;ao;wma=umihfb,favmuf twdkif;twmtxd pdwfcsvufcsoHk;vdk@&w,fqdkwmudkawmh ajymzdk@cufygw,f? txl;ojzih f tcs de fb,favmuf =um=umoHk;vdk@&ovJ qdkwJhtcsuf[m t"duygyJ? 'Dae&mrSmxnhfoGif;pOf;pm;&r,hf "gwkypPnf; (2)rsKd;&Sdygw,f? wpfckuawmh Biphe-nyl A jzpf+yD; aemufwpfckuawmhPhthalates yg?

Biphenyl A [m rm+yD;ayghyg;wJh Polycarbonates vdk@ac:wJh yvwfpwpfwpfrsKd;yg? uav;toHk;taqmifawG/ a&bl;awGudkBiphenyl A eJ@ ðyvkyfxm;ygw,f?wpfESpfrSm Biphenyl A xkwfvkyfr_

24



[m (6) bDvD,ef avmuf&Sdygw,f?Biphenyl A [m a&bl;awGrSmtqdyfoihfapwJht&mwpfcktaeeJ@od=uayr,hf wu,fwrf; oleJ@xdawGŒr_rsm;wm[m tpm;taomufawG xnhfwJh pnfoGyfbl;awG&Jhtem;a=umihfyg? Biphenyl A [m pnfoGyfbl;E_wfcrf;xJuae xGufvm+yD;txJrSmodrf;xm;wJh tpm;tpmawGqDudk a&mufoGm;ygw,f? tpm;tpmxJrSmygvmwJh Biphenyl A[m aoG;pD;a=umif;udka&mufvmygw,f?

vl 90 &mcdkifE_ef;&Jh aoG;xJrSm&S daewJ hBiphenyl A [m

wdkif;wm=unhfvdk@&avmufwJh yrm%txdrsm;aewwfygw,f? cE<mudk,fxJudk 0ifvmEdkifwJh "gwkypPnf;awGxJrSm Biphenyl A [m ydk+yD;xif&Sm;ygw,f? ol[m a[mfrkef;awG&Jhvkyfaqmifr_/ txl;ojzihf Oestr-ogen vdk@ac:wJh trsKd;orD;a[mfrkef;&Jh vkyfaqmifr_udk aESmihf,Sufay;ygw,f? "gwfcJGcef;awGrSm wd&p>mefav;awGudk prf;oyf=unhfwJhtcg Bi-phenyl A [m rsKd;yGm;t*F gawG&JhzG@Hòzd;r_udk [ef@wm;wmudkawGŒ&ygw,f? vlawGqDudk a&mufvmEdkifwJhBiphenyl A yrm% [m t&rf;enf;aeayr,hfudk,f0efaqmifwJh tcsdefrSm oaE<om;udk xdcdkufr_awG jzpfapwwfygw,f?

'Dawmh u|efrwdk@pm;r,hf tpm;tpmawGxJrSm Biphenyl Ayg0ifr_udkrjzpfraeudkav#mhcs&ygr,f?tJ'Dvdkav#mhcszdk@twGufqdk&if -1? pnfoGyfxm;wJh tpm;tpmawGtpm; vwfqwfwJhtpm;tpm (odk@)a&cJaowœmxJ xnhfxm;wJh tpm;tpmrsKd;udk ydkpm;ay;oihfygw,f?2? uav;awGudk Edk@r_ef@bl;awGwdkufr,hftpm; rdcifEdk@udkom t"du+yD;wdkufau|;wm[m taumif;qHk;yg?3? uav;awGtwGuf toHk;taqmifypPnf;awG a&G;cs,fwJhtcgrSmwwfEdkifor# yvwfpwpfygwJhypPnf;awGudka&Smifyg? oHbl;vdk [mrsdK;awGudkom a&G;cs,fyg?

'gawGu Biphenyl Ayg0ifr_udk[ef@wm;wmyg? aemufwpfrsdK;avsmhcszdk@óud;pm;&rSmu Phtha-lates?

Plastic and Phthalates

oluawmh Plasticizervdk@ac:wJh"gwkypPnf;tkyfpk}uD;jzpf+yD;ol@udk PVC ykdufuae a&ar$;txdwGifwGifus,fus,f toHk;ðy=uygw,f? ESpfpOf wefcsdefaygif bDvD,efaygif;rsm;pGm xkwfvkyf+yD; ae&mwdkif;rSm toHk;ðyygw,f? tar&duefvlrsKd;awGrSmppfwrf;aumufavhvmr_awGt&olwdk@qDuvlawmfawmf rsm; rsm;&Jh cE<mudk,fxJrSm Phthalates udktwdkif;twmwpfcktxd awGŒ&ygw,f?

okawoeðyolawGtaeeJ@ Phthalates awG cE<mudk,fxJudk0ifvmwmudk ,Hk=unfayr,hf b,fvdk0ifvmw,f/ b,favmuftwdkif;twmtxd&Sdaew,fqdkwmudkawmhwdwdususrodygbl;? aumufyJoD;ESHawGuae pm;r,hftpm;tpmawGqDudka&mufvm wmrsKd;jzpfEdkifovdk odkavSmi fxm;wJ h bl;awGxJuaetpm;taomufxJ ud k0ifvmwmvnf; jzpfEdkifygw,f? Ph-thalates oHk;xm;wJh rsufESmjyif/=urf;jyifawGuaewqihf olŒudk&SLrdwwfygw,f? Phthalates yg0ifwJhSkin Care awG/ toHk;taqmifawGa=umihfvnf; ta&jym;uaewqihf cE<mudk,fxJudk 0ifoGm;wwfygw,f?

Phthalates [m tcktoHk;rsm;aewJh Chemicals awGxJu wpfcktygt0ifyg? u|efrwdk@toHk;tðyaewJh a&csKd;cef; vdkufumuae vufonf;qdk;aq;xkwfvkyfwJhtxd ae@pOftoHk;ðyaewJh ypPnf;awGxJrSm ol@udkawG@Edkifygw,f? Ph-thalates [m cE<mudk,fxJudka&muf&if tvG,fwulacszsufcH

25


APRIL, 2011

vdkuf&ayr,hf tjyifudkawmh xGufroGm;wJhtwGuf aoG;awG/ qD;awGudkppf=unhfvdkuf&if Phthalates udkawG@&ygw,f?

ol[mcE<mudk,f&Jh Endo-crine System tvkyfvkyfwJhae&mrSm csK dŒ,Gif;r_awGjzpfap+yD;Hormones awG tvkyfvkyfwmudk t[ef@twm;awG jzpfapygw,f?a[mfrkef;awGtm;vHk;xJu trsKd;om; a[mfrkef;jzpfwJh Testeroneudk taESmihft,Sufay;ygw,f? cE<mudk,fxJrSm Testerone awGtvkyfvkyfvdk@r&atmif [ef@wm;xm;ygw,f? txl;ojzihf trsKd;om;rsm;&JhrsKd;yGm;t*F gudk xdcdkufapovdk rsKd;yGm;

r_eJ@qdkifwJh jy\emawGudkvnf; jzpfay:apygw,f?

wd&p>meftxD;awGrSm prf;oyfr_awGvkyf=unhfawmh Phtha-lates a=umihf vdift*F gawGao;i,fwm/ rzGH@òzd;wm/ okufaumif awGenf;wmrsKd;awGudk oGm;awG@ygw,f? udk,f0efaqmifumvrSm PhthalateseJ@xdawGŒr_rsm;&if arG;vmr,hf om;a,musfm;av;rSm yHkrSefr[kwfwJhtoGiftjyifawG ay:aygufvmwwfygw,f? Phthalates ygwJh =urf;cif;udkoHk;xm;&if arG;uif;puav;awGrSmtouf&_ vrf;a=umif;eJ@ywfoufwJha&m*gawGudkcHpm;&apygw,f? vlawGa&m/ wd&p >me fawGr Smyg

tonf;uifqmjzpfapygw,fvdk@vnf; qdkxm;=uygw,f?

trsKd;orD;awGrSmawmh ae&mvGJ+yD;udk,f0efaqmifwmrsKd;awGudkjzpfapygw,f? aygifcsdefrjynhfbJarG;zGm;vmwJh uav;i,fawG&Jh aoG;xJrSm Phthalates yrm%jrihfwufaewmudk awG@&ygw,f? rdef;uav;i,fawGrSmqdk&ifvnf; &ifom;zHGŒòzd;r_awGapmvm+yD; tysKdjrefjrefjzpfEdkifygw,f? r=umao;cifu ðyvkyfcJhwJh avhvmr_awGt&awmh Phthalates[m uav;i,fawGrSm t0vGefapw,fvdk@ qdk=uygw,f? cE<mudk,fxJrSm Phthalates rsm;aewJh trsKd;om;wpfa,muf&Jh qJvfawG[m tif

qlviftvkyfvkyfwmudk rwHk@jyefwJhtwGuf aoG;xJrSm o=um;"gwfawGjrihf wufvm+yD; qD;csKda&m*gudk cHpm;&apygw,f? odkif;&GdKufeJ@ywfoufwJhjy\emawG/ yef;em&if=uyf/ ta&jym;"gwfrwnhfr_awGudkjzpfapygw,f?

'Dvdkqdk&if u|efrwdk@twGufyvwfpwpf[m tEœ&m,f&SdwJhypPnf;qdkwmudk tm;vHk;vnf; odoGm;yg+yD?yvwfpwpf[m vl}uD;/ vli,f/ trsKd;orD;/ trsKd;om;ra&G; tEœ&m,fjzpfapwma=umihf oleJ@xdawGŒr_udk wwfEdkifor#avsmhcs&ygr,f? yvwfpwpfbl;awGxJudk tqDawG/ tcsOfoeyfawGt=um}uD;xnhfxm;+yD;pm;wmrsKd;udka&Smif&ygr,f? yvwfpwpfcGufawG

xJudk tylawGxnhfwm/ olwdk@udk tylay;wmrsKd;awGvnf; owdxm;&ygr,f? uav;awGtwGuf Edk@bl;vdktoHk;taqmifypPnf;awGa&G;wJhtcgrSm yvwfpwpfawGtpm; zefawGudkom a&G;cs,foihfygw,f? tpm;taomufxnhfxm;wJh yvwfpwpfbl;awG/ cGufawGrSm ta&mifajymif;vmwm/ yHkpHajymif;vmwmrsKd;&Sd&if olwdk@udk roHk;oihfawmhygbl;? trSefwu,fawmh u|efrwdk@&Jhvlaer_b0tqihftwef;jrihf+yD; tqifajy vG,fulapzdk@yvyfpwpfypPnf;awG jzpfay:vm&wmyg? olwdk@&JhtusKd;aus;Zl;awGuvnf;trsm;}uD;ygyJ? 'gayr,hf vGefvGe fuJuJxdawG @r _ rsm;vm&if

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TAMALA (KnHD)udk;um;? ? tma&m*s Hr* ~Zi f ; /(azazmf0g&D 2011)

uav;awGtwGuf toHk;t aqmi fypPnf;awG a&G;cs,fwJhtcgrSm wwfEdki for#yvwfpwpfygwJhypPnf; awGudka&Smi fyg?

wdkif;&if;om;e,fajrawGuxdk;ppfawGcsufjcif;&yf

26



wavmu a&S @wef;taxmufawmfwa,mufqDuwqifhta&S@ydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyfuae/ vGdKifaumfa'ouGyfuJr_tajccsAsL[mqDudkay;ydk@wJh !$ef=um;csufw&yfta=umif; wpGef;wp odvdkuf&ygw,f?

