nghiÊn cuu ung dung plc vÀ phan mem wincc Đe Đieu khien vÀ giÁm sÁt van hÀnh tram bien Áp...
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B GIO DC V O TOI HC NNG
PHM VN TNG
NGHIN CU NG DNG PLC V PHN MM
WINCC IU KHIN V GIM ST
VN HNH TRM BIN P 110KV
Chuyn ngnh: Mng v H thng in
M s: 60.52.50
TM TT LUN VN THC S K THUT
Nng Nm 2011
2
Cng trnh c hon thnh tiI HC NNG
Ngi hng dn khoa hc: TS. ON ANH TUN
Phn bin 1: PGS TS. INH THNH VIT
Phn bin 2: GS TSKH. TRN NH LONG
Lun vn sc bo v trc Hi ng chmLun vn tt nghip thc sk thut hp ti i
hc Nng vo ngy 11 thng 6 nm 2011.
C th tm hiu lun vn ti:
- Trung tm Thng tin-Hc liu, i hc Nng
- Trung tm Hc liu, i hc Nng
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Chng 4: Kt qu vn hnh m hnh iu khin v gim st
vn hnh TBA 110kV dng WinCC 6.0 v PLC S7-300
CHNG 1TNG QUAN V CC VN IU KHINTRM BIN P 110kV TRONG H THNG
IN VIT NAM
1.1. CNG TC IU H THNG IN
1.1.1. Phn cp iu khin v vn hnh
Qun l iu khin v vn hnh h thng in Vit Nam cchia thnh 3 cp:
- iu h thng in Quc gia (A0),
- iu h thng in min (A1, A2, A3),
- iu li in phn phi.
Mi mt cp iu c ngi ng u v chu s ch huy ca
cp trn qun l trc tip. [1]1.1.2. B phn gin tip n cng tc vn hnh
1.1.3. Cc hnh thc truyn tin dng trong cc TBA 110kV phc
viu khin v gim st vn hnh
Ch yu l s dng in thoi, my tnh cha c s dng
gim st v thu thp d liu.
1.2. THAO TC IU KHIN V GIM ST VNHNH CC THIT BIN TRONG TBA 110kV
1.2.1. Thao tc my ct, (MC)
1.2.2. Thao tc dao cch ly, (DCL)
1.2.3. Vn hnh my bin p, (MBA)
1.2.4. Thao tc ng dy ti in
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1.2.5. Thu thp dliu thng s vn hnh cc thit b trong TBA
110kV
1.3. HIN TRNG H THNG IU KHIN V GIMST VN HNH TI CC TBA 110kV
1.3.1. Hin trng v thit bng, ct ti cc TBA 110kV
Cc my ct, do cch ly s dng cng nghin i c th
iu khin bng my tnh. Tuy nhin h thng iu khin vn cn s
dng cng nghiu khin truyn thng, lc hu, tin cy khng
cao.
Mt s h thng tng ho lp t ti Vit Nam, nhng v
l do bn quyn nn vic lm ch cng ngh cn nhiu kh khn.
1.3.2. Hin trng viu khin v gim st vn hnh ti cc TBA
110kV
1.3.2.1. Tng quan
a) H thng iu khin:
a s vn s dng cc kho iu khin trn t, xem hnh 1.3
Hnh 1.3. H thng iu khin ti cc TBA 110kV
b) H thng bo v rle:
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Chc nng bo vc thc hin bi cc rle bo v thuc th
h c hoc th h mi, cc rle th h mi c th kt ni mng v
iu khin, xem hnh 1.4.
Hnh 1.4. T rle bo v trong cc TBA 110kV
c) H thng o lng v gim st:
Chc nng hin th v o lng c thc hin bi cc ng
ho v cng tni n cc my bin dng in (TI) v my bin
in p o lng (TU). Chc nng gim st vn hnh thc hin bng
cc n bo v ng h ch th.
Hnh 1.5. To lng v gim st trong cc TBA 110kV
1.3.2.2. Hin trng iu khin v gim st vn hnh TBA 110kV
(E20)
a) Gii thiu
b) Hin trng cc thit biu khin v gim st trong trm
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c) H thng thng tin trong trm
1.4. CNG NGH TNG HO TBA V ANGC U TTI MT S TBA 110kV TRONG HTVIT NAM1.4.1. Tng quan
Vic p dng h thng iu khin bng my tnh trong trm
gim s lng thit biu khin v bo v, s lng dy ni, gim
chi ph lp t, th nghim,v.v.v c bit gim s c do thao tcnhm, tin ti gim s lng ngi trc v mc tiu l xy dng cc
trm bin p khng ngi trc.
