Nguyễn Thị Lệ Hằng

• Chuyên đề câu bị động

I. Nhận biết thế nào là câu chủ động, câu bị động :

1. Câu chủ động :* Quan sát ví dụ: Ex:The students clean the classroom every day. She is writing a letter now. He has just repaired his bicycle. They will build a new school here. …

Câu chủ động là câu mà chủ ngữ trực tiếp gây ra hành động.

2. Câu bị động:

* Quan sát 4 ví dụ trên ở bị động: • Ex: The classroom is cleaned by the students

every day.• A letter is now being written by her.• His bicycle has been just repaired (by him).• A new school will be built here.• . . .

Câu bị động là câu mà chủ ngữ trong câu không trực tiếp gây ra hành động. Hành động được (bị) gây ra bởi tânngữ (O) trước có từ “by”.

II. Các bước chuyển từ câu chủ động sang bị động 1. Quy tắc chung chuyển từ câu chủ động sang bị động:

- Tân ngữ chủ động -> chủ ngữ bị động.

- Động từ bị động: Be + Vp.p (ed/V3).

-Caùc taân ngöõ “me, you, him, her, them, us, people, someone, …” ta neân boû khoûi caâu bò ñoäng neáu khoâng muoán neâu roû taùc nhaân.

- Taân ngöõ trong caâu bò ñoäng ta phaûi ñaët sau trang töø chæ nôi choán vaø tröôùc trang töø chæ thôøi gian.- Sau caùc ñoäng töø khieám khuyeát thì ñoäng töø “To Be” luoân luoân nguyeân maãu.

-Chủ ngữ chủ động -> tân ngữ bị động (trước có giới từ by).

2. Cách chuyển cụ thể về các thì và động từ khuyết

thiếu từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động. a.Passive in the Present simple tense:

Active : S + V(s,es) + O

Passive S + am/is/are + Vp.p(ed/V3) + by + O

Ex: Our mother cooks meals for us.

Meals are cooked for us by our mother.

Active: S + V(ed)/V2 + OPassive: S + was/were + Vp.p(ed/V3) + by + OEx: We cleaned the class yesterday.

The class was cleaned yesterday.

b. Passive in the Past simple tense:

c. Passive in the Present progressive tenseActive: S + am/is/are + V-ing + O

Passive: S + am/is/are + being + Vp.p(ed/V3) + by + OEx: She is making a big cake.

A big cake is being made by her.

d. Passive in the Present perfect tense:

Active : S + have/has + Vp.p(ed/V3) + O

Passive : S + have/has + been + Vp.p(ed/V3) + by + O

Ex: We have spoken English since this morning. English has been spoken by us since this morning.

Passive: S + will/can/must/…+be +Vp.p(ed/V3) + by + O

Ex: Nam must do this work.

This work must be done by Nam.

e. Passive in the Future simple tense and modals:

Active: S + will/can/must/…+ V + O

Ex 1:Choose the best answer to complete sentences1. My wedding ring ………… of yellow and white gold.a. is made b. is making c. made d. maked2. That book ………last week by her father.a. bought b. were bought c. was bought d.bought3. Mr. Wilson is …………… as Wilie to his friend.a. knowed b. knew c. known d. is known4. References …………. in the examination room.a.not are used b. is not used c. didn’t used d. are not used5. Laura ... …..in Boston a.are born b.were born c.was born d.born

6. This house………………….. next year by my parents.a. sold b. will be sold c. to sold d. to sell7.There’s somebody hehind us . I think we are …….a. being followed b. are followed c. follow d.following8. Have you …………….. by a dog?a. bite b. ever been bit c. ever been bitten d. bit

9.The room is being ………….. at the moment.a. was cleaned b. cleaned c. cleaning d. clean10. The road to our village …………. widened next year.a. is b. will c. can d. will be

11. The package……..delivered yesterday morning.a. was b. is c.were d. are 12. David ………born in London.a.is b. were c.was d.are13. The CD player …a lot because we like listening to music.a. uses b. is used c. was used d.used14. The famous picture …….. carefully by the security guards.a. keeps b.has been kept c. is keep d. kept15. Students……….to smoke. a. don’t allow b.are allowed c. doesn’t allow d.aren’t allowed

Ex II: Choose second sentence that is best suitable

to the first 1.Somebody cleans that room everyday.a. The room every day is cleaned.b. The room is everyday cleaned.c. The room is cleaned every day.d. The room is cleaned by somebody everyday.

