(new)introduction to biotechnology.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to Biotechnology
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BiotechnologyBiotechnology helps to meet our basic needs.Food, clothing, shelter, health and safety
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BiotechnologyImprovements by using scienceScience helps in production plants, animals and other organisms
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BiotechnologyAlso used in maintaining a good environment that promotes our well being
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BiotechnologyUsing scientific processes to get new organisms or new products from organisms.
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BiotechnologyLarge areaIncludes many approaches and methods in science and technology
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Office of Tech Assessment Definition Any technique that uses living organisms or substances from those organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals.
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Cont.Or to develop microorganisms for specific uses.
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Agricultural ViewAll of the applied science based operations in producing food, fiber, shelter, and related products
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Agricultural ViewMilk productionNew horticultural and ornamental plantsWildlife, aquaculture, natural resources and environmental management
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MultidisciplinaryInvolves many disciplines or branches of learningIncludes all areas of Life Sciences
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Organismic BiotechWorking with complete, intact organisms or their cellsOrganisms are not genetically changed with artificial means
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Organismic BiotechHelp the organism live better or be more productiveGoal improve organisms and the conditions in which they grow
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Organismic BiotechStudy and use natural genetic variationsCloning is an example of organismic biotech
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CloningProcess of producing a new organism from cells or tissues of existing organism.1997 cloned sheep Dolly in Edinburgh Scotland
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Molecular BiotechChanging the genetic make-up of an organismAltering the structure and parts of cellsComplex!
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Organismic BiotechHelp the organism live better or be more productiveGoal improve organisms and the conditions in which they grow
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Organismic BiotechStudy and use natural genetic variationsCloning is an example of organismic biotech
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Molecular BiotechUses genetic engineering, molecular mapping and similar processes
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Genetic EngineeringChanging the genetic information in a cellSpecific trait of one organism may be isolated,cut, and moved into the cell of another organism
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TransgenicResults of Gen. Eng. Are said to be transgenicGenetic material in an organism has been altered
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Biotech examplesMedicineAgricultureEnvironmentForestryFood and beverage processing
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MedicineSome new developments delve into the hereditary material of humans known as gene therapy
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MedicineBiopharming production of pharmaceuticals in cultured organismsCombination of the agriculture and pharmaceutical industries
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MedicineTherapeutant - product used to maintain health or prevent diseaseBiopharmaceuticals drug or vaccine developed through biotechnologyCalled designer drugs
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MedicineCertain blood derived products needed in human medicine can be produced in the milk of goats
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EnvironmentAny biotechnological process that may promote a good environmentOrganisms developed during the gulf war to eat oilOrganism used in gold mining to eat contaminants
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EnvironmentalProblems naturally solved by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi break down contaminant into a form less harmful or not harmful
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Ag and ForestryPlant biotechAnimal biotech
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Plant biotechImprove plants and the products produced from themInsect and disease resistanceEngineered to have desired characteristics
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Plant biotechCorn plant produced with high levels of the amino acid Lysine
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Animal BiotechImprove animals or the products they produceAnimals may be used to produce products that promote human health
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Animal BiotechIncrease productivityPigs engineered to produce human hemoglobin
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Food and BeveragesUse of technology in producing and processingSome biotech principles have been employed for hundreds of yearsYeast in baking bread
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Food and Bev.Genetically altered cropsrBGH milk
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BiotechnologyHelps meet human needsFood, clothing and shelterPlants and animals are used in manufacturing food, clothing and materials for shelter
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BiotechnologyUsed to make products more useful or desirableEx: conversion of milk into cheese or yogurt
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EfficiencyMust keep the cost of improving products as low as possibleBiotech results in greater efficiency
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EfficiencyInoculating legume seeds with bacteria that allow the plant to pull nitrogen out of the air and put it into the soilSaves the producer the cost of applying N fertilizer
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EfficiencyResults in trees that grow faster and produce wood that is more desirable
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Greater ProductionIncreases yieldsbST use in cows to produce more milkHigher crop yields from drought, disease & insect resistant crops
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Health Promoting FoodsFood with unique traitsSome contain therapeutantsSome designed with nutrient enrichment
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SafetyConsumers want foods to provide needed nutrients and in some cases, enhanced foodsDo not want side effects from those enhanced foods
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Easy preparationFlavr-Savr TomatoReached the market in early 1990sEngineered to have a longer shelf life
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Flavr-SavrNo soft spotsNo rotten spotsTomato resists spoilage
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Synthetic biologyCreating lifelike characteristics through the use of chemicalsBased on creating structures similar to those found in living organisms
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Synthetic BiologyNeed for synthetic cells lead to the development of the vesicleVesicle tiny rounded structure with cell like traits
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VesicleTiny structures similar to soap bubbles were created to serve as the cell membraneVisible only with powerful microscope
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VesicleOnce the cell membrane has been successfully developed, development of the materials with the cell is initiated.
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Synthetic biologyIs important because it brings science closer to creating life in the labCells and tissues may be developed to treat human injury and disease
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