H thng iu khin khin v gim st vn hnh bng my tnh
thng bao gm cc my tnh c ci c phn mm gim st HMI
(Human Machine Interface) thc hin chc nng giao tip gia nhn
vin vn hnh v h thng.
Hin nay, li in 110kV v ang c u t xy dng
mi cng nghiu khin v gim st vn hnh bng my tnh
1.4.2. Cng nghiu khin trm bin p bng my tnh p dng
ti mt s TBA khu vc min Trung
1.4.2.1. Hthng iu khin bng my tnh ca SEL
1.4.2.2. Hthng iu khin bng my tnh SICAM PAS
1.5. KT LUN
Trc yu cu gim thiu thi gian mt in, tng cng cht
lng in nng, m bo an ton cho ngi v thit b. nhng cng
nghiu khin theo truyn thng khng cn ph hp.
Do yu cu lp t mt h thng iu khin v gim st vn
hnh nhanh chng chnh xc s dng cng ngh hin i l cn thit.
Phng n ci to v nng cp TBA theo hng tng ho l mt
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phng n kh thi gim chi ph u t, ph hp iu kin kinh t
Vit Nam hin nay.
CHNG 2NGHIN CU PHN MM SCADA WINCC VTHIT BIU KHIN LP TRNH PLC
2.1. PHN MM SCADA WINCC
2.1.1. Tng quan v phn mm Scada WinCC
WinCC l phn mm dng thit k giao din iu khin v
gim st qu trnh.WinCC cung cp giao din m, h tr s dng trn nn
Windows 2000 v Windows XP, tng thch vi nhiu loi PLC ca
cc hng khc nhau. c bit truyn thng tt vi PLC ca hng
Siemens.[3]
2.1.2. c trng cbn ca WinCC
2.1.2.1. Chc nng ha (Graphics System)
2.1.2.2. Hthng thng bo (Alarm Logging)
2.1.2.3. Chc nng hin thcc gi trxl (Tag Logging)
2.1.2.4. Chc nng in dliu (Report Designer)
2.1.3. Cc thnh phn trong WinCC
2.1.3.1. Dn trong WinCC
2.1.3.2. Cc thnh phn cbn trong mt dn WinCC
2.2. THIT BIU KHIN LP TRNH PLC
2.2.1. Gii thiu chung
Thit b iu khin lp trnh PLC (Programmable Logic
Control), l loi thit b cho php thc hin linh hot cc thut ton
iu khin s thng qua mt ngn ng lp trnh, thay cho vic phi
thc hin thut ton bng mch s.
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Cc b x l trung tm (CPU - Central Processing Unit), x l
ton b chng trnh ng dng do ngi dng vit m khng cn lin
kt dy ni bng phn cng. [7]2.2.2. Phn loi biu khin lp trnh PLC
2.2.3. Xl chng trnh
2.2.3.1. Vng qut chng trnh
2.2.3.2. Cu trc chng trnh
2.2.4. Li ch v ng dng ca PLC trong cc lnh vc tng
ho
2.2.5. Biu khin lp trnh S7-300 ca hng Siemens
2.2.5.1. Gii thiu
Biu khin lp trnh S7-300 l thit b thuc dng sn phm
cao cp, c dng cho nhng ng dng ln, thi gian p ng
nhanh, ni mng tt v c kh nng pht trin h thng v sau.
Ngn ng lp trnh h trnhiu i tng s dng, lin kt vi
my tnh qua cp MPI dng module CPU, xem hnh 2.6.
Hnh 2.6. H thng kt ni PLC vi PC qua cp MPI
Kh nng lin kt v trao i d liu vi WinCC rt mnhthng qua mng truyn thng c sn m khng cn s can thip phn
cng no.[10]
2.2.5.2. Cc module ca PLC S7-300 [10]
tng tnh mm do trong cc ng dng, PLC S7-300 c
chia nh thnh cc module, xem hnh 2.7.
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Hnh 2.7. Cu hnh mt Rail (ray) ca trm PLC S7-300
a) Module CPUb) Module mrng
2.2.5.3. Kiu dliu v phn chia b nh
2.2.5.4. Ngn nglp trnh:
S7-300 c 3 ngn ng lp trnh chnh: ngn ng lp trnh STL,FBD v LAD. Trong lun vn tc gi s dng ngn ng LAD phc
v cho cng vic lp trnh ca mnh. [7]
2.3. MNG TRUYN THNG CNG NGHIP
2.3.1. Mng PPI
PPI (Point to Point Interface) thc hin truyn thng ni tip
im ti im.
