new lists and seasoned firms: fundamentals and survival rates

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New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates Eugene F. Fama Kenneth R. French October 16, 2002

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New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates. Eugene F. Fama Kenneth R. French October 16, 2002. Overview. There is a flood of new lists in 1980s and 1990s. Profitability is progressively more disperse and left skewed. Growth becomes more disperse and right skewed. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Eugene F. Fama

Kenneth R. French

October 16, 2002

Page 2: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Overview

• There is a flood of new lists in 1980s and 1990s.

• Profitability is progressively more disperse and left skewed.

• Growth becomes more disperse and right skewed.

• There is sharp decline in new list survival rates.

• Seasoned firms acquire subdued versions of these characteristics.

Page 3: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Previous Research

• Lots of evidence on returns of IPOs and other new lists– Ritter (1991) Dharan and Ikenberry (1995)

– Loughran and Ritter (1995) Eckbo and Norli (2001)

– Brav, Geczy, and Gompers (2000) Gompers and Lerner (2001)

– Shultz (2002)

• Some evidence on new list survival rates– Seguin and Smoller (1997)

• Less evidence on characteristics and performance – Jain and Kini (1994)

– Mikkelson, Partch, and Shah (1997)

Page 4: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Figure 1- Number of New Lists

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

Year

Fir

ms

New Lists

Page 5: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Figure 1- Number of New Lists

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

Year

Fir

ms New Lists

IPOs

Non-IPOs

Page 6: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Table 1 – Average Number of Firms and Average NYSE and Local Exchange Percentiles for Market Equity and Assets

All New Lists (ME) All New Lists (Assets)

Firms NYSE % Local % Firms NYSE % Local %

1973-1979 149 9.3 45.2 104 5.7 33.4

1980-1989 573 8.2 48.3 415 5.2 37.9

1990-2000 622 17.5 55.5 565 10.2 44.0

IPOs (ME) Non-IPO New Lists (ME)

Firms NYSE % Local % Firms NYSE % Local %

1973-1979 30 13.2 57.8 119 8.7 42.2

1980-1989 306 10.6 55.3 267 5.9 41.3

1990-2000 432 20.4 60.3 189 10.9 45.2

Page 7: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Table 1 – Percent of Names in NYSE Percentile Range

All New Lists (ME) All New Lists (Assets)

0 5 10 20 0 5 10 20

1973-1979 12.1 67.0 75.2 85.3 63.6 84.7 85.7 90.3

1980-1989 8.5 66.0 78.1 88.5 21.6 84.7 85.9 89.6

1990-2000 0.0 33.2 50.0 70.1 9.9 65.0 68.2 77.0

IPO’s (ME) Non-IPO New Lists (ME)

0 5 10 20 0 5 10 20

1973-1979 5.9 48.5 59.4 78.0 13.7 71.0 78.6 86.2

1980-1989 3.4 55.6 69.3 83.6 13.2 76.5 86.5 93.3

1990-2000 0.1 24.5 40.1 63.4 0.0 51.9 71.1 85.3

Page 8: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Figure 2a - Profitability in Year 1 for New Lists and Seasoned Firms

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

Year

E/A Seasoned Firms

Page 9: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Figure 2a - Profitability in Year 1 for New Lists and Seasoned Firms

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

Year

E/A Seasoned Firms

IPOs

Page 10: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Figure 2a - Profitability in Year 1 for New Lists and Seasoned Firms

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

Year

E/A

Seasoned Firms

IPOs

Non-IPO New Lists

Page 11: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Figure 2b - Profitability in Year 3 for New Lists and Seasoned Firms

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

Year

E/A Seasoned Firms

IPOs

Page 12: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Figure 2b - Profitability in Year 3 for New Lists and Seasoned Firms

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

Year

E/A

Seasoned Firms

IPOs

Non-IPO New Lists

Page 13: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Figure 3 - Profitability for Big and Small Firms