!Gef =um;csufu 'Dvdkqdkygw,f -rS - 7yc o d k @ - 'up /vGdKifaumf1? tmz&du ta&S@tv,fykdif;EkdifiHrsm;.vuf&Sdjzpfay:aeaom EkdifiHa&;rwnfr+idrfr_rsm;wGif owif;§rD'D,m wkd@rSwqif h 0g'jzef @vkyfaqmifr_rsm;aqmif&GufcJhonfhtjyif tiftm;}uD;EdkifiHrsm;ppfa&;t& pGufzufr_rsm;ukdyg aqmif&Gufvm=ua=umif;awG@&Sd&ojzifhwkdif;e,fajrtvkduf tqkdygjzpfpOfrsm;tm; rsufajcrjywfavhvmokH;oyfI oifcef;pm,lumppfa&;owd&Sda&; wkdufyGJ0iftoifhjzpfapa&;/ta&;óuHvmygu tjrefqkH;aqmif&GufEkdifa&;vkdtyfonfrsm; óudwifpDpOfaqmif&Gufxm;&Sd&efESifh urBmhEdkifiHrsm;. vuf&Sdtajctaetm; t&m&Sdrsm;od&SdEk difa&;aqG;aEG;csjy xm;&ef upx-(2) rS csjy!Gef=um;vmcJh?2? okd@jzpfI uGyfuJr_tvkduf (NLD) ESifh qef@usifzuftzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rS &if;§zGJ@rsm;okd@qufoG,fpnf;&kH;r_rsm;/ aqmif&Gufjcif;rsm; rðyEkdifa&; vkHòcHa&;tjrifjzifhwm0ef&SdoltqifhqifhrS rsufajcrjywf

=uyfrwf aqmif&GufoGm;&ef xyfqifh!Gef=um;onf? vdk@jzpfygw,f?

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'Dvdk=ujyefawmhvnf;a=umufwwfom;yJ

27


APRIL, 2011

wyfu tpdk;&udkqef@usifwJh jynfolawGzuf buf ajymif;oGm;wJhudpPawGu etzppfAd kvfcsKyfawGtwGuftawmfwkefv_yfajcmufjcm;p&myg/vufatmufuppfwyfudk b,fvdkxdef;csKyf/ xdef;csKyf rnDr#wJhtcGihfta&;awGa=umifh olwdk@udkrauseyfwJhatmufajcwyfrawmft&m&SdawG&S daew,fqdkwm AdkvfcsKyf}uD;awGaumif;aumif;oabmaygufygw,f?'DvdkoabmaygufwJhtwGuf ta&S@tv,fydkif;u umv&Snftm%m&SifawG Zwfodrf;cef;rSm ppfwyfawGujynfolawGzuf bufajymif;ygoGm;wmu tc&musw,fqdkwm em;vnfwJh AdkvfcsKyf}uD;awG[m ta&S@tv,fydkif;u'Drdkua&pDta&; wdkufyGJ0ifr_owif;awG wyfrawmfom;awGqDra&mufatmif enf;rsKd;pHkydwfqdk@=uygw,f?

'ghtjyif 'Dvlxkv_yf&Sm;r_udkta=umif;ðy+yD; jrefrmhta&;v_yf&Sm;olrsm;u wyfrawmfom;rsm;udkpnf;&Hk;rJhta&;udkvnf;AdkvfcsKyf}uD;awGu pdk;&drfvmygw,f/ 'Dta&;udkayghayghao;ao;vdk@rwGuf&JbJ rsufajcrjywfapmifh=unfhzdk@ tavmw}uD; trdef@awGqifhxkwf+yD; t"dutrsKd;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyfeJ@ twdkuftcHEdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;olawGu ppfwyf&Jhwyf&if;wyfzGJ@awGudk csOf;uyfpnf;&Hk;r_awGrvkyfEdkifatmif wm0ef&Sdoltqifhqifhu =uyf=uyfrwfrwfeJ@ rsufajcrjywfapmif h =unfhzd k @e J @ ta&S@tv,fydkif; EdkifiHwcsKd@&Jh 'Drdkua&pDv_yf&Sm;r_jzpfpOfawGrSm taemufEdkifiH}uD;wcsKd@eJ@ aewdk;ppftkyfpku ppfa&;t&0ifa&mufpGufzufr_awG vkyfvmwJhtwGuftvm;wlppfa&; t&0if

a&mufpGufzufr_rsKd; jrefrmEdkifiHbufudk ajcOD;vSnfhcJhaomf ppfa&;t&jyefvnfwkef@jyefEdkifzdk@twGuf ppfa&;owd&Sdzdk@eJ@ tqifoifhwdkufyGJ0ifEdkifatmifjyifqifxm;=uzdk@ umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xmevufatmuf/ ppfqifa&;txl;a'o (2) u rdrdvufatmufcH wyf&if;wyfrrsm;eJ@/ a'ouGyfuJr_ppfXmersm;udk !$ef=um;vmcJhygw,f?

ppftm%m&Sif AdkvfcsKyf}uD;rsm;taeeJ@ “wyfrawmfomtrd/wyfrawmfomtz”/ “b,folcGJcGJwdk@ruGJ t+rJpnf;vHk;rnf” qdkwJh0g'jzef@aqmifyk'fawGeJ@/ wyfrawmf}uD;udk b,fvdkbJqGJpdqGJpd/ tcGifhta&;eJ@tusKd;tjrwfawGudk xdyfydkif;u ppfAdkvfcsKyf}uD;awGeJ@ aqGrsKd;wodkufawGuom tcGi f hxl;c Hpm;ae=u+y D ;atmufajcwyfawGrSmawmh zdESdyfr_rsKd;pHkeJ@ qif;&Jusyfwnf;r_'%fudk cg;qnf;cHae=u&qJyg/ 'gudkem;vnfoabmaygufaewm =um+yDjzpfayrJhwyfwGif; atmufajc&Jabmf rdom;pkawG&Jhb0tajctae ydkaumif;vmatmifjyifqifray;bJ ydk+yD;qdk;vmwJhtwGuf atmufajct&m&SdawGeJ@t=uyfwyfom;awG[m wpwpeJ@qef@usifvm=uyg+yD/ 'Dqef@usifr_awGuae wdkif;jynf&JhtajctaeeJ@jynfolvlxk&Jhb0 ydkrdkwdk;wufaumif;rGefvmwmudk jrifawG@vdkwJhtwGuf rSefuefwJhEd kifiHa&;awmif;qdkr_awGudkawmif;qdkvmaewJh armfbDtajcpdkufwyf&if;awG/ tif;ruwyf&if;awGay:xGufvm+yDjzpfygw,f?

'DvdkatmufajcwyfawGutmcHvmwJhtcgrSmawmh tdrf=uufjcif; tdk;rJokwfcGyfcdkif;zdk@ &efukefwdkif;uvHkòcHa&;wyfawGudk arSmfbDwyfawG

tjyifbufu 0ef;&Hapmifh=unfhzdk@apvGwfcJhwJhtwGuf ypfcwfr_awGjzpfyGm;+yD; aoqHk;r_awG&SdcJhwJhtxdjzpfcJhw,fvdk@od&ygw,f?

tm%m&SifAdkvfcsKyfawG taeeJ@ ppfwyfudkwaoG;woHwrdef@eJ@quf+yD;tkyfcsKyfxm;zdk@qdkwm t&ifuavmufawmh rvG,fvSygbl;/ ppfwyfudk,fwdkif&Jhb0[m ppftm%m&Sif awGtkyfcsKyfwJh e0w/ etzvufxufrSm tqdk;&Gm;qHk;taetxm;udka&muf&SdcJhygw,f/ wygwDtm%m&Sif}uD;OD;ae0if; vufxufrSmawmifppfwyfu tckcsdefavmufxd qif;&J'kuQra&mufcJhygbl;/ ppfwyfudk wpHkw&mtwdkif;twmtxd =unfhcJhwJhtwGuf t&ifuatmufajct&m&Sdt=uyfwyfom;rsm;[m twdkif;twmwcktxd tdajEN&&aeEdkifcJh=uygw,f? tckcsdefrSmuawmh atmufajc wyfrawmfrdom;pkrsm;[m tajccHjynfolvlxkenf;wl qif;&JcsKdwJhr_'%fud kc Hpmae=u&+y D ; txufatmuf zdESdyfr_'%fudkyg xyfqifhcHpm;ae=u&wJhtwGuf ppfwyftay: pdwfysufvm=uyg+yD/ rdom;pk&S daewJ hatmufajc t=uyfwyfom;rsm;twGuf aemufwef;wyf&if;rSmusef&pfwJh rdom;pkudkiJhuGufae&wJhtwGufwyfuxGufrajy;omayrJh rdom;pkr&SdwJhatmufajc&Jabmf/ t=uyfwyf

“ppfa&;t& 0ifa&mufpGufzufr_rsKd; jrefrmEdki fiHzufudk ajcOD;vSnfhcJhaomf ppfa&;t& jyefvnfwkef‹jyefEdki fzdk‹twGuf ppfa&;owd&Sdzdk‹eJ‹ tqifoi fhwdkufyGJ0i fEdki fatmi f jyi fqi fxm;=uzdk‹”

28



om;rsm;[m/ wyf&if;wdkif;vdkvdkrSmwyfu xGufajy;=uwJhtwGuf etzwyfrSm zGJ@pnf;yHkjynfhwJh wyf&if;qdkwm cyf&Sm;&Sm;ygbJ?