2.3.1.1.c trng cbn ca mng PPI
2.3.1.2. Cc thng sk thut cbn ca mng PPI
2.3.2. Mng MPI (Multi Point Interface)
Mng MPI c s dng cho cp trng hay cp phn xng
vi yu cu v khong cch gia cc trm khng ln.
2.3.2.1.c trng cbn mng MPI2.3.2.2. Cc thng sk thut cbn ca mng MPI
2.3.3. Mng AS-I
2.3.3.1.c trng cbn ca mng AS-I
2.3.3.2. Cc thng sk thut cbn ca mng AS-I
2.3.4. Mng Profibus
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Profibus s dng truyn tin cp xon i v cp RS 485 chun
cng nghip trong cc ng dng sn xut hoc IEC 1158-2 trong iu
khin qu trnh.2.3.4.1. K thut mng Profibus
2.3.4.2. Cc kiu giao thc truyn thng trong mng Profibus
2.3.5. Mng Ethernet cng nghip
2.3.5.1. Gii thiu
IE (Industrial Ethernet) mng Ethernet cng nghip l mng
phc v cho cp qun l v cp phn xng thc hin truyn
thng gia my tnh v cc h thng tng ho, xem hnh 2.17.
Hnh 2.17. Cu trc mng Ethernet cng nghip
2.3.5.2. Cc thng scbn ca mng Ethernet cng nghip
2.4. KT LUN
Ngy nay vi s pht trin nhanh ca PLC, kh nng truynthng mnh ca PLC khc phc c nhc im ca cc thit b
in t b nhiu cao.
PLC h tr cc mng truyn thng nh MPI, Profibus v
Ethernet cng nghip em li kh nng truyn thng trn PLC
hiu qu cao hn vi tc truyn d liu ti a 100Mbits.
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WinCC l phn mm chuyn dng xy dng giao din
iu khin cng nh phc v vic x l v lu tr d liu. Ngoi ra
WinCC cn h trkt ni vi S7-300 x l thng tin iu khin.V vy c th dng WinCC v PLC lp trnh iu khin v
gim st vn hnh TBA trong h thng in Vit Nam.
CHNG 3XY DNG, LP T M HNH IU KHIN
V GIM ST VN HNH TBA 110kV DNGWINCC 6.0 V PLC S7-3003.1. MU3.2. XY DNG M HNH IU KHIN V GIM ST
VN HNH TBA 110kV (E20)
M hnh c xy dng bao gm cc thnh phn chnh nh
hnh 3.1.
Hnh 3.1. M hnh iu khin v gim st TBA 110kV (E20)
3.2.1. Khi my tnh
Dng thit kt giao din iu khin v lp trnh cho PLC
3.2.2. M hnh m phng
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Dng kim tra kt qu nghin cu, bao gm:
3.2.2.1. Khi thit blp trnh PLC
3.2.2.2. Khi tn hiu ng vo3.2.2.3. Khi tn hiu ng ra
3.2.3. Thit b kt ni PLC vi PC
3.3. LP T M HNH, THIT K CHNG TRNHIU KHIN V GIM ST VN HNH TBA 110kV(E20)3.3.1. Su dy gia thit b ngoi vi vi PLC
Hnh 3.3. S khi u h thng WinCC - PLC vi thit b ngoi vi
3.3.2. u ni cc module trong m hnh
3.3.2.1. Su dy module ng vo
Hnh 3.4. Su dy module ng vo trn m hnh
3.3.2.2. Su dy module ng ra
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Hnh 3.5. Su dy module ng ra trn m hnh
3.3.3. Xy dng s logic m bo an ton v trnh thao tc
nhm khi iu khin thit b trong TBA
Cn c vo cc iu kin rng buc trong vn hnh, tc gi xy
dng s logic, bao gm:
3.3.3.1. S logic iu khin MC 131
3.3.3.2. S logic iu khin MC 431
3.3.3.3. S logic iu khin MC 471
3.3.3.4. S logic iu khin DCL 131-1
3.3.3.5. S logic iu khin DCL 171-7
3.3.3.6. S logic iu khin DCL 112-1
3.3.3.7. S logic iu khin cc dao ni t (DN)
3.3.4. Xy dng thut ton iu khin v gim st vn hnh
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Hnh 3.13. S thut ton chng trnh iu khin v gim st vnhnh TBA
3.4. LP TRNH IU KHIN PLC DNG PHN MM
SIMATIC MANAGER (STEP7)
3.4.1. Xy dng cu hnh cng [7]
Hnh 3.14. Cu hnh cng CPU 313C v2.6
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3.4.2. To dn (Project) v lu tr
