next generation science with inelastic x-ray scattering
DESCRIPTION
Next Generation Science with Inelastic X-ray Scattering . Clement Burns Western Michigan University. Thanks to: Yuri Shyvd’ko, Ercan Alp, Ayman Said (APS) Peter Abbamonte (UIUC) Zahid Hasan (Princeton). Six Challenges for Physics. National Research Council Review of Physics (2001) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Next GenerationNext GenerationScience with Inelastic X-ray Science with Inelastic X-ray
Scattering Scattering
Clement Burns Clement Burns Western Michigan UniversityWestern Michigan University
Thanks to: Yuri Shyvd’ko, Ercan Alp, Ayman Said (APS)Peter Abbamonte (UIUC)Zahid Hasan (Princeton)
Six Challenges for PhysicsSix Challenges for Physics
National Research Council Review of Physics National Research Council Review of Physics (2001)(2001)
1.1. Developing quantum technologiesDeveloping quantum technologies2.2. Understanding complex systemsUnderstanding complex systems3.3. Applying physics to biologyApplying physics to biology4.4. Creating new materialsCreating new materials5.5. Exploring the universeExploring the universe
6.6. Unifying the forces of natureUnifying the forces of nature
Energy - Momentum RelationshipsEnergy - Momentum Relationships
10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 10210-9
10-7
10-5
10-3
10-1
101
103
Comparison of Different Scattering Techniques
Wavevector q (A-1)
Ener
gy (e
V)
Inelastic X-ray scattering
InelasticNeutrons
-raysMossbauer
Electronscattering
Light - Brillouin & Raman
Focus with X-ray Mirrors Small Focus with X-ray Mirrors Small BeamBeam
High flux for experimentsHigh flux for experiments– IXS flux hungry techniqueIXS flux hungry technique
>10>101616 P=photon/sec-0.1% bandwidth P=photon/sec-0.1% bandwidth
Small beam size (<4 x 40 Small beam size (<4 x 40 mm22))– High pressure workHigh pressure work– NanomaterialsNanomaterials– New materialsNew materials
E.g., MgBE.g., MgB22
– Devices Devices – SurfacesSurfaces– EnvironmentalEnvironmental
But… start 2014But… start 2014
NSLS II
http://www.physics.umd.edu/mfuhrer/images/longNT.jpghttp://www.esrf.eu/UsersAndScience/Publications/Highlights/2002/Imaging/IMA8/fig103
Science with 0.1 Science with 0.1 meV Resolution meV Resolution
Need for Higher ResolutionNeed for Higher Resolution
DNA Liu, J. Chem. Phys. 123, 214909 2005
DNA Krisch PRE 73, 061909 2006
Pilla et al, PRL 85, 2136 (2000)
22222220
00 )(4])()([
)()(4)(]1)([)(
)()(),(
QQQ
QQQInQQQIQF
DHO
Memory Fun.
Science at 0.1 meV Science at 0.1 meV 1 meV resolution 1 meV resolution does not meandoes not mean one can one can study excitations with an energy of 1 meVstudy excitations with an energy of 1 meV– Large background from elastic Large background from elastic
High resolution High resolution andand good elastic rejection good elastic rejection
From Yuri Shvyd’ko
Possible SciencePossible Science
Low energy excitations in polymersLow energy excitations in polymers– Related to wetting, adhesion..Related to wetting, adhesion..
Lipid membranesLipid membranesMapping superconducting band gap with Mapping superconducting band gap with phononsphononsDynamics of glassesDynamics of glasses
Inoue, PRL 95, 056102 (2005)Reinstäder, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 108107 (2004)
0.1 meV Science0.1 meV Science
10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 10210-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
Elet
tra
IUV
S (2
004)
BRISP
ESR
F-BL
21 (
1995
)
INS
IXS
Tand
em F
P (1
990)
DM
DP2
000
(198
5)
HIR
ESU
V (2
000)
V S= 500 m/s
V S= 7000 m/s
BLS
E
(meV
)
Q ( nm-1)
From Ruocco
Science with Science with 1 meV Resolution 1 meV Resolution
Some Ideas at 1 meVSome Ideas at 1 meVExtreme environments – low temperature, high Extreme environments – low temperature, high field, ultrahigh pressurefield, ultrahigh pressureSmall samplesSmall samples– Down to nanoparticle sizeDown to nanoparticle size– (High pressure)(High pressure)Surface phonons Surface phonons – Grazing incidence requires small beamGrazing incidence requires small beam
10’ yields ~1.5 mm on sample10’ yields ~1.5 mm on sample– Most current techniques require high vacuumMost current techniques require high vacuumExotic excitationsExotic excitations– OrbitonsOrbitonsResonant scattering?Resonant scattering?Pulse probe technique – phonons in excited Pulse probe technique – phonons in excited statesstates
Extreme EnvironmentsExtreme Environments
High pressureHigh pressureHigh TemperatureHigh TemperatureHigh magnetic fieldsHigh magnetic fieldsLow temperatureLow temperature– Heating issuesHeating issues
Levitated Liquids
Sinn, Science 299, 2047 (2003)
Small SamplesSmall Samples
New materials – e.g., phonons in MgBNew materials – e.g., phonons in MgB22
Samples/regions in crystals - PuSamples/regions in crystals - PuReally small ?Really small ?– 100 nm? Smaller?100 nm? Smaller?– Nanotubes?Nanotubes?