Ad kvfcsKyf}uD;awG[m wzufrSm rdrdwdk@&Jhtm%m&Sifpepf wnf+rJzdk@ ppfwyfomy"meqdkwJh tajctaew&yfudkzefwD;/ ppfom;awGudkae&mwumrSm AdkvfustEdkifusifhwwfatmif ajrmufay;xm;ygw,f/ppfom;eJ@t&yfom;jy\emjzpf&ift&yfom;awGzufu cH&wmcyfrsm;rsm;ygbJ/ 'ga=umifhbJyJcl;òrd@e,fuaus;&Gmwpf&GmrSmjzpfysufcJhwJh ppfwyfeJ@&efjzpfwJh t&yfom;udkvufvGwfpyg,fypfowf+yD; ppfwyfukdrxdeJ@vdk@óuH;0g;oGm;wJh jzpf&yf&JhtusKd;qufu wdkif;&if;om; e,fajrawGrSmtpdwfom;awmifrcsefeJ@vdk@trdef@ay;cJhr_&Jh tusKd;qufr[kwfbl;vdk@b,fvdkvkyf&Sif;csuf xkwfEdkifrSmvJ?

“wyfrawmftiftm;&SdrSwdkif;jynf tiftm;&Sdrnf” qdkwJh vGJrSm;wJh0g'rdkif;udk wyfrawmftwGif;

rSm twif;wdkufay;+yD; ppftiftm;}uD;xGm;a&;udkwnfaqmufaew,fqdkayrJh txufuqdkcJhovdkppfonfawGudk xif&mpdkif;cGifhay;xm;+yD;tajccH tcuftcJawGudkajz&Sif;ray;ygbl;? trSefwu,fwdkif;jynfwpfjynf&Jh tiftm;&Sdr_[m acwfpepfawG tvdkuf wacwfeJ@wacwfawmhrwlygbl;/ ordkif;OD;bHkajracwfuawmh vufeuftiftm;}uD;xGm;r_[m wdkif;jynfwjynf&Jh tiftm;jzpfr,f/ udkvdkeDacwfrSmawmh wdkif;jynfwjynf&J htiftm;}uD;xGm;r_[m"Wealth is power" "eOpPmºuG,f0r_tay:rlwnfygw,f/ 21 &mpk'Dae@acwftcgrSm wdkif;jynfwpfjynf&Jhtiftm;}uD;rm;r_[m todynm/ twwfynmtay:rSmom t"durlwnfygawmhw,f? "Knowl-edge is Power" acwfudk a&mufae+yDjzpfygw,f/ tdkifwDacwfvdk@ac:wJh 'Dae@acwf}uD;rSm enf;ynmeJ@ygwfoufvdk@ tm;ay;wdkufwGef;r_r&Sdbl;qdk&ifolrsm;EdkifiHawGxuf trsm;

}uD;udkaemufus usef&pfrSm yg? 'gudk“wyfrawmftiftm;&SdrSwdkif;jynftiftm;&Sdrnf” qdkwJh "Weaponis Power" qdkwJh t,ltqbJ &Sdaeao;w,fqdk&ifawmh usaemfwdk@AdkvfcsKyf}uD;rsm;[m jrefrmEdkifiHudk ordkif;OD;bHkajracwfqDudkjyefvnfwGef;ydk@ae=uwmbJjzpfygw,f?

b,fvdkbJjzpfjzpf ppfAdkvfcsKyf}uD;awG[m wzufrSm wdkif;jynf&Jhtm%mudk ppfwyftm;udk;eJ@ t&yfom;yHkpHajymif;+yD; tkyfcsKyfzdk@qufóud;pm;aeayrJh ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm 'kuQqif;&JcHvm&wJh atmufajcwyfom;awG&Jhb0udk tajymif;tvJrvkyfay;oIuawmh qufoGm;vdk@&rJhyHkray:ygbl;/wzufrSm twdkuftcHtiftm;pktrsKd;rsKd;udk ppfwyftm;udk;eJ@ xdef;odrf;zdk@óud;pm;cJhwJhtwGuf wzufowfajr‡mufay;+yD; Ak'<bmom &[ef;awmfawGtay:rSmawmif &uf&ufpufpufðyrlatmifapcdkif;cH&cJhwmudkwyfxJrSmvnf;tpmra=u=uygbl;?

ppfwyfrSmu xHk;pHtwdkif;txuftrdef@udk emcH&p+rJqdkawmhtcGifhta&;omomxdk;xdk;&xm;wJhxdyfyd kif;ut&m&SdawG taeeJ@uvnf; wcsKd@udpPawGrSm r[kwfrSef;odayrJh ol&Jaumif;vkyf+yD;a0zefaxmufjy&Jolr&SdoavmufygbJ ay:vmcJhzl;wJhwOD;pESpfOD;pudkvnf; csufjcif;ta&;,laqmif&Gufr_awG vkyfcJ hwma=umifh aemufydkif;bmoHrSudk r=um;&oavmufygbJ?

'gayrJ htckawmh wyfrawmfxJrSmrw&m;wm udkrw&m;whJtwdkif;/ EdkifiHawmfudkwdk;wufzGH@òzd;apcsifw,fqdk&if ppfrSefwJhðyjyifajymif;vJr_awGvkyf&r,f/ AdkvfcsKyf}uD;awGZGwfoGm;aewJh vrf;jyajryHk'Drdkua&pD

tD*spf'Drdkua&pDv_yf&Sm;r_ta&;tcif;wGif tpdk;&tm;qef@usifonfh jynfolvlxkbufodk@ul;ajymif;&yfwnfoGm;onfh tD*spfwyfrawmfrS wyfom;wOD;vlxkESifhtwl0wfðyaepOf?

29


APRIL, 2011

[m udk,fzufudk,f,ufwJh vdyf'Drdkua&pDjzpfw,f/ tvkyfrjzpfbl;/ 2008zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'[m ppfrSefwJh'Drdkua&pDpepfoGm;zdk@twGuf t[ef@twm;jzpfaew,fqdkwm t&Sdudkt&Sdtwdkif;em;vnfwJh atmufajct&m&SdawGtrsm;}uD;&Sdygw,f/ wcsdefwkef;uawmh'Dvdkt&m&SdawG[m qdk;&Gm;wJhtajctaeawGatmufrSm }udwfrdSwf+yD;oGm;aeygao;w,f'gayrJh t&m&Sdaumif; yDopGm udk,f&Jhatmufajc&JabmfawGeJ@ rdom;pk0ifawG b,fvdkcHpm;ae&w,fqdkwm ae@w"l0jrifawG@ae&zefrsm;wJhtcgrSmawmh +idrfrcHbJrSefuefwJhawmif;qdkr_awGudk &J&J0Hh0Hhawmif;qdkvm=uygw,f/ tckcsdefrSmyJcl; wdkif; &JrGef/ tif;reJ@ &efukefwdkif;uarSmfbD/ wdkuf}uD;u wyf&if;awGupkaiGjyefvnfxkwfay;zdk@ awmif;qdk&muaeEdkifiHa&;ðyjyifajymif;vJr_awGvkyfzdk@ &J&J0Hh0Hhawmif;qdkvm=uyg+yD?

tcsdefudkufbJ &mZ0ifrSm1990-jynfhESpf'Drd kua&pDvd_if;udktHwkcJhwJh tmz&duajrmuyfydkif;eJ@ta&S@tv,fydkif;EdkifiHawGu 'Drdku

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tm%m&SifAd kvfcsKyfrsm;/t}uD;tus,frsufcHk;v_yfaeyg+yD/ umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme&Jh txl;ppfqifa&;Xmerª;}uD;awG udk,fwdkifu oufqdkif&mppfwdkif;e,fajrrsm;tvdkufatmufajcwyfxkudk jyL;jyL;jymjymeJ@ta&;ay:trdef@awGxkwfqifhae&yg+yD/“wyfrawmftiftm;&SdrS wdkif;jynftiftm;&Sdrnf” qdk+yD; q,fpkESpfeJ@csDaºuG;a=umfcJhayrJh atmufajct&m&Sdi,fawGeJ@wyfom;awG/ olwdk@wawGtay:rS Dcd kae&wJh rdom;pkawGb0oufomajcmifcsda&;twGuf bmwckrSr,fr,f&&vkyfray;bJ tckvdktaetxm;rsKd;a&mufwJhwdkif trdef@awG/ tm%mawGeJ@quf+yD; c&D;oGm;aeao;w,fqdk&ifawmh AdkvfcsKyf}uD;wdk@a& xdkifcHkay:b,favmuf=um

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pmrlay;ydk@&ef1? udkatmifqef;jrifh/ email: [email protected]? a&$rsKd;oef@ email: [email protected] Box-(6), Mae Hong Son 58000

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30



Armhwyfrawmfu vlrsKd;pke,fajrawGrSm usL;vGefavh&SdwJh vlrqefwJhvl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_ trsKd;rsKd;xJrSm pufqkyfp&m taumif;qHk; vkyf&yfuawmh wdkif;&if;oltrsKd;orD;awGudk tysKd/ ttdk/ }uD;i,f ra&Smif/ vdifydkif;qdkif&mt=urf;zufr_usL;vGefwm/ rk'drf;usifhwmbJjzpfygw,f/ 'DvdkusL;vGefr_ðywJhtcgrSmvnf; wcgwavwpfOD;wa,mufxJu usL;vGefwmjzpfayrJ h wcgwav=uawmh tkyfpkvdkufðyusifh=uygw,f/ qdk;&Gm;wmu 'DvlrqefwJhusL;vGefr_awGudkAdkvfrª;}uD;tqifh&Sd wJht&m&Sd}uD;awG ygt0ifArmhwyfrawmfu t&m&SdawGudk,fwdkifu yg0ifusL;vGefae=uwmjzpfygw,f?

usL;vGefoltrsm;pk[mvnf; tifrwefqdk;&Gm;vSwJh onfusL;vGefr_awGtwGuf ypf'%fay;wmudkrcH=u&ygbl;? 'Dxufydkqdk;wmu ppfwyftaeeJ@ olwdk@udkwdkufcdkufaeqJjzpfwJh trsKd;om;vufeufudkiftiftm;pkawGtajccswJhe,fajrawGu wdkif;&if;olawGtay: ydkrdkusL;vGef=uwmudkawG@&Sd&+yD;/ 'DvdkusL;vGefcGifhudk vnf; wrifcGifhðyxm; ovdkygbJ/'ga=umifh wdkif;&if;oltrsKd;orD;awGtay: vdifydkif;qdkif&m t=urf;zufr_usL;vGefwmawG[m trsKd;orD;awGudk ppfa&;qdkif&m ypfrSwfvdkoabmxm;+yD;usL;vGefaew,fqdkwJh pGyfpGJ

csufawG xGufay:vmcJhygw,f?