3.4.3. Khai bo tn bin trong PLC (tham kho ph lc 3)
3.3.4. Lp trnh cho PLC (tham kho ph lc 4) [3],[12]3.4.5. Np chng trnh, kim tra v hiu chnh chng trnh
3.5. THIT K GIAO DIN IU KHIN TRN NN WINCC
3.5.1. Khai bo cu hnh
3.5.1.1. To kt ni WinCC vi PLC
Hnh 3.17. Khai bo kt ni PLC vi WinCC dng mng MPI
3.5.1.2. To cc bin ngoi (External Tags)
Hnh 3.19. Khai bo Tag (bin) ng vo, ng ra trn WinCC
3.5.2. Thit k giao din iu khin trong Graphics Designer
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3.5.2.1. Mgiao din iu khin
3.5.2.2. To giao hin thchnh
Hnh 3.20. Thit k giao din hin th chnh trn nn WinCC
3.5.2.3. To giao din iu khin v gim st vn hnh
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Hnh 3.21. Thit k siu khin v gim st thit bng ct
trn nn WinCC
3.5.3. Lp trnh WinCC lin kt vi PLC hin th v thu thpdliu
3.5.3.1. Lp trnh hin thcc trng thi i tng iu khin
a) Khai bo cc bin iu khin ng vo:
Trong nhm Tag IN_PUT, khai bo tag thnh phn tham gia
vo qu trnh iu khin, nt ON_131 (M0.0) dng ng MC 131.
b) Khai bo cc bin iu khin ng ra:Trong nhm Tag OUT_PUT, khai bo tag thnh phn tham gia
vo qu trnh hin th. a ch Q1.0 tng ng vi tn hiu D_131
trn giao din iu khin.
c) Lp trnh iu khin tn hiu ng cti tng iu khin:
Chn i tng iu khin (ON_131), chn ngn ng lp trnh
C-Action lp trnh cho tn hiu ng MC 131, xem hnh 3.24
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Hnh 3.24. Lp trnh nt nhn ON_131 iu khin ng MC 131
3.5.2.2. Thu thp dliu v cnh bo cc i tng iu khin
a) Chc nng thu thp dliu vn hnh
Hnh 3.26. Khai bo Tag trong module Tag Logging
b) Chc nng hin th cnh bo:
Hnh 3.27 trnh by cch khai bo trong module Alarm
Logging.
Hnh 3.27. Khai cc Tag trong module Alarm Logging
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3.6. KT LUNVi thut ton logic mm do c lp trnh trn my tnh
khng nhng thit lp nhanh lin kt logic khng chng quy trnh
vn hnh v iu kin lm vic an ton cho thit b ca PLC
khng ch thit b trong trm bin p 110kV (E20) d dng m cn
c th m rng cho cc trm bin p khc trong h thng in Vit
Nam.
M hnh ny th hin mt phn chc nng iu khin v gim
st thit biu khin trong phm vi trm bin p. Vi s h trca
phn mm WinCC v kh nng lin kt mnh ca PLC. Nu c lp
t cc thit b bo v, thit bo lng theo chun cng nghip hon
ton c thiu khin v thu thp d liu TBA theo cng ngh t
ng ho ca cc hng ni ting trn th gii.
CHNG 4KT QU VN HNH M HNH IU KHINV GIM ST VN HNH TBA 110kV DNG
WINCC 6.0 V PLC S7-300
4.1. QUY TRNH VN HNH TBA 110kV (E20)
4.1.1. Trnh tthao tc nhn in 110kV tTBA 220kV (E21)4.1.1.1.Kim tra trc khi ng in
4.1.1.2. Trnh tthao tc nhn in txut tuyn 171 - E21
4.1.1.3. Trnh tthao tc cp in cho cc xut tuyn
4.1.1.4. Trnh tthao tc nhn in txut tuyn 172 - E21
4.1.2. Trnh tthao tc ct in TBA 110kV (E20)
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4.2. HNG DN VN HNH M HNH V KT QU
M PHNG
4.2.1. Np chng trnh iu khin tmy tnh sang PLC
m bo tnh bo mt ca chng trnh ngi vn hnh
phi c mt khu mi truy cp c chng trnh, xem hnh 4.2
Hnh 4.2. Nhp mt khu khi np chng trnh sang PLC
4.2.2. Khi ng giao din iu khin thit k trn nn WinCC
thc hin iu khin ngi vn hnh phi c mt khu micho php truy cp vo h thng, xem hnh 4.4.