-12

-8

-4

0

4

8

12

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

Year

E/A

All Big Firms

All Small Firms

Page 14: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Figure 3 - Profitability for All Big Firms, Small Firms Seasoned More Than Five Years,and Small Firms Listed within Five Years

-12

-8

-4

0

4

8

12

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

Year

E/A

All Big Firms

Seasoned Small

Newly Listed Small

Page 15: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Figure 4a - Percentiles of Year 1 Profitability for New Lists

-0.7

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

Year

E/A

10%

25%

50%

75%

90%

Page 16: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

E/A for All New Lists of the Last 5 Years File is Profitability for New Lists IPOs and Not IPOs_wout Money_60.dat

----- ------- All ----- ------- ---- ------- Small -----All Small Big 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 10% 25% 50% 75%

1968 0.081 0.084 0.078 0.042 0.063 0.082 0.106 0.146 0.042 0.063 0.085 0.1131969 0.077 0.081 0.073 0.045 0.063 0.082 0.104 0.132 0.044 0.063 0.083 0.1051970 0.07 0.073 0.066 0.015 0.052 0.078 0.105 0.133 0.013 0.051 0.078 0.1051971 0.07 0.075 0.064 0.02 0.052 0.075 0.098 0.128 0.013 0.051 0.076 0.11972 0.072 0.076 0.067 0.034 0.056 0.077 0.101 0.131 0.034 0.055 0.077 0.1021973 0.079 0.084 0.074 0.035 0.061 0.083 0.106 0.143 0.035 0.06 0.083 0.1081974 0.081 0.083 0.079 0.025 0.06 0.086 0.116 0.153 0.023 0.059 0.086 0.1161975 0.073 0.086 0.059 -0.014 0.052 0.084 0.113 0.15 -0.016 0.052 0.085 0.1141976 0.074 0.099 0.061 0.017 0.062 0.092 0.122 0.161 0.018 0.062 0.093 0.1231977 0.08 0.094 0.07 0.031 0.063 0.097 0.129 0.177 0.032 0.063 0.097 0.131978 0.083 0.105 0.053 0.026 0.07 0.105 0.142 0.194 0.026 0.071 0.106 0.1431979 0.08 0.099 0.041 -0.054 0.048 0.09 0.136 0.183 -0.056 0.05 0.091 0.1381980 0.079 0.099 0.046 -0.103 0.021 0.089 0.141 0.185 -0.109 0.022 0.09 0.1411981 0.089 0.106 0.06 -0.125 0.007 0.086 0.133 0.177 -0.137 0.007 0.086 0.1331982 0.076 0.083 0.062 -0.344 -0.061 0.06 0.118 0.164 -0.347 -0.062 0.059 0.1181983 0.075 0.066 0.098 -0.267 -0.066 0.058 0.113 0.153 -0.27 -0.068 0.057 0.1121984 0.074 0.071 0.08 -0.343 -0.069 0.06 0.116 0.16 -0.346 -0.072 0.058 0.1161985 0.078 0.056 0.09 -0.414 -0.097 0.047 0.103 0.154 -0.419 -0.1 0.045 0.1041986 0.075 0.057 0.085 -0.444 -0.109 0.044 0.102 0.144 -0.455 -0.115 0.043 0.1021987 0.07 0.064 0.074 -0.372 -0.1 0.046 0.098 0.138 -0.375 -0.108 0.045 0.0981988 0.076 0.073 0.078 -0.408 -0.099 0.051 0.1 0.144 -0.423 -0.108 0.048 0.0991989 0.073 0.072 0.074 -0.376 -0.089 0.049 0.102 0.148 -0.39 -0.095 0.048 0.1011990 0.075 0.061 0.087 -0.358 -0.057 0.05 0.1 0.144 -0.369 -0.067 0.048 0.0991991 0.042 0.039 0.045 -0.341 -0.092 0.046 0.094 0.137 -0.352 -0.099 0.045 0.0941992 0.05 0.042 0.059 -0.352 -0.1 0.048 0.096 0.138 -0.361 -0.108 0.046 0.0971993 0.047 0.041 0.055 -0.412 -0.13 0.043 0.094 0.138 -0.432 -0.139 0.041 0.0931994 0.052 0.038 0.067 -0.467 -0.131 0.049 0.095 0.136 -0.47 -0.147 0.046 0.0951995 0.046 0.041 0.053 -0.379 -0.102 0.044 0.091 0.133 -0.39 -0.113 0.042 0.0911996 0.04 0.033 0.046 -0.405 -0.131 0.034 0.087 0.133 -0.426 -0.145 0.032 0.0861997 0.036 0.02 0.05 -0.492 -0.167 0.033 0.084 0.129 -0.518 -0.189 0.029 0.0841998 0.036 0.022 0.048 -0.482 -0.16 0.031 0.081 0.122 -0.508 -0.18 0.027 0.0811999 0.02 -0.012 0.038 -0.507 -0.191 0.003 0.073 0.115 -0.529 -0.201 -0.008 0.0712000 -0.034 -0.088 -0.008 -0.712 -0.286 -0.052 0.062 0.113 -0.758 -0.329 -0.07 0.06