' Dv d ku s L ;vGefr_awGudk pkpnf;=unfhwJ htcg ae&ma'owcktwGif;u odrSDvdkuf&wJhtcsuftvufawGt&awmifpdk;&drfbG,f taetxm;udka&mufaewmawG@&wJ htwGuf ppfAdkvfcsKyfawGtaeeJ@ppfom;awGudkwdkif;&if;olawGtay: rk'drf;usifhcGifhudk w&m;0ifvdkifpif ay;xm;w,fqdk+yD;

&Srf;trsKd;orD;a&;&myl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;tzGJ@u 2002-ckESpf/ arvrSmrk'drf;usifhcGifhvdkifpifqdkwJh tpD&ifcHpmudktjynfjynfqdkif&m rsufESmpmudkzGif hcswifjycJhygw,f/ tpD&ifpmuArmhwyfrawmftaeeJ@ &Srf;jynfe,ftwGif; vufeufudkifyÉdyuQjzpfyGm;aewJh ae&mawGu wdkif;&if;olawGtay: 1996-ckESpfu ae 2001-ckESpftwGif; vdifydkif;qdkif&m t=urf;zufr_

trsKd;rsKd; 625 r_ txd usL;vGefcJh+yD; tJ'DtxJu rk'def;r_ 173

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wu, fawm hjrefrmjynf qdkwJ h

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wdkif;&if;om;wdkif;u pkaygif;ydkifqdkif=uwmjzpfygw,f/ wdkif;&if;om;awGu jrefrmjynf&Jhe,fajra'o trsm;pkudk ydkifqdkifxm;=uayrJh wef;wl&nfwltcGifhta&;udkr&&SdcJhwJhtwGuf ESpfaygif; rsm;pGmwdkufyGJ0ifcJh=uwmjzpfygw,f/ 'gudkjrefrmjynfudktkyfcsKyfcJh=uwJh tm%m&Siftqufqufujy\em&Jht&if;tjrpfudk t&Sdudkt&Sd

twdkif;rajz&Sif;bJ wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkiftiftm;pkawGujynfaxmifpkòyduGJatmif vkyfaew,fvdk@ pGyfpGJ+yD; tndk;}uD;}uD;xm;um vufeuftm;udk;eJ@ajz&Sif;cJh=uygw,f/ 'Dvdkajz&Sif;wJhae&mrSm ppftm%m&Sifjzpf

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umv0dygwfaemufydk;wuf

z&pPudk (vGdKi faumf)

31


APRIL, 2011

w,f/ ppfwyf&Jhxdyfwef; acgif;aqmifawGjzpfwJh wdkif;rª;awG/ wyfrª;awGudk,fwdkifu trsKd;om; vufeufudkiftiftm;pkawG&Sd&me,fajrudk ppfqifa&;xGufrJhppfom;awGudk ppfqifa&;e,fajrawGrSm xif&mpdkif;zdk@E_wfeJ@ trdef@ay;cJhwJh om"uawG txift&Sm;&SdcJhygw,f/ txl;ojzifh “tpdwfom;awmifrcsefeJ@”/ “tysKdttdk bmrSra&SmifeJ@” qdkwJhpum;awGudk b,fAd kvfcsKyfawGuajymcJ hw,fqdkwmordkif;r0ifayrJh ordkif;wGifaerJhpum;awGjzpfygw,f? 'Dvdk tm;ay;tm;ajrmufr_awG &SdcJhwJhtwGuf etzppfom;awG [mwdkif;&if;om;e,fajrawGudk ppfqifa&;xdk;wJhae&mrSmwEdkifiHtwGif;twlwuG rSDwif;aexdkifae=uwJh aoG;csif;om;csif;awGvdk@oabmrxm;awmhygbl;/ wdkif;jynfudkòzdcGJrJhaomif;usef;olawG&JhtquftEG,fawG/ aomif;usef;olawGudktm;ay;tm;ajr‡mufðyolawGvdk@oabmxm;+yD; a'ocHwdkif;&if;om;awGudkusm;/ r ra&Smif ay:wmqGJ/ awG@or# ypPnf;OpPmawG t"rRodrf;,l/tdrfarG;wd&p>mef=uuf/ 0uf/ u|J/ EGm;awGudk vufvGwfpyg,f ypfcwfpm;aomuf/ olwyg;om;r,m;rcsef rdef;r&G,fawGudk t"rRðyusifh pwJhvl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_awGudk vdkifpif&xm;wJhtvm; ajymifajymifwif;wif;usL;vGef=uygw,f? vwfwavmzwfvdkuf&wJh &Srf;oHawmfqifh&Jhowif;wyk'ft& &Srf;jynfwdk;wufa&;ygwD/ SSPP/SSA eJ@jzpfaewJhwdkufyGJawGrSm etzwyfzufu qdk;qdk;&Gm;&Gm; vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_awGusL;vGefae=u+yD; wdkufyGJumvtwGif;rSm trsKd;orD;awGudk rk'drf;usifhr_

awG&SdcJhw,fvdk@qdkygw,f/ wdkufyGJumvtwGif; rk'drfusifhcH&wJh trsKd;orD;awGteuf rwfv (21)&ufn uerfhaygiftajcpdkuf cr&-(291)eJ@cv&-(33) rdkif;aumif0fu yl;wGJppfa=umif;u ppfom;awG&Jh tkyfpkvdkufwnvHk;rk'drf;usifhwmudkcHvdkuf&wJhrD;zGm;+yD; (1)vom&Sdao;wJh touf(30) t&G,frdkif;aumif0f&GmolwOD;aoqHk;cJh&w,fvdk@ owif;u twdtus azmfjycJhygw,f?

etzppfwyfrSm wdkif;jynfudktrSefwu,fcspfjrwfEdk;+yD; wyfrawmf&Jht"duwm0efjzpfwJh jynfol

vlxk&Jh touftdk;tdrfpnf;pdrfudkumuG,fapmif ha&Smuf&r,fqdkwJhtodw&m;awG/ usifh0wfoduQmawGr&Sdawmhygbl;/ ppfAdkvfcsKyfrsm;&dkufoGi f;xm;wJ h oabmw&m;awGatmufrSm etzppfom;awG[mwdkif;&if;om;awGe,fajrrSm bmbJvkyfvkyfw&m; w,fqdkwJhoabmudkw&m;aoqkyfudkifum ydk+yD;xif&mpdkif;vm=uygw,f?

' Dvd k xif&mp d ki f ;wwfatmif AdkvfcsKyfawGudk,fwdkifu tm;ay;tm;ajr‡mufvkyfcJhwmjzpf+yD; t

qdk;qHk;u ppfwyfudk rk'drf;wyfrawmfjzpfatmif t&m&SdawGudk,fwdkifua&S@aqmifvrf;jyvkyfcJhwmygbJ? 'DvdktvkyfrsKd;udk vdkifpif&xm;wJhtvm;vkyfc Gi f h&xm;wJ hppfom;awG[maemufqHk;rawmh xdef;rEdkifodrf;r&eJ@Zwfwlom;pm;=uygawmhw,f? wyfwGif;rSm ol@vifa&S@wef;xGufwkef;aemufwef;usefr,m;udk =umcdkwJhZwfvrf;awGu r=um;csiftqHk;jzpfvmygw,f? aemufqHk;rSmawmh wyfwGif;rSmppfom;awGu rdrdwdk@ vkyfazmfudkifzuftcsif;csif;&Jh t&G,fra&mufao;wJh rdef;cav;i,fawGudkawmifra&Smif rk'def;usifh+yD;owfjzwfvmwJhvkyf&yfrsKd;udkawmifusL; vGefvm=uygw,f?

wdkif;&if;om;e,fajrawGrSmwkef;uawmh rk'def;usifhwJhudpPudktm;ay;tm;ajrmufðycJhwJh AdkvfcsKyfawG 'Dvdktusifhqdk;awGu wyfwGif;aemufwef;e,fajrawGrSmjzpfysufvm wmudkawG@vmwJhtcgrSmawmhpdk;&drfw}uD;eJ@ &Srf;-u,m; ppfwdkif; udkppfqifa&;}uD;=uyfwJh uxp-(2)(umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xmeppfqifa&;txl;tzGJ@-2) udk,fwdkifu vufatmufcHwyfrawG/ a'ouGyfuJr_ppfXmecsKyfawGudk jzpfysufcJhwJhZwfvrf;tcsKd@udkcsjy+yD; rdrdvufatmufu wyf&if;awGrSm tvm;wltjzpfqdk;rsKd; rjzpfatmifxdef;odrf;=uzdk@eJ@'Dvdktjzpfqdk;rsKd;udkusL;vGefolawG[mt&uftvGeftu|Haomuf+yD; pdwfua,mifacsmufjcm;jzpfaewJh ppfonfawGuomusL;vGef=uwmjzpfwJhtwGuf rdrdvufatmufu ppfonfawGudk usyfusyfrwfrwf uGyfuJxdef;odrf;=uzdk@n$ef=um;vmygw,f?vufawG@rSmolwdk@yHkoGif;cJhwJh rk'def;wyf

“tpdwfom;awmifrcsefeJ‹”/“tysKdttdkbmrSra&SmifeJ‹”qdkwJhpum;awGudk b,fAdkvfcsKyfawGu ajymcJhw,fqdkwmordkif;r0ifayrJh ordkif;wGifaerJh pum;awG ==

32



rawmf}uD; vufoHajymif+yD; Zwfwlom;pm;vmwJhudpPudkawmh rodusKd;u|HrsufuG,fðycJh=uygw,f?

'DZwfwlom;pm;wJh Zwfvrf;u &Srf;jynfe,f/ erfhprftajcpdkuf/cv&-247 rSm 2010-jynfhESpf /atmufwdkbmvtwGif;eJ@/ &Srf;jynfe,f/ aumif;armf[dkyeftajcpdkufcv&-143 rSm 2011-ckESpfazaz:0g&Dv twGif;rSmjzpfysufcJ hygw,f?txufygwyf&if; (2) cku wyfom;(2)OD;[m rdrdwdk@txuft&m&Sdi,f(2) OD;&Jht&G,fra&mufao;wJh orD;rdef;cav; (2)a,mufudk om;r,m;ðyusifh+yD; &uf&ufpufpuf owfypfcJhygw,f?