2. They cancelled all flights because of fog.a. All flights because of fog were cancelled.b. All flights were cancelled because of fog.c. All flights were cancelled by them because of fog.d. All flights were because of fog cancelled.

3.They are building a new highway around the city.a. A new highway is being built around the city.b. A new highway is being built around the city by them.c. A new highway around the city is being built.d. Around the city a new highway is being built.4.They have built a new hospital near the airport.a. A new hospital has been built near the airport by them.b. A new hospital near the airport has been built.c. A new hospital has been built near the airport .d. Near the airport a new hospital has been built by them.5. They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview.a. You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview.b. You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview by

them.c. A lot of questions will be asked you at the interview.d. A lot of questions will be asked at the interview.

6. People don’t use this road very often.a. This road is not used very often.b. Not very often this road is not used.c. This road very often is not used.d. This road not very often is used.

7. Somebody accused me of stealing money.a. I was accused by somebody of stealing money.b. I was accused of stealing money.c. I was accused of stealing money by somebody.d. I was accused stealing money.8. Somebody is using the computer at the moment.a. The computer is being used at the moment.b. The computer at the moment is being used.c.The computer is be used by somebody at the moment.d. The computer is used at the moment.

9. The bill includes service.a. Service is included by the bill.b. Service included in the bill.c. Service is included in the bill.d. Service is in the bill.

10. They have changed the date of the meeting.

a. The date of the meeting has been changed.

b. The date of the meeting has been changed by them.

c. The meeting has been changed the date.

d. The date of the meeting has changed.

Ex III: Find and correct mistake

1. Old car tires thrown every year 2. Tires can be to make pipes and floor covering3.The fruits bought by my mother yesterday4.The report must be right 5. This washing machine been used for ten years6. That road is built now7. Rice is in tropical countries8. What produced in this factory?-Chocolate, biscuits

and cakes.9. Milk bottles cleaned and refilled 10. Is glass up, melted and made into glassware?

isarerecyclerecyled

finishfinished arewere

havehasbebeing

growgrowndoesare

are

break broken

is

Ex IV: Change into passive voice:1.My father waters this flower every morning.->2. John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.-> 3. Our teachers have explained the English grammar ->4. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.->5. We should clean our teeth twice a day.->6. Did Mary buy this beautiful dress?->7. I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.->8.We can’t finish our work on time.->9.Her husband never takes her to the cinema.->10. The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning. ->

This flower is watered by my father every morning

Fiona was invited to John’s birthday party last night.

The dinner is being prepared (by her mother) in the kitchen.

Our teeth should be cleaned twice a day.

The English grammar has been explained (by our teacher).

Was this beautiful dress bought by Mary?

These old pictures won’t be hung in the living room (by me).

Our work can’t be finished on time (by us)

She is never taken to the cinema by her husband

The secretary wasn’t phoned (by the manager) this morning.

Ex V- Give the correct form of the verbs: passive or active: 1.Yesterday our teacher ……………(arrive) 5 minutes late.2.Newspapers………………………(read) by over 200.000

people everyday. 3.When I…………. (arrive) at the airport yesterday, I………

(meet) by my family4.A new school ………………….(build) in our village last month5.Peter … ……… (do) this work last week. 6.That homework ………..……………….(do) by Tom now.7.The Eiffel Tower……………… (visit) by millions of people

every year 8.They …………….(write) this essay yesterday. 9.This computer ……………………(buy) by my father yesterday 10.I …………….…(clean) my house everyday

arrived

arrived was met

will be built did

are read

is being doneis visited

wrotewas bought

clean

III. Homework:-Do exercises again

-Learn structures by heart