New Methods of Textile Production

Spinning MulePower Loom

The Spinning Jenny c. 1764

Spinning Jenny used in textile mills

James Hargreaves (1720-1778)

Woman Working a Hargreave's Spinning Jenny

The Water Frame c. 1768

Richard Arkwright

The Spinning Mule c. 1779

Spinning mule

Samuel Crompton

The Power Loom c. 1785

Women at work in a textile mill

Edmund Cartwright (1743-1823)

Textile FactoryWorkers in England

Textile FactoryWorkers in England

1813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers

1833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers

1850224, 000 looms

>1 million workers

Energy, the Steam Engine, and Iron Industry

James Watt(1736-1819)

James Watt and the Steam Engine

Modern reconstruction

Henry Cort(1740-1800)

A. Fireplace grate;B. Firebricks;C. Cross binders;D. Fireplace;E. Work door;F. Hearth;G. Cast iron retaining

plates

Raw Coke

Pig Iron

Puddling Furnace

British Pig Iron Production

British Pig Iron Production

Pig Iron: the immediate product of smelting iron ore with coke and limestone in a blast furnace.

Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829)

Davy Lamp (aka Safety Lamp)

Modern versionof a Davy Lamp

TRANSPORTATION AND THE RAILROAD INDUSTRY

Duke of Bridgewater and canals

Bridgewater's profitable canal-building (opened 1761) started the "Canal Mania"

Metals, Woolens, & Canals

Metals, Woolens, & Canals

John Loudon McAdam and roads

                                              Macadamized Roads

George Stephenson and the Rocket

The Rocket

The Impact of the Railroad

The Impact of the Railroad

Isambard Kingdom Brunel

Great Albert Bridge

                                                                   Isn't his name amazing?                    Thames Tunnel

Isambard Kingdom Brunel

Great Albert Bridge

                                                                                     Thames Tunnel

The Gauge Wars

The New Industrial CityThe New Industrial City

The Crystal Palace at the site to which it was later removed, Penge

An Essay on the Principle of Population

Iron Law of Wages