'Dvdktjzpfqdk;awGudk udk,fawG@óuHvmrS AdkvfcsKyfawG[m rdrdwdk@tm;ay;tm;ajrmufvkyfxm;wJh rk'drf;usifhcGifhvdkifpifudpP[m ppf om;awGuaemufwef;wyf&if;awGrSmyg vuf&JZwf&JusL;vGefvmwm awG@&awmhrSajcrudkifrd/ vufrudkifrdeJ@ uAsmu,m trdef@awGxkwf+yD; =uyfrwfr_awGxvkyfvm=uygw,f?

tckvd ktjzpfqd k ;awGuZwfwlom;pm;wJ htxdjzpfvmrStrdef@awGx xkwfjyef+yD;xdef;odrf;vdk@&r,fxif&ifawmh rSm;ygvdrfhr,f/ pdwfydkif;qdkif&mt& ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;aewJhtusifhysuf wyfrawmf}uD;udk pdwf"gwft&jyef+yD;ðyjyifajymif;vJr_awGvkyf&ygr,f? wdkif;jynftwGif;rSm t,l0g'a&;&m/ trsKd;om;qdkif&m tcGifhta&;/ 'Drdkua&pDeJ@ vl@tcGifhta&;awGtwGuf q,fpkESpfeJ@csD+yD;trsKd;om;vufeufudkif tiftm;pkrsm;eJ@jrefrmtm%m&Siftpdk;& tqufquf&Jh vufeufudkif ppfwyf=um;rSmjynfwGif;ppfrD;awGawmufavmifcJh&ygw,f/ 'DppfrD;awGudk trSefawmh

+idrf;r,fqdk&iftm%m&Sif tqufqufbufu +idrf;EdkifpGrf;&SdcJhygw,f/wdkif;jynftay:rSmppfrSefwJh apwemxm;w,f/ wdkif;&if;om; pnf;vHk;nD!$wfa&;udk trSefwu,fvdkvm;w,fqdk&if aphpyfajz&Sif;wJhenf;vrf;eJ@ajz&Sif;&rSmyg 'gayrJhtxufu azmfjycJhwJhtwdkif; tm%m&Siftqufquf[m rdrdwdk@bufudk wzufowftaumif;jrif&yfwnf+yD; rdrd&Jhcg;ydkufaqmifwyfudk aoG;xdk;ajrmufyifhay;cJhwJhtwGuf wdkif;&if; om;awGbufuArmppfwyfqdk&if jrifudkrjrifcsifawmhavmufatmifjzpfcJhovdk etzppfwyfbufuvnf; wdkif;&if;om;awGudkppfwvif;e,fajrawGrSm vlvdk@oabmrxm;awmhygbl;/ 'DtmCmw&Jh'%fudk txducH&wmuawmh typfrJhwJh wdkif;&if;oltrsKd;orD;awG/ uav;i,fawGygbJ?

tckawmh 'Dxif&mpdkif;cGifhay;cJhwJh '%f&m'%fcsufawGudk etzppfwyfudk,fwdkifu jyefvnfcHpm;ae&+yDjzpfygw,f? b,folrðyrdrdr_ qdkovd ky gbJ / wajrxJaewa&xJaomufcJh=uwJh wdkif;&if;om;jynfolvlxk&Jh om;aumif;orD;ysKdawG rsuf&nfayguf}uD;i,fusatmif tEdkifusif hcJ h =uwJh umv0dyÉfaemufydk;wuf+yDjzpfygw,f?

'Dvdktusifhqdk;awGudk wyfrawmftwGif;rSmomru b,fvufeufudkifwyftwGif;rSmyg r&Sdatmifwdkufzsufypf&ygr,f? ppfwyfu wdkif;&if;om;e,fajrawGrSm ppfqifa&;xGufwJhtcgrSm typfr&SdwJhwdkif;&if;om;jynfolvlxkudktmCmw w&m;awGeJ@ xif&mpdkif;ESdyfpufuvl ðyrlaewmawGudk &yfqdkif;ypf&ygr,ftxl;ojzifh ppfab;ppf'%f&SdwJht&yfu trsKd;orD;eJ@ uav;i,fawG

tay: tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_awG r&Sdatmif/ tjynfjynfqdkif&m vlom;jcif;pmemr_qdkif&m Oya'rsm;udk pmemem;vnfvdkufemwwfwJh wyfrawmfw&yfjzpfatmif jyefvnfðyjyifajymif;vJr_awGvkyf&ygr,f?

'DvkdrSr[kwfbJ vufeufudkifwyfrawmfudk trsKd;om;a&;tpGef;a&muf0g'awG oGwfoGif;ay;+yD;rdrdwdk@uom jrifhjrwfwJhvlwef;pm;/wdkif;jynf}uD;udkròyduGJatmifumuG,fwJhae&mrSm xif&mvkyfcGif h&S dw,fqdkwJh tjrifawGoGwfoGif;ay;+yD;xif&mpdkif;cGif hðyxm;&if 'Dwdkif;jynfrSm ppfrSefwJh+idrf;csrf;a&;udk wnfaqmufEdkifrSmr[kwfygbl;?

'Dxufydkqdk;wmu wdkif;jynfwckrSm jynfolvlxk&Jh touftdk;tdrfpnf;pdrfudk umuG,fapmifha&Smufzdk@ t"duwm0ef&SdwJh wyfrawmfudk vlwdkif;ucspfcifav;pm;r_&Sdatmif usifh0wfoduQm&SdwJh wyfrawmfw&yfjzpfatmifxl axmifay;&rJhtpm; wm0ef&SdwJhxdyfydkif;u t&m&SdawGukd,fwdkifu tusifhysufatmif raumif;wJhtusifhp&dkufawGudk oGwfoGif;ay;aewmudk ðyjyif&ygr,f/ 'DvdkrSr[kwfbJ'Dtwdkif; vGwfxm;r,fqdk&ifawmh 'Draumif;'%fudk wyfrawmf}uD;udk,fwdkifujyefcHpm;&ygvdrfhr,f? rdrdðyaomuH&Jh'%frdrdjyefcH&p+rJjzpfygw,f? uHraumif;ta=umif;rvS&if umv0dygwfaemufydk;wuf wwfygw,f?

&kyfajymifumwGef;rsm;udk

vnf;ay;ydk@Edkifygonf

33


APRIL, 2011

w0D;0D;ESif hwd kufaeonfhavjyif;utwm;tqD;rJh0ifwdk;aoma=umifh tjrifhqHk;ukef;xdyfwGif wyifwnf;xD;xD;&S daom anmifyif.udkif;zsm;udkif;em;wdk@ ,drf;EGJ@v_yfcgoHudktwdkif;om;=um;ae&onf/ t&SdefESifhwdkufcwfvmaomavjyif;u ajratmif;befumwJ trdk;0g;acsmif;0g;csrf;wdk@t=um;u wdk;0ifjzwfoef;wdkufcwfoGm;aomtcg w&$D;&$D;jzifhavc|efoHxGufvm./ yanmifyif.tudkif;zsm;wdk@ avt&Sdefa=umifh wJtrdk;0g;ydk;0g;cGHwdk@udk yGwfwdkufv#uf&SdaomtoHonf w*spf*spf rnfv#uf&Sd.?

pifppftjyifbufwGif arSmifao;onfr[kwf tjrifhqHk;awmif

xdyfukef;jzpfI aevHk;eDeDarS; wifv#uf&S daoma=umif h vdarRm f&if ha&mifawmuf aumif;uiftem; owfvd_if;udk wdrfwdkufuif;pifonfh tjym&ifhrd_if;rd_if;aumif;uif}uD;udk aemufcHxm;I awG@ae&ao;onf? naeqnf;qmESifhtwlaygufcsvmwwfonfh avjyif;ESifhtat;'%fudk rcHEdkif=uIom usaemfwdk‹wJwGif;0if xdkifae=ujcif;jzpfonf/ usaemfwdk@ qdkaomfvnf; vlrsm;rsm;pm;pm;&S donfr[kwfyg/ usaemfESif hu&ifeDwyfrawmfAsL[m&Hk;rS 'k-Adkvfpdk;&,f ESpfa,mufwnf;om/ usaemftaejzifhu&ifeDwyfrawmfXmecsKyfnmrdkpcef;odk@ wufonfhtcgrsm;Y &Hzef&H

cgqdkovdktjrifhqHk;AsL[mukef;odk@wuf+yD; Adkvfpdk;&,f.wJwGif tdyfwwfonf/ usaemfhtwGufwyf&if;rSxkwfay;xm;onfh apmifcGJwrf;udkvnf;/ Adkvfpdk;&,fwJwGifxm;cJhonf?tckvnf; (61)-ESpfajrSmuf u&ifeDtrsKd;om;ckcHawmfvSefa&;ae@ tcrf;tem;udk nmrdkpcef;wGif usif;y&eftwGuf tcrf;tem;usif;ya&; aumfrwDtwGif;a&;rª;wm0efjzifh óudwifjyifqifEdkif&eftwGuf usaemf awmifay:a&mufaejcif;yif?

reufapmapmu wufcJhonfhwdkif &Snfvsm;onfh awmifwufc&D;udk av#mufvmcJh&ojzifh udk,fvufawGu rv_yfjcifavmuf atmif

wm0efausESifhonfh

-u,faºuGwyGifh

rsKd; (uEW&0wD)

34



yif udkufcJaeouJhodk@ awmifay:tat;'%fuvnf; qGJaqmifaeonfrdk@ ESpfa,mufom; u&ifeDcsuft&ufudk vufzufokwft+rD;jzifh 0dkif;zGJ@ae=ujcif;jzpfonf?

ycHk;atmufavsmhae+yDjzpfonfh ykvif;xJrSt&ufudk usaemfhcGuftwGif;jznfhxJhay;+yD; aemufAdkvfpdk;&,f udk,fudkaemufvSefI tdyf,may:vSJcsvdkufonf/ b,fvufjzifhacgif;tHk;atmuftwGif; vufo#KdEdkufvdkuf+yD;aemuf "gwfyHkwyHkudk xkwfI=unfhaeonf/ +yD;rSxdkifaeqJjzpfonfh usaemfhxHvufurf;I-

“orD;avq&m tckqdk&ifawmh av;ESpfcGJavmuf&Sda&mygh/ ol@tarudk tazb,foGm;vJvdk@ c%c%ar;w,fvdk@ajymw,f/ ol@taru c&D;oGm;aew,fajymawmh taz'Dwacgufc&D;oGm;wm wtm;eJ@=umw,fvdk@ajymw,fwJh”

usaemfu vSr f ;,l&i f ;=unfhvdkufonf/ tom;jzLjzL00 upfupf uav;rav;wa,mufonf"gwfyHkwGif;rSòyH;Iusaemfhudk =unfhaeavonf?

