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New Orleans Bridges and Levees New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future A Look at the Future In Light of Katrina Observations In Light of Katrina Observations Jean Jean - - Louis Briaud, PhD, P.E. Louis Briaud, PhD, P.E. Professor, Texas A&M University Professor, Texas A&M University Member of the NSF Member of the NSF - - Berkeley Team Berkeley Team Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

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Page 1: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

New Orleans Bridges and LeveesNew Orleans Bridges and LeveesA Look at the FutureA Look at the Future

In Light of Katrina ObservationsIn Light of Katrina Observations

JeanJean--Louis Briaud, PhD, P.E.Louis Briaud, PhD, P.E.Professor, Texas A&M UniversityProfessor, Texas A&M University

Member of the NSFMember of the NSF--Berkeley TeamBerkeley Team

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 2: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

2006 Outlay

D epartment o f H ealth and H uman Services

24%

So cial Security A dministrat io n19%

D epartment o f the T reasury

D epartment o f D efense--M ilitary15%

D epartment o f A griculture3%

D epartment o f Veterans A ffairs2%

D epartment o f Educat io n2%

Off ice o f P erso nnel M anagement2%

D epartment o f T ranspo rtat io n2%

So cial Security A dministrat io n2%

D epartment o f Labo r2%

Other D efense C ivil P ro grams2%

D epartment o f H o using and Urban D evelo pment

1%

D epartment o f H o meland Security1%

Other7%

16%

http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2006/db.htmlJean-Louis Briaud Jean-Louis Briaud –– TTexas A&M Universityexas A&M University

USA BUDGET = 2.5 Trillion dollars = 2,500,000,000,000 Dollars

Page 3: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

2006 Outlay (Other)

A llo wa nc e s12 %

D e pa rtm e nt o f Ene rg y11%

Inte rna t io na l A s s is ta nc e P ro g ra m s

9 %

N a tio na l A e ro na ut ic s a nd S pa c e A dm inis tra t io n

8 %

D e pa rtm e nt o f S ta te7 %

D e pa rtm e nt o f the Inte rio r5 %

Env iro nm e nta l P ro te c t io n A g e nc y4 %

F e de ra l C o m m unic a t io ns C o m m is s io n

4 %

Exe c ut iv e Off ic e o f the P re s ide nt4 %

D e pa rtm e nt o f C o m m e rc e3 %

J udic ia l B ra nc h3 %

N a tio na l S c ie nc e F o unda t io n3 %

R a ilro a d R e t ire m e nt B o a rd3 %

C o rps o f Eng ine e rs -C iv il Wo rks2 %

Le g is la t iv e B ra nc h2 %

P o s ta l S e rv ic e2 %

< $ 1 B illio n e a c h5 %

D e pa rtm e nt o f J us t ic e12 %

USA BUDGET = 2.5 Trillion dollars = 2,500,000,000,000 Dollars

http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2006/db.htmlJean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 4: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

H eart D eseaseC ancerC erebro-v ascu la r lower resp ira to ry deseasesC hron ic lower resp ira to ry deseasesA ccidentsD iabetes m ellitusIn f luenza and pneum oniaIn ten tiona l se lf harm (suc ide)C hron ic liv e r desease and c irrhosisA ssu lt (hom ic ide)

USA POPULATION = 300 MillionsDEATHS PER YEAR = 2.5 Millions

DEATHS PER YEAR AND PER 100,000 PEOPLE

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 5: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

no. of deaths and the cost as a function of time in years(considering only the III's listed 10 most costly hurricanes in the US)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1984 1986 1989 1992 1994 1997 2000 2003 2005Date

Dea

ths

$0

$5

$10

$15

$20

$25

$30

$35

$40

Bill

ions

$ (2

004

Dol

lars

)

Deaths Costs (2004$)

http://www.iii.org/media/facts/statsbyissue/hurricanes/

Jean-Louis Briaud Jean-Louis Briaud –– TTexas A&M Universityexas A&M University

HURRICANE DEATHS and DAMAGE COST

Page 6: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 7: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Hurricane = 250 miles in diameter

Travel speed = 25 mph

Duration over a bridge or a levee = 10 hours

Storm surge = 10 hours

Number of wave cycles = 6000

Page 8: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 9: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Bay St Louis Bridge

Lake Pont Chartrain Bridge

Page 10: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

From Raymond B. SEED

Page 11: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

From Raymond B. SEED

Page 12: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 13: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 14: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 15: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 16: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 17: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 18: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 19: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 20: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

From Raymond B. SEED

Page 21: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

BRIDGES

Page 22: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

U.S. 90 bridgeU.S. 90 bridgeoveroverthe Bay of St. Louisthe Bay of St. Louis

Page 23: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

I I --10 bridge10 bridgeoveroverLake PontchartrainLake Pontchartrain

Page 24: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 25: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 26: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

FOUNDATFOUNDATIION DEON DESIGNSIGN

Page 27: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

LEVEES

Page 28: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

From Raymond B. SEED

Page 29: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

From Raymond B. SEED

Page 30: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

From Raymond B. SEED

Page 31: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

FAILURE BY OVERTOPING AND EROSION

Page 32: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

FAILURE BY OVERTOPING AND EROSION

Page 33: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud Jean-Louis Briaud –– TTexas A&M Universityexas A&M University

FAILURE BY RIGID BODY TRANSLATION AND SEEPAGE

WATER

SOIL

Page 34: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

BRIDGES

Page 35: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 36: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 37: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