Wong et. al, Science 301, 1071 (2003)
Surface Phonon ScatteringSurface Phonon Scattering
Thin films (need to compare to e.g., He scattering)Thin films (need to compare to e.g., He scattering)Buried interfaces?Buried interfaces?Study 2-d behavior liquidsStudy 2-d behavior liquids
Murphy et. al, PRL 95, 256104 (2005)
Case for Case for Medium Medium
ResolutionResolution
Science at Medium ResolutionScience at Medium Resolution
Electronic excitations Electronic excitations – Plasmons, excitons, spinons, holons, Mott gap, band Plasmons, excitons, spinons, holons, Mott gap, band
transitions, superconducting gap….transitions, superconducting gap….– Non-resonant scattering – easy comparison to Non-resonant scattering – easy comparison to ((qq,,))– Resonant scattering –site and state selectiveResonant scattering –site and state selective
Soft x-ray edges at high energySoft x-ray edges at high energyTime evolution of systemsTime evolution of systemsStudy highly correlated electron systems, Mott-Study highly correlated electron systems, Mott-Hubbard insulators, organic semiconductors, Hubbard insulators, organic semiconductors, regular metals, …new systems everydayregular metals, …new systems everyday
Scattering Cross SectionScattering Cross Section2 1
2 10 2 1 2 1
0
1 2
ˆ ˆ
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ1
q
n n i n i
f i
M r f p n n p i f p n n p im E E i E E
2
2 2
1 1( , ) Im4 [ 1] ( , )QS Qe e Q
22 22
1 02ˆ ˆ[ ] ( , )e S Q
mc
Non-resonant Scattering
From Platzman and Isaacs, PRB 57, 11107 (1998)
Medium Resolution WorkMedium Resolution Work
Spinon-holonSpinon-holon
June et al., PRL 137402 (2004)
Yang et al., PRL 98, 036404 (2007)
IXS Organic Molecular Crystal
Kodituwakku et al, submitted to PRLwww.afrlhorizons.com/Briefs/Jun04/ML0319.html
Y. Cai, et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006
Medium Resolution RIXS Medium Resolution RIXS OpportunitiesOpportunities
Resonant Scattering EnergiesResonant Scattering EnergiesElement Type of Edge Energy Penetration Depth (m)
below/above edge Ti K 4966 26/3 V K 5465 22/3 Fe K 7112 24/3 Ni K 8333 26/3.5 Cu K 8979 29/4 Zn K 9659 41/5.6 Ga K 10367 54/7 As K 11867 68/10 Se K 12658 100/14 Br K 13474 150/22 Rb K 15200 370/54
Pr L 5964 7/3 Eu L 6977 12/4.5 Pt L 11564 6.2/2.5
U M 5160 0.65/0.63
Medium Resolution – Medium Resolution – Monochromator ImprovementsMonochromator Improvements
Tom Toellner, APSTom Toellner, APSFour bounceFour bounceHigh efficiencyHigh efficiencyWide energy rangeWide energy range
Medium Resolution SpectrometerMedium Resolution SpectrometerDetector ImprovementsDetector Improvements
Line detectorLine detector– Huotari et al., ESRFHuotari et al., ESRF– Shvyd’ko APSShvyd’ko APS– Improve countsImprove counts
Larger solid angleLarger solid angle– Improve resolutionImprove resolution
Reduces geometric effectReduces geometric effect– Other energies?Other energies? S. Huotari et al., Journal of Synchrotron
Radiation 20, 467-472 (2005).
Why do we need NSLS-II?Why do we need NSLS-II?
Smaller samples can be studiedSmaller samples can be studied– New materials, high pressureNew materials, high pressure
Many, many systems to look atMany, many systems to look at
Higher resolution - necessary for many Higher resolution - necessary for many cases…cases…
Low Resolution Options Important! Low Resolution Options Important! Dynamics on attosecond time scalesDynamics on attosecond time scales
From Peter Abbamonte
Low / Adjustable ResolutionLow / Adjustable Resolution
Dipole forbidden Dipole forbidden d-dd-d excitations excitations
Larson et al., PRL 99, 026401 (2007)
ObservationsObservationsNo one cares how good the NSLS-II synchrotron No one cares how good the NSLS-II synchrotron is ….is ….– They care about the quality of science They care about the quality of science Many good ideas for IXSMany good ideas for IXS– Throw out most of them Throw out most of them Use strengths of NSLS-IIUse strengths of NSLS-IIDevelop early – detectors, etc.Develop early – detectors, etc.
Room for future ideasRoom for future ideasAdjustable resolutionAdjustable resolutionSupport Support – Sample orientation/alignmentSample orientation/alignment– Characterization (other departments?)Characterization (other departments?)