“bmvdkvdkeJ@ olwdk@oGm;wm b,fESpf ESpfavmuf&SdoGm;+yDvJ”

“o H k ; E S p f au sm f au sm favmuf &Sda&maygh”

“olwdk@om;trdu b,fEdkifiHrSmvJ”

“qGD'ifrSm”

ESpfa,mufom; pum;rqdkjzpf=ubJ wdwfae=u+yD;rS usaemfuqufIar;vdkufonf -“Ad kvfpd k;&,faemuftdrfaxmifutar&dum;aemf”

“[kwfw,f”“aemuftdrfaxmifeJ@vJ

orD;wa,mufygoGm;w,fr[kwfvm;”

“[kwfw,f” “olwdk@awGudk owdr&bl;vm;”

usaemf.E_wfrS &kwfw&ufrqifrjcifxGufoGm;aomtar; onfAdkvfpdk;&,f.&ifodk@ r#m;wpif;yrm pl;ESpf0ifonfxif. twef=umatmiftwkef@pum;rqdk &Sdonf?

xdk@aemuf vSJae&mrSxxdkifI t&ufwcGufudkiSJ@um armhcsvdkufonf/ +yD;aemuf oufrwcsufcsvdkuf&if; -

“q&modwJhtwdkif; usaemf(14) ESpfom;uwnf;u u&ifeDawmfvSefa&;udka&mufcJhw,f/ toufjynfhwmeJ@ u&ifeDwyf rawmfxJ0ifcJhw,f/awmfvSefa&;u aºuG;wJhxrif;udkpm;+yD; usaemf}uD;jyif;cJh&w,f/ u&ifeDjynfolawGtwGuf usaemfvkyfp&mtrsm;}uD; usefao;w,f”

Ad kvfpd k;&,f. cHpm;csuftjynfhjzifhajymaeonfh pum;wdk@onf usaemfh&ifodk@0ifa&muf &dkufcwf. udk,fwdkifjrifawG@cJhonfh odkufodkuf0ef;0ef;&Sdonfh rdom;pk urBmav;udk pGef@EdkifcJhol/ ydkrdktcGifh tvrf;aumif;Edkifonfh b0a&S@a&; taetxm;awGudk pGef@EdkifcJholtjzpf av;pm;rdonf?u&ifeDawmfvSefa&;wGifol@xuftajctaeaumif;ol/ ol@xuftwwfynmydkrdk&Sdol/ u&ifeDvlxkudk aumif;pGmtvkyftaºuG;ðyEdkifol wyHkwyifonf apmpD;pGmuyif wwd,EdkifiHodk@tajccs&ef xGufcGmoGm;cJh=u+yD r[kwfygvm;?

“yxrtdrfaxmif uwnf;u rdef;ra&m/ a,muQrawG a&mvdkufoGm;zdk@tonf;toef ac:=uygw,f/ 'gayrJhusaemf&Sufw,f/ u&ifeDawmfvSefa&;uaºuG;wJhxrif;udkpm;+yD; awmfvSefa&;udkpGef@oGm;&rSmusaemft&SufqHk;bJ/ aemuf+yD;tJ'Dvdka&ajrrSm usaemfaewwfrSmr[kwfbl;/ bmrSvkyfwwfrSm vJr[kwfbl;/usaemfhb0rSm t&G,fa&mufuwnf;u &JabmfbJvkyfcJhw,f/ rdom;pkudkvnf;&Jabmfvkyf+yD;bJ &SmaºuG;cJ hw,f”“usaemf&JabmfbJvkyfwwfw,usaemf&JabmfbJvkyfwwfw,usaemf&JabmfbJvkyfwwfw,usaemf&JabmfbJvkyfwwfw,usaemf&JabmfbJvkyfwwfw,f”

aemufqufwGJZwfvrf;wdk@udk Adkvfpdk;&,fpum;rqufao;onfhwdkif usaemfhtm&HkwGif &kyf&SifZwfum;wcktm;=unfhae&onfh tvm;wjznf;jznf;jrifa,mifIvmonf?

rdef;rESif ha,muQrrsm;uwwd,EdkifiHodk@oGm;a&muftajccs&efAdkvfpdk;&,ftm; 0dkif;0ef;azsmif;zsac:,lyHk/ Adkvfpdk;&,fcg;cg;oD;oD;jiif;cJhyHk/rnfodk@yifac:ac: ac:Ir&onf jzpfIEdkifiHjcm;oGm;vdkaomZeD; tvdkusuGm&Sif;jywfpJ+yD;a=umif; vufrSwfa&;xdk;ay;vdkufyHk?

r=umrSD 'kwd,tdrfaxmifusyHk/ orD;av;wa,muf&yHk/ pmaumif;pGmrwwfonfh awm&Gmol'kwd,tdrfaxmifonfvnf; trsm;ajrmufay;r_udktm;us+yD; wwd,EdkifiHodk@oGm;a&muftajccs&ef Adkvfpdk;&,ftm; wdkufwGef;vmyHk/ wdkufwGef;r&onfhtqHk; a,musfm;rygbJ tar&duefEdkifiHodk@ oGm;a&muftajccs&efqHk;jzwfcsufcsyHk/ aemufqHk;Adkvfpdk;&,fuGm&Sif;vufrSwfa&;xdk;ay;vdkuf&yHk

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APRIL, 2011

ponfjzifhwuGufjcif;/ wuGufjcif;jrifa,mifIvmonf?

tckawmhAdkvfpdk;&,fonftaESmiftzGJ@r&Sd/ odk@jzpfI awmpGefawmifzsm;rS v#yfppfrD;r&Sd/ vnfywfp&mqdkI wawmifqif;I wawmifwuf&onfh wyfpcef;rsm;om&SdIysif;&dbG,faumif;aom nmrdkwyfcef;wGif +rJaeawmhonf? ESpfv/ oHk;vaeIrS awmifatmufrqif;/ Adkvfpdk;&,ftwGuf tyrf;ajzp&mum;EdkifiHjcm;rSa0;a0;wcg zkef;ac:vmwwfonfh pum;ryDuvm yDuvmajymwwfae+yDjzpfaom yxrtdrfaxmifESifh&onfh orD;}uD;.pum;oHrsm;om?

ESpfa,mufom; udk,fhtawG; ESifhudk,f+idrfoufae,if;jzifh nonfydkIeufarSmifvm./ apmapm uw0D;0D;wdkufaeaom avjyif;wdk@onf,ckawmhb,fqDa&mufoGm;av+yDrod? aomufxm;aom t&Sdefjzifhwajz;ajz;idkufrnf;Ivmonf odk@ESifhusaemf rnfonfhtcsdeftdyfarmusoGm;onfudkyif udk,fhudkudk,frodvdkufawmh?

aemufwreufwGif Adkvfpdk;&,fESif husaemf tcrf;tem;usif;yrnfh avhusifha&;uGif;bufodk@qif;=uonf/ wm0ef&Sd wyfAdkvfwyfrª;tcsKd@ESifh pifjrifhjyifqifa&;udpP/ *k%fðywyfzGJ@udpP/ vma&mufrnfh {nfhy&dwfowfrsm;em;ae&efae&m/ csufðywfa&;ESifh vHkòcHa&;udpPrsm;udk aqG;aEG;+yD;awmifatmuf usaemfjyefqif;cJ honf?

aemufydkif;u&ifeD trsKd;om;ckcHawmfvSefa&;ae@/ wyfrawmfae@wdk@wGif Adkvfpdk;&,fESifhawG@jzpfonf/

tcrf;tem;usif;y&mae&mESifh Adkvfpdk;&,fae&mAsL[mukef;rSm awmifxdyfESifh awmifajcjzpfaeaoma=umifhusaemftcrf;tem;usif;y&mae&mavhusifha&;uGif;wGifom tdyfjzpfonf/ odk@jzpfI Adkvfpdk;&,fESifhat;at;aq;aq;pum;ajymcGif hróuHawmh?

aemufyd ki f;wGif tzG J @tpnf;rSay;tyfaom wyfaygif;pka&;&mudpPrsm;jzifh usaemfc&D;r=umc%xGufjzpfonfjzpf&m a0;a0;wcg zkef;jzifhtjyeftvSef qufoG,fajymqdk=uonfrSvGJI Adkvfpdk;&,ftajcpdkuf&m nmrdkpcef;odk@umv twef=umra&mufjzpfawmh? Ad kvfpd k;&,fwa,mufjynfwGi f ;c& D;od k @y goGm;onf[k =um;vdkuf&+yD;aemufydkif;wGiftquftoG,fu jywfoavmufjzpfoGm;awmhonf?

2010-jynfh/ atmufwdkbmvaESmif;ydkif; wreufwGif usaemfhvufudkif zkef;ac:oH rnfvmonf/r[mrdwfwyfaygif;pka&;&mudpPESifhywfoufI usaemfe,fpyfwae&ma&mufaecdkufjzpfonf? “[vdk”[kusaemfxl;vdkufawmh?

“q&m=um;+yD;+yDvm;”“bmudpPvJ”“Adkvfpdk;&,fusoGm;+yD”

usaemf&kwfw&ufpum;rqdkEdkifjzpfoGm;I rSifoufaeaoma=umifh wzufrSzkef;ac:olu -

“q&m=um;&J hvm;” [kqufar;vmrS uysmu,myif -

“a=omf[kwfuJh =um;ygw,f/ b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ/ b,frSmvJAsm”

“yGefacsmif;wdkufyGJ+yD; vlcGJjyefqkwf=uwJhtcg olwdk@wyfpk u yGefacsmif;ta&S@bufurf;awmxJ wae&mrSm rdk;csKyfawmh ntdyfpcef;cs=uw,f/ tJ'DnrSmbJ avjyif;awGwdkufawmh opfyif}uD;awGvSJuswm ajy;rvGwfbJ opfyifyd+yD; qHk;oGm;w,fvdk@ajymw,f q&m”

wzufrSajymoHtqHk;wGifa=omfjzpfrSjzpf&av[kuH=urRmudk ,dk;r,fzG J @vd kufcsi fawmhonf AH k ;tajrmufusnfqH=um; ra=umufr&GH@wd kuf& Jc d kuf& Jolwa,muf uHraumif;ta=umif;rvSpGmjzihf wkdufyGJa=umifhr[kwfbJ usqHk;cJh&av+yD?

“cifAsm; aemufqHk;xGufouftxd wm0efausoGm;cJhygw,f/Adkvfpdk;&,f/ cifAsm;[m pHerlemxm;avmufwJh&Jabmf aumif;}uD; wa,mufyg/ aumif;&mok*wdudka&mufygapAsm”

usaemfhteD;tem;wGif wpHkwa,mufrS&SdraeonfjzpfI txufygpum;pkwdk@onf usaemfh E_wfrSxGufvmjcif;r[kwfyg/ &ifwGif;rSwD;wdk;a&&Gwfae&if; nmrdkawmifukef;nwnu Adkvfpdk;&,f. toGif o¾mefwdk@onf usaemfhtm&HkwGif ryd0dk;w0g;jzifh xif[yfvmv#uf—?

qDG'ifEdkifiH/ pawmh[krf;òrd@pGefwae&m

ESpfxyfwdkufcef;wck. tay:xyftdyfcef;wGif;wGif av;ESpfausmfcef@t&G,f00upfupfESifh cspfp&maumif;aom uav;rav;wa,mufonf rSefjyLwif;rSwqifh

pmrsufESm(17)odk@

36



THE Loyal

C O M R A D E S- By Hsetayluu -The loyal comrades are little known by

the new generation of today for the rolesthey played in the national movement, andthe challenges they faced until their lastbreaths.

