news, media and power in spain
TRANSCRIPT
ON SPAIN, 2010
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News, Media and Power
Juan Luis Manfredi, Ph.D.
January, 2010
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The Sociology of
Spanish Media System
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Spain comes into democracy in 1978Now, it is a case of successful transition to liberal democracyHowever, there’s a strong relationship between the media and the political establishmentThe public service broadcasting never existed in the British sense of the word (BBC paradigm)Continuing news oligopoly Until today, the commercial market is weak
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Professionalization?
The journalism tradition connects the political and the literary roots
It means substantial emphasis to commentary, literature and op-ed
They use to be part of the cultural elite of the country!Formal education in Journalism in relatively new (50 years)Newspapers (more than other media) tend to represent distinct
political tendenciesOne survey of Spanish journalist shows that more than 85%
believed information and opinion were often mixed
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Constitutional guidelines
in Media Law
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The media started a new era in 1978, just after the approval of the Constitución Española
The Law recognizes two basic citizens’ rights
1.- Freedom of speech and the press (article 20)
2.- Freedom of enterprise (article 38)
Both rights are well-developed underpinning the practice of journalism in Spain
Let’s see how.
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The article protects the following aspects of the press freedom:
The individual right to speechThe journalist has the right to seek, to get and to spread information
There’s no real differentiation between the journalist (practitioner) and the ordinary citizens
So, in Spain, there’s no limitations to practice journalism or to be hired as one
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The Media Law in Spain is complex (as in other countries)
Some keys to retain are the following:
Migration to digital media: digital TV, radio and newspapers The new functions and the new purposes of the state-owned public service broadcasting The future General Audiovisual Law The new Economic Law and the copyright question
So, how to legislate the digital world?
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Main characteristics of the Spanish Media Companies
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(1) There are public and private audiovisual operators
(2) The multimedia groups are consolidatedThere is an increasing trend into the mergers and acquisitionsLower players, the same marketThe market is dynamic
(3) The audiovisual divisions are the heart of the companies and the content providers
(4) New players are changing the face of the Spanish market
(5) The lack of financial strength in comparison to banking, energy or services
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(6) Typology of media groups
Main players Telefonica and PRISA
Players with important foreign capital Telecinco (Mediaset)Unidad Editorial (Rizzoli)Planeta (A3 50% with De Agostini and RTL)
Growing groups Mediapro (Imagina)Auna
Family groups ZetaGodó
Regional and family groups JolyPrensa IbéricaGrupo Voz
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The Daily Press
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The market is around 18M daily readers (less than 40% population)There are about 150 daily press, but the majority are local or regional basedThere’s no yellow press, but the sports and women magazines are really important in the advertisement marketIndeed, MARCA leads the readershipIt is very important the impact of the free press:
It opened new marketsIt expanded the advertisement industry
Today, we see the biggest crisis in newspaper industry
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Total readers (million people)
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ON SPAIN, 2010Daily readers (million people/day)
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The reference press
What?The most influential media in a countryThey set the agenda and the public interestMigration from press to new media
El País, El Mundo and ABC are the most important dailies of national circulationIn some regions, like Catalonia or Basque Country, the regional based newspapers are much more important
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ON SPAIN, 2010El País
Based on Madrid and founded in 19762,8M daily readersThe newspaper is leader in the Spanish market:
430,000 (M-F) and 780,000 (weekend) daily sales 29% of the market Sells 100,000 more than the follower
Owned by PRISATraditionally, linked to PSOE’s interest, but now there’s a growing gapJavier Moreno (about 40 years old), the current director, is not journalistTwo challenges:
Elpais.com is not leader at all Global Spanish Press reference
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ON SPAIN, 2010ABC
Based on Madrid and founded in 1903728.000 daily readersOwned by VocentoTraditionally, linked to the Monarchy and the Catholic ChurchVery influential in the right wingThe only Berliner daily in Spain!
El Mundo
Based on Madrid and founded in 19891,3M daily readersOwned by Unidad EditorialSimilar to British tabloidsRight wing oriented
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La Razón
Based on Madrid and founded in 1998355.000 daily readersOwned by PlanetaLiberal economics and very conservative politics (Osservatore)Few, but loyal readers
Público
Based on Madrid and founded in 2007238.000 daily readersOwned by MediaproYoungest dailyLeft oriented
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La Vanguardia
Based on Barcelona and founded in 1881731.000 daily readersOwned by GodóCritical support to regional parties and its causes (and excellent international reports!)Catalonian middle-class
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Expansión
Based on Madrid194.000 daily readersOwned by Unidad EditorialThe most influential economic newspaperGrowing audience
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The TV
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The Spanish people watch TV 229 minutes daily
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Public Service Broadcasting
National and regional levelHighly pressured by political partiesNow, in process of depoliticization
RTVE
Officially, controlled by the ParliamentIt operates radio, TV and Internet media, as well as TVE International and Radio Exterior de España
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FORTA
Regional radio and TVs federation12 regional channels dependent on regional ParliamentsInternational broadcast via satellite platforms
Cities and councils
About 500 local public radio stations depending on the Town HallNot so interesting
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Antena 3
Based on Madrid and founded in 1989About 17,5%Owned by Planeta
Tele 5
Based on Madrid and founded in 1989About 17,5%Owned by Mediaset
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La Sexta
Based on Madrid and founded in 2007About 8%Owned by Mediapro - Imagina
Cuatro
Based on Madrid and founded in 2005 (1989)About 7,5%Owned by Tele 5, formerly by PRISAReally interesting case of the market: before Cuatro, it was Canal Plus
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Digital PlusLeader option in PPV and thematic TV providerOwned by PRISANot interesting business, despite its popularityMature market, but where’s the money?
Other DDTEmerging marketNice opportunity to develop niche contents in the audiovisual marketGol TV: niche TV broadcasts only soccer and it has 1M suscribers
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The radio
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Radio is a really influential mass mediaIt dominates the political agenda thanks to early morning newsIt is market with about 23M daily listenersThe average is 108 minutes dailyHow?
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General radio includes news and entertainmentThere are five big stations
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The Internet
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Broadband penetration
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Daily users (%)
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Some influentials blogs
1.Microsiervos2.Enrique Dans3.Genbeta4.Kirai5.Xataka6.Escolar.net7.Barrapunto8.Error 5009.Google Dirson10.No puedo creer que lo hayan inventado
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Audiences
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AIMC: ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH ON MEDIAhttp://www.aimc.esActivities include audience measurementAIMC publishes every three months the General Media Study (EGM) which measures the ratings of the press, radio, Internet television in Spain. EGI: GENERAL STUDY OF INTERNEThttp://www.estudiogeneraldeinternet.com Madrid-based company that produces studies for hearing on websites in Spain.
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OJD: OFFICE OF JUSTIFICATION FOR DISTRIBUTIONhttp://www.ojd.es Official data from Spanish Newspaper circulation. It also allows access to data dissemination conventional paper media. Updated monthly.Very controversial office SOFRES MEDIA AUDIENCEhttp://www.sofresam.com It provides data weekly audience figures reached by the national television channels and regional.
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Thanks! More Questions?More Answers?
Now?Later?
See you [email protected]
ciberdemocracia.blogspot.com
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Thank you!