Hnh 4.4. Yu cu mt khu khi truy cp vo giao din iu khin
4.2.3. iu khin v gim st cc thit b trong TBA 110kV (E20)
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4.2.3.1. Kim tra kt ni PLC vi WinCC
m bo lin kt iu khin trn m hnh v hin th trng
thi trn s cp MPI phi c khai bo trong WinCC theo ng
a ch, xem hnh 4.6.
Hnh 4.6. Kim tra a ch kt ni gia PLC vi WinCC
4.2.3.2. Thc hin qu trnh iu khin v hin thtrng thi trn
s
Khi thc hin iu khin ng MC 131 bng nt nhn ON_131
cc tn hiu iu khin trn m hnh nh sau:
Hnh 4.7. Tn hiu ngMC 131
Hnh 4.8. n bo MC131ang ng
Trn giao din HMI trng thi mu ch thit bang ng,
trng thi mu xanh ch thit bang ct
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Hnh 4.9. MC 131 ang ng cp ngun cho MBA
- Tn hiu chng trnh trong PLC ch bo Q1.0 ang c in
tc CPU xut tn hiu i ng MC 131.
4.2.4. Thu thp d liu v cnh bo cc thit bng, ct trong
TBA4.2.4.1. Hin thtrng thi s
Khi MC ng tt, trn giao din HMI hin th trng thi logic
ng MC 131, xem hnh 4.19.
Hnh 4.19. Trng thi MC ang ng
4.2.4.2. Hin thsln ng, ct cc thit btrong TBA
B m trong PLC v module Tag Logging thc hin c
chc nng m s ln ng, ct ca thit b trong TBA.
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Hnh 4.22. Thng bo s ln ng MC
4.2.4.3. Khng ch s ln ct MC do s ckhng vt qu tr s
quy nh ca Nh sn xut
Hnh 4.23. Chng trnh khng ch MC 131 ct s c khngc vt tr s quy nh ca Nh sn xut
4.2.4.4. Qu trnh hin thcnh bo trng thi vn hnh
-Thit lp cc mc cnh bo v la chn mu hin th, xemhnh 4.25
Hnh 4.25. Thit lp mu sc cnh bo
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- Hin th thng bo ln mn hnh: khi mt s c xy ra hay
thao tc nhm khng thnh cng u c module Alarm Logging
lu li v thng bo trn giao din iu khin, xem hnh 4.26
Hnh 4.26. Thng bo tnh trng lm vic ca h thng iu khin vgim st vn hnh TBA
4.3. KT LUN
Qua kt qu vn hnh trn m hnh cho thy thit biu khin
lp trnh PLC S7-300 v phn mm WinCC thc hin iu khin
v gim st cc thit b trong phm vi ton trm thng qua chng
trnh v giao din do tc gi thit kng vi trm bin p 110kV(E20). Chng trnh thc hin c:
iu khin thao tc; gim st vn hnh; thu thp d liu.
p ng yu cu iu khin v gim st thit bng, ct trong
TBA.
KT LUN V KIN NGH
Trong h thng song song tn ti hai phng thc iu khinTBA: phng thc truyn thng v phng thc iu khin theo
cng ngh tng ho.
Cng ngh truyn thng bc l nhiu khuyt im, cng
ngh tng ho gp nhiu kh khn v vn hnh v sa cha.
Qua kt qu nghin cu cho thy m hnh p ng mt
phn h thng iu khin bng my tnh mc trm. T my tnh c
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th iu khin, gim st v thu thp thng tin vn hnh cho php
nhn vin vn hnh xc nh nhanh tnh trng s c v c bin php
loi tr nhanh chng m bo an ton cho h thng.
u im ca PLC giao tip d dng vi cc thit biu khin
v bo v nhiu chng loi hin c trong trm thng qua cng giao
tip s, tng t thc hin chc nng iu khin; WinCC giao tip
tt vi PLC qua cc module truyn thng khc phc c nhc
im ca nhng thit bin t b nhiu cao.
M hnh c th s dng lm ti liu ging dy v hun luyn
cho sinh vin v i ng nhn vin vn hnh TBA.
Vi kt cu moddule ca PLC c th gn thm module truyn
thng Profibus hay Ethernet m rng phm vi iu khin c th
kt ni vi h thng Scada ang vn hnh trong h thng in Vit
Nam. M hnh m ra hng mi khng chiu khin v gim stcho cc TBA 110kV m cn m rng vi mc ch iu khin v
kim sot ph ti li in 22kV, 0,4kV ti cc in lc Tnh, Thnh
ph. y l hng pht trin ca ti.