The road they took wasn’t as easy asexpected, however no matter whathappened to them, they willinglyconfronted obstacles to pave a smoothway for the next comers. They never didthings for personal gain, only in theinterest of their people. Alongside them,there are many more to be mentioned wholaid down their lives for freedom of theirpeople.

It has been over a half century since abetter day for the national movement, andthe movement they were involved in fromthe very beginning is still up in the air %further pooling into a vicious circle.

Saw Maw Reh, who settled in Kyehpoegyiwhen he was young and worked as apersonal guard for the last Kyehpoegyi’schief during the British rule in Burma,

shouldered the bulk of the burden whenBurma was freed from British rule andKarenni politics turned into hysteria.Initially, he hesitated to take up the load,as he was inexperienced in politics.

Mahn Aung Than Lay, who had a veryuncertain future orientation, unknowinglyhad a long and hard walk to the northeastfrom the delta. He finally made up his mindto take up the bumpy path with fellowKarennis after his work with military policeended soon after Burma’s independence.He was skillful in using rifles during hisheyday; he was famous in shooting amonghis comrades and was known as “one-shot-hit Aung Than Lay”.

Kha Poe, who was seemingly from thesame area of his original birthplace in thedelta, like Mahn Aung Than Lay, made hisway to the Karennis a bit later than MahnAung Than Lay. His service with allianceforces had left him well versed in the fieldof artillery. With his uncanny skills he was

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APRIL, 2011

able to train several Karenni armed mento be well capable of fighting against theBurmese troops in the battlefield.

They were named as three loyal comradeswhen several senior leaders in themovement were either killed by orsurrendered to the Burmese troops. At thistime, many followers were at loose endswith the movement as it went into anosedive. No one dared any longer tothrow their hat into the ring to take up theleadership and free the movement fromits predicament.

By recognizing that the movement was onthe rocks, the three comrades upheld theirpledge to the Karenni people and weredetermined for the movement to go aheadcome hell or high water rather than call itquits. They made bricks without straw andpaddled their own canoes, as they couldn’tcount on anyone in their surroundings.

Even at their wit’s end with scantresources -when they saw the movementwouldn’t be over anytime soon, and wouldcontinue to drag on down a long anddifficult path ahead- they continued to puttheir hands to the plow to break newground. It was about early 1960s, and theystruggled on a long walk to the northeastin search of new territory. When theyreached the eastern part of the SalweenRiver, they were met with hostility and newchallenges. As they were strangers to theinhabitants, who failed to come to termswith them, no local broke their fall.Instead, the locals were making contactwith a nearest Burmese post to smashthem.

Realizing their effort had fallen flat and afoul game was on the horizon, in the nick

of time they decided to escape. With helpof locals, the Burmese troops hadcornered them into a tight spot by postingtheir men along the west bank of SalweenRiver in an attempt to gun down them.

After having sworn an oath to keep theirloyalty to one another through thick andthin- but without putting all of their eggsin one basket % Saw Maw Reh made anarrow escape by floating down himselfthrough Salween River while Mahn AungThan Lay was left behind along with ahandful fellows to find their way out fromthe encirclement of Burmese troops. Sinceno exodus was in sight and theiradventure seemed to be coming to a badend, Mahn Aung Than Lay and his loyalistsfinally surrendered unconditionally to theBurmese troops.

Due to their surrender, the entiremovement fell through, nearly putting thenational struggle on permanent hold. Afew years later, Mahn Aung Lay luckilyreunited with Saw Maw Reh and Kha Poeafter he escaped from the detention cell.

One year after the Burmese military coupin 1963, on the spur of the moment,General Ne Win, the coup leader,announced through the state media anoffer of peace talks to all jungle-basedarmed groups. Upon agreement betweenthree non-Burman ethnic armed groups tomeet the coup-makers to discuss a peaceaccord, Saw Maw Reh together with theKaren National Union (KNU) and New MonState Party (NMSP) went to Rangoon forthe meeting after consulting the otherleaders of KNPP and people’srepresentatives. However, the talks werea failure when the regime accused the

38



Military conscription of newBurmese government beginin Karenni

Mar 31, 2011 - A recently dissolvedmilitary conscription law from theBurmese military regime came into effectin the Karenni state starting on March 29this year. This happened just a day beforethe military handed down its ruling statepower to the said new government.

Troops of Burmese military LIB no. 428visited villages around Khothamaw,located in Prusoe Township, and collectedlists of young men over the age of 18 andforced them to undersign alongside withtheir names, according to a young manwho himself forced to do so by the troops.

“This is the first step of implementationof the former regime-backed new Burmesegovernment’s military compulsory lawimposed last year,” added the source.

Further, on March 30 the same Burmesemilitary battalion’s troops proceeded toLawkukhu and Daw Byaku and collectednames of young men over the age of 18and asked them to sign on the presentedpaper form.

Lands for new military training groundhave also been confiscated from the localsof Lawjar, Daw Lawkhu and Markrawshevillages of Prusoe early this year withoutprior notice to the owners and nocompensation was made for the seizedlands by the Burmese military battalionno. 428.

These moves have happened suddenlyamidst many young men who are in greatfear and were wondering how to make uptheir mind since the military compulsorylaw was announced last year.

The same source added that no localyoung man is willing to join the Burmaarmy which have been badly treated themin many forms for many years since theirpresence in the area.

News from Inside during the months

Communist Party of Burma (CPB) and theKNU of using the discussion to gainground by organizing people andcollecting tax in both towns and villages.

Under the leadership of the threecomrades and as they hung tough, themovement gradually regained its strength;it was nearly out of the frying pan and intothe fire, so to speak. Steadily, from monthto month many young men from both urbanand rural areas joined their hands withhearts and souls allowing the movementgain momentum once again.

The loyal comrades worked unselfishly,giving their whole hearts and souls beyondtheir means to the cause until they mettheir end. Few people are well aware ofand take into account the role they playedin the past, since they left few recordsbehind before their last breaths.

However, the road they took still leavesus a long way to go and we all must beartheir cross and take up the challenge tothe bitter end since a better future stillremains on the horizon.

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APRIL, 2011

Burmese threatens locals tosubstitute military rationsseized by KA

April 8, 2011: A platoon of Karenni forcesseized Burmese military rations from DawMumar villagers while they weretransporting military rations headed forLoiphisoe Burmese army camp on themorning of April 4.

“The Daw Mumar Burma army camp’scommander forced villagers to transportthe military rations to Loiphisoe army campwhich is located near the Shan and Karenniborder without providing security guard. Ithink Karenni troops have learned aboutit and they stopped villagers while theywere on the way to Loiphisoe camp andtook all rations,” a field source from thearea explained.

The next day, village’s chiefs of villageslocated nearby Shadaw town were calledby the Shadaw-based of Burmese army no.LIB 332’s commander to show up at hismilitary base. All gathered village’s chiefsat the Shadaw army base were detainedby the Burmese troops and their villagerswere told to purchase and substitute theseized military rations without fail.

“If they failed to substitute the rations,the detained village’s chiefs will notrelease,” added the source.

The seized military rations were coffeemix, cigarette, torch lights, cheroots,matches, dry cells, ajinomoto, and ricewhich was valued over 99,600 kyat atcurrent local market prices.

A militia fails in anattempted escape

April 13, 2011: Four militias from a formercease-fire armed group known as theKarenni National Solidarity Organizationfrom Kemaphyu camp of PasaungTownship managed initially to escape tothe Karenni army control area on April 12,but their attempt later failed, reported aninside source from the area.

“Kyaw Oo killed his officer Poe Kwah, whois commanding the camp, then convincedEh Leh Htoo and Mauang Lwin to maketheir way out of the camp. Unfortunately,Kyaw Oo was gunned down by Eh Leh Htoowhile he was contacting the Karenniforces operating nearby with an Icom,” saidthe source.

Eh Leh Htoo then made his way back toKemaphyu camp the same day. MaungLwin was initially reluctant to go along withhim in the beginning. However, MaungLwin then returned to Kemaphyu the nextday, the source further explained.

A few men from the Karenni army formedthe KNSO in 2001 after they surrenderedto the Burmese regime. Most of theiryoung armed men turned themselves intolocal militias in 2009 when the Burmeseregime forced all cease-fire armed groupsto join their Border Guard Force plan whenthey saw no alternative.

Your articles arewelcomed

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7 March

At 7:50 AM on 7 March, a column from Loi Phe base LIB-332 led by Captain SoeYar Zar launched area clearance operation at the Shan-Karenni border and the column wasambushed by a unit from Karenni Army Battalion (3). The clash took place between 7:50 to8:30 AM. Karenni casualties: Nil. SPDC casualties: 2 dead and 3 injured.

9 March

At 2:00 PM on 9 March, a unit from Karenni Army Battalion-(3) launched an attackat a column of SPDC’s LIB-332 that were on active patrol near Loi Phe mountain at theShan-Karenni border. Karenni casualties: Nil. SPDC casualties: Unknown.

9 March

At 4:00 PM on 9 March, Karenni troops ambushed ating unit of SPDC soldiersfrom IB-72, which were positioned at the Inndaw post at the front-line area, near the Thai-Karenni border. The SPDC soldiers were collecting water. Karenni casualties: One corporaldead.

14 March

At 4:30 PM on 14 March, a unit of soldiers from SPDC’s LIB-(135) based at theHtinyu Taung post were collecting water and stepped on a land-mine laid by the Karenniarmy. SPDC casualties: One corporal lost his right leg.

16 March

At 6:00 PM on 16 March, there was a clash between SPDC troops LIB-135 thathad entered into Yoesupyar village, and the District Guerillas Force (3) led by the Districtsecretary of Karenni. The incident to enemies was unknown, the district secretary has smallinjured in arm from Karenni side.

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APRIL, 2011

18 March

At 10:00 AM on 18 March, a troop from Karenni Army Battalion-(1) attackedSPDC’s IB-(134) who were posted 6 miles from Mawchi. SPDC casualties: One corporalbadly injured.