NUMERICAL SIMULATION

Wave Length = 60 m

Wave Period = 6 s

Wave Height = 5.2 m

Wave Speed = 10 m/s

Page 38: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

CHEN 3DCHEN 3D -- Wave Impact on Bridge DeckWave Impact on Bridge Deck

Page 39: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

CHEN 3DCHEN 3D -- Vertical Forces on DeckVertical Forces on Deck

-400

0

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20

Time (s)

Verti

cal F

orce

(kN

/m)

Page 40: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

CHEN 3DCHEN 3D -- Horizontal Forces on DeckHorizontal Forces on Deck

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 5 10 15 20

Time (s)

Hor

izon

tal F

orce

(kN

/m)

Page 41: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 42: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Briaud (1997) Method for Overturning of Piles

TRANSFER LENGTHLo = (4EI/K)0.25 Lo = 4.1 m

MAX BENDING MOMENTMo = -0.5 Ho Lo Mo = 410 kN.m

MAX HORIZONTAL LOADHou = 0.75 pL B Dv Hou = 288 kN

GROUNDLINE DEFLECTIONyo = Ho/LoK yo = 0.24 m

Page 43: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

RATCHETING MOVEMENT

HORIZONTAL SOIL FAILURE @ PILES

RATCHETING MOVEMENT

Page 44: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

FOUNDATION DESIGNFOUNDATION DESIGN

Page 45: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 46: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 47: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 48: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 49: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud Jean-Louis Briaud –– TTexas A&M Universityexas A&M University

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Con

stru

ctio

n

Con

cret

e

Det

erio

ratio

n

Eart

hqua

ke

Nat

ural

Stee

l

Fire

Mis

c.

Ove

rloa

d

Col

lisio

n

Hyd

raul

ic

Cause

Num

ber o

f Fai

lure

s fr

om19

66 to

200

5 (1

502

Tota

l)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Perc

ent

Page 50: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 51: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Nd:YAG PIV System

Page 52: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

LDV Head with Traverse

Page 53: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

W o o d r o w W i l s o n B r i d g e H y d r o g r a p h y

0

2 0 0 0

4 0 0 0

6 0 0 0

8 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

1 2 0 0 0

1 9 6 0 1 9 6 3 1 9 6 6 1 9 7 0 1 9 7 3 1 9 7 6 1 9 7 9 1 9 8 3 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 9 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 9

T i m e ( y e a r )

Dis

char

ge (m

3 /sec

)

S c o u r D e p t h V s T i m e

0

1 0 0 0

2 0 0 0

3 0 0 0

4 0 0 0

5 0 0 0

6 0 0 0

7 0 0 0

1 9 6 0 1 9 6 5 1 9 7 0 1 9 7 5 1 9 8 0 1 9 8 5 1 9 9 0 1 9 9 5

T i m e ( y e a r )

Scou

r D

epth

(mm

)

Page 54: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

LEVEES

Page 55: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

FAILURE BY OVERTOPING AND EROSION

Page 56: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

CHEN 3DCHEN 3D -- Splash Impact on LeveeSplash Impact on Levee

Page 57: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

FAILURE BY OVERTOPING AND EROSION

Page 58: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 59: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

EFA Erosion Function Apparatus

Z&

τ

cτ τ

Water FlowWater Flow 1 mm1 mm

SoilSoil

Piston Pushing at Rate =

Z&(mm/hr)

(N/m2)

VV

Si

Page 60: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Typical EFA Test Results (Clay)

Scour Rate vs Shear Stress

0.01

0.10

1.00

10.00

100.00

0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0

Shear Stress (N/m2)

Scou

r R

ate

(mm

/hr)

Porcelain Clay PI=16%Su=23.3 Kpa

Scour Rate vs Velocity

0.01

0.10

1.00

10.00

100.00

0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0

Velocity (m/s)

Scou

r R

ate

(mm

/hr)

Porcelain Clay PI=16%Su=23.3 Kpa

Page 61: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Typical EFA Test Results (Sand)

Scour Rate vs Velocity

0.01

0.10

1.00

10.00

100.00

1000.00

10000.00

0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0

Velocity (m/s)

Scou

r R

ate

(mm

/hr)

Sand D50=0.3 mm

Scour Rate vs Shear Stress

0.01

0.10

1.00

10.00

100.00

1000.00

10000.00

0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0

Shear Stress (N/m2)

Scou

r R

ate

(mm

/hr)

Sand D50=0.3 mm

Page 62: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

THRESHOLD OF OPTIMUM SIMPLICITY

TOO COMPLICATED

TOO SIMPLE

“THINGS SHOULD BE MADE AS SIMPLE AS POSSIBLE BUT NOT ANY SIMPLER THAN THAT”

---------Albert Einstein (Safir and Safire, 1982)

Page 63: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

ELEVATED HOUSESELEVATED HOUSES

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 64: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 65: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

ESCAPE STRUCTURESESCAPE STRUCTURES

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Page 66: New Orleans Bridges and Levees A Look at the Future In ...2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks 3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly 4. Develop better understanding

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

CONCLUSIONS1. Choose a target risk and quantify current risk levels

2. Develop solution to wave forces on bridge decks

3. Tie decks down and design foundation accordingly

4. Develop better understanding of soil erosion process

5. Goal of 4. is to develop guidelines for levee soils

6. Develop tools to evaluate miles of levees efficiently

7. Check concept of elevated houses

8. Check concept of escape structures

9. Implement research techniques into practice