7 April

At 10:00 AM on 7 April, a clash took placed between Karenni army battalion-(2)and a column from LIB-576 near Dawtama Gyi village, in the central part of Karenni state.Karenni casualties: Nil. SPDC casualties: Unknown.

7 April

At 1:00 PM on 7 April, a unit from District-(2) Guerilla Force of the Karenni Armyattacked SPDC troops LIB-134 at Sehthone Kone (13 Hills) of Mawchi. Karenni casualties:Nil. SPDC casualties: Unknown.

16 April

On 16th April, 2011 at 2:20 PM, six soldier led by corporal Moe Kyaw Thu from LIB-135led by Second Battalion commander Win Phyoe that based at Nanpeh, Bawlakeh Townshipwent out for fishing and seeking diet. Upon their return, a unit of Karenni army launchedambushed attacked to the group. Karenni casualties: Nil. SPDC casualties: 4 dead includedCorporal Moe Kyaw Thu.

24 April

On 24th April, 2011 at 12:00 PM, a clashed took place between a column of Karenni armyand a column of SPDC troop from LIB-134 led by Captain Min Tun; between Htoedolaykhoand Pyardo of Phasaung Township. Karenni casualties: Nil. SPDC casualties: One soldierbaddy injured.

29 April

On 29th April, 2011 at 10:30 AM, a unit from Karenni Army launched attacked to SPDCtroop led by commander Than Win Ko based at Htinyu Taung. Karenni casualties: Nil. SPDCcasualties: One soldier dead.

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On a moonlit night, a hungry fox was goingfrom lane to lane and looking for his food.While he saw a happy fat dog jogging aloneon the street, he thought that dog had neverever starved as he has. Therefore, he went tothat dog and asked “Hi friend, why are youso happy? You seem to have got enough foodto eat. One thing I am quite sure is that I haveexplored more places than you have. I knowabout logia and understood it well. But whycouldn’t I find enough food? Do you knowthat? “The dog said, “Friend Fox, you can belike me, just do as I did, and you will becomefat and have a happy life.” The Fox then askedhim again “so what should I do?” The dogsaid “What you have to do is: At night, guardthe house carefully, in order to prevent thievesfrom coming and taking your boss’s property.”“Hmm…. It’s not so bad. I think I can do it. Iwill have a warm place to stay and will getfood regularly, I need not worry and the rainand hunting for food.” “ That’s right, friend.”The dog reaffirmed it and took the fox withhim. While they were walking along, the foxsaw the chain on the dog’s neck. He was socurious to know what it was. He could nothold back and ask his friend, the dog. At Firstthe dog didn’t want to tell him, when he sawthat his friend was so eager to know, at lasthe decided to tell him the truth. “Well, if youreally want to know, I will tell you the truth. Itwas put on by my boss so as to chain me tothe gate to keep me from biting the guestsduring the day. I am released in the night time.It is only then that I can run and jump freelyand happy. In the day time, I closed my eyesand ears and tried to sleep in order to easemy heartache and try to forget the world and

my life of being locked to the gate.” After thefox heard the dog story, he stopped followinghis friend. When the dog didn’t see his friendcoming with him, he looked back to find outwhat happened. Then he saw his friend’s facefull of emotion. He asked, “Dear, what’s up?”The fox replied, “I am sad. You said you havegot a perfect life; it might be true for you. Youcan enjoy your life happily. But for me, I can’tbe satisfied with this. I love to be free. If Ilose my freedom, my life would seem deadeven if I were a king, I wouldn’t be happy.”Then he turned back to the forest where hecame from. The dog went back to his homealone and thought that the fox was verystrange.

How do all our friends feel after reading thisshort story? I don’t know how whether youwill see this story as the situation of peoplefrom inside Burma? The different lives of thefox and housedog. Their viewpoint, theirstandpoint, and the way they made decisionsabout their lives, between a life where onenever ever enjoys the taste of freedom andrights and one where on does. I would ratherget some views from a discussion of this shortstory than have a story put in journal.

BY TAYA ZIN AUNGBY TAYA ZIN AUNGBY TAYA ZIN AUNGBY TAYA ZIN AUNGBY TAYA ZIN AUNG

The different lives of the jungleThe different lives of the jungleThe different lives of the jungleThe different lives of the jungleThe different lives of the jungleand citand citand citand citand cityyyyy

Ngwe Daung JournalYour Manuscripts, can be sent to the

following email address Khu Oo Reh: [email protected] Aung Sun Myint: ttzaung@gmail Shwe Myo Thant: [email protected]

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APRIL, 2011

Prior to 20 years ago, the Kachin people madea livelihood by digging for jade and gold usingtraditional means at site deposits discoveredby the British colonizers at Nam Byu, ShwiGu, Indaw Gyi and Uru River.

During those years, there were no neitherprofessional nor corporate mining operations,but only small enterprises such as at IndawGyi Lake. It was only the local people whodepended on mining to provide for their families;gold mining was not popular as a businessventure.

During that time, the Kachin IndependenceOrganization (KIO) and the State Peace andDevelopment Council (SPDC) had no interestin gold mining, focusing instead on the jademines. In 1984 the KIO established a TaxationCommittee to collect taxes from local jademining. At the time, the SPDC was aware thatthe KIO was earning and benefiting from theHpa Kan jade mining area, and unsuccessfullydeveloped a strategy to take control of the jademining area from the KIO.

In 1986 KIO leaders made economicconcessions with the central Chinesegovernment for jade and gold mining. The KIOallowed Chinese business people to come toKachin state and invest in jade and gold miningoperations, and built roads from Nahpaw to PaJau to the Chinese border. Chinese investorswere allowed to come freely under the KIO’scontrol. The trade and investment wasencouraged by the central governor of Yunnanprovince. In 1994, after the cease-fire betweenthe SPDC and the KIO, opportunities forChinese investment, and mining concessionsincreased, as the wealthy Chinese businesspeople were able to make the appropriatepayments to reach agreements with SPDC.

Since then, jade and gold mining has increasedconsiderably, and has brought great economicand political benefit to both the Chinese andthe SPDC. Widespread corruption means thatthe SPDC receives significant payment inexchange for mining concessions. The militarygovernment also began cooperating with theNorthern Star corporation, to increaseinvestment relations. Northern Star has first sayover mining concessions, and if any othercompany wishes to invest or seek aconcession, they must first make a request toNorthern Star, and then the militarygovernment. In Kachin state, the cost of a goldmining permit for a one kilometer tract is 500million Kyat for three years. In the past, theprice started at just 5 million Kyat. In certainplaces, however, the cost of corruption andbribes has driven the price up to 1000 millionKyat. A standard permit allows a company toset up two ships for mining in the river, and onefor prospecting. But with the payment of bribes,many business people are able to set up 10-20ships for mining in the river and 40-50 forprospecting.

The mining ships, which cost 30,000 Yuan inChina, cost 150,200 Kyat in Kachinstate. Chinese owners are able to smuggle themachines into Kachin state, where they canset up individual or co-operative miningoperations; because of this, there are far moreopportunities for Chinese business people toprofit from mining than there are for localpeople. 80 percent of the gold mining propertyin Kachin state is held in mainland Chinese,Hong Kong and Taiwanese ownership. Themining is focused along the Mali Hka, NamHka, Danai, Nambyu and U Ru rivers as wellas Nam Yung Indaw Gyi, Shwe Gu, Man Mawand Putau. The mines produce an average 2,000

“Let not wait too long to solve it otherwise it“Let not wait too long to solve it otherwise it“Let not wait too long to solve it otherwise it“Let not wait too long to solve it otherwise it“Let not wait too long to solve it otherwise itwill be too late”will be too late”will be too late”will be too late”will be too late”

44



to 2,800 kilograms of gold, significant incomewhich does not filter down to Kachin statecommunities. Most of the money in banks inKachin state comes from gold mining. In 2002at the Lahpa gold mines alone, 1,000 kilogramsof gold was produced. $60 million in revenue isgenerated from the gold mines in a year, andblack market jade generates $600 million ayear. The majority of jade markets are controlledby Yunnan province, Shanghai, Gwangdung,Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore. The SPDChas made big plans for opening up the economy,and they have used the business of gold miningand logging to geoperdize the exitence of theKachin people. All of the gold mining areas arecontrolled directly or indirectly by the militarygovernment; the KIO and some Kachin cease-fire groups have become too weak to maintaintheir control of the mining areas. The SPDCsecured a great accomplishment in signing acease-fire agreement with the KIO. After thecease-fire agreement, the Kachin cease-firegroups began to break down, losing control ofthe social, economic and political situation tothe SPDC. The SPDC’s border developmentproject further eroded the power of the Kachingroups; the Kachin owned BUGA companycame under SPDC control and the KIO lost itsability to make decisions freely. The localKachin business people have not had a chanceto invest in gold and jade mining, because theChinese investors and corruption among theSPDC has weakened local businesses andmade it difficult for them to invest. Corruptionamong the Chinese business people hascaused a lot of social problems in the localKachin communities. Many local people havelost their livelihoods which depended onmining. Through mining, the SPDC, Chinesebusiness people and Kachin business peoplewho cooperate with the Chinese companies,have caused environmental damage such aslocal weather change and deforestation. Thelocal people are struggling just to survive. The

Chinese companies investing in gold mining arealso engaging in logging in Kachin state. TheChinese mining companies have also soughtlogging concessions from the militarygovernment to increase their own profits. TheChinese business people also haverelationships with loggers in Kachin state whohave furniture factories in Gwangdung andShanghai. The wood is logged and treated inKachin state, and then exported to the factoriesin China. The Chinese investors receive anaverage of $1 billion in annual income fromexporting lumber to the factories in Gwangdungand Shanghai. The combined income of theKachin cease-fire groups, the KachinIndependence Organization and the NewDemocratic Army (Kachin), is not more than $100 million annually. The China Central Bankindirectly supports the Chinese business peoplein Kachin state with the Burmese governmentalso encouraging the Chinese to investthere. The Burmese junta benefits greatly fromChinese investment while in Kachin state bearthe burnt of detrimental out come such aspollution from the gold mining. The junta hasused the cease-fire negotiations to gain controlin Kachin state and to manipulate the agendaof the cease-fire groups. The KIO leadersunderstand the strategy of the militarygovernment, but they have made their own well-being and profit a priority. The junta’s policy isto divide and conquer. They have bred dissentand disunity among the Kachin armed groupsby allowing them to do business with Chineseinvestors. These small and controlled privilegesto do business has created conflict betweenthe cease-fire groups’ leaders who are nowfocused on maximizing their own profit, ratherthan cooperating in the political movement fordemocracy in Burma.

By (Yaw Na)

ngwedaung journal vol.2 issue.2

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