All New Lists

-0.7

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

E/A

Big New Lists

-0.7

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

E/A

Figures 4b and 4c – Profitability of All New Lists and Big New Lists of Last Five Years

Page 17: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

E/A for All New Lists of the Last 5 Years File is Profitability for New Lists IPOs and Not IPOs_wout Money_60.dat

----- ------- All ----- ------- ---- ------- Small -----All Small Big 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 10% 25% 50% 75%

1968 0.081 0.084 0.078 0.042 0.063 0.082 0.106 0.146 0.042 0.063 0.085 0.1131969 0.077 0.081 0.073 0.045 0.063 0.082 0.104 0.132 0.044 0.063 0.083 0.1051970 0.07 0.073 0.066 0.015 0.052 0.078 0.105 0.133 0.013 0.051 0.078 0.1051971 0.07 0.075 0.064 0.02 0.052 0.075 0.098 0.128 0.013 0.051 0.076 0.11972 0.072 0.076 0.067 0.034 0.056 0.077 0.101 0.131 0.034 0.055 0.077 0.1021973 0.079 0.084 0.074 0.035 0.061 0.083 0.106 0.143 0.035 0.06 0.083 0.1081974 0.081 0.083 0.079 0.025 0.06 0.086 0.116 0.153 0.023 0.059 0.086 0.1161975 0.073 0.086 0.059 -0.014 0.052 0.084 0.113 0.15 -0.016 0.052 0.085 0.1141976 0.074 0.099 0.061 0.017 0.062 0.092 0.122 0.161 0.018 0.062 0.093 0.1231977 0.08 0.094 0.07 0.031 0.063 0.097 0.129 0.177 0.032 0.063 0.097 0.131978 0.083 0.105 0.053 0.026 0.07 0.105 0.142 0.194 0.026 0.071 0.106 0.1431979 0.08 0.099 0.041 -0.054 0.048 0.09 0.136 0.183 -0.056 0.05 0.091 0.1381980 0.079 0.099 0.046 -0.103 0.021 0.089 0.141 0.185 -0.109 0.022 0.09 0.1411981 0.089 0.106 0.06 -0.125 0.007 0.086 0.133 0.177 -0.137 0.007 0.086 0.1331982 0.076 0.083 0.062 -0.344 -0.061 0.06 0.118 0.164 -0.347 -0.062 0.059 0.1181983 0.075 0.066 0.098 -0.267 -0.066 0.058 0.113 0.153 -0.27 -0.068 0.057 0.1121984 0.074 0.071 0.08 -0.343 -0.069 0.06 0.116 0.16 -0.346 -0.072 0.058 0.1161985 0.078 0.056 0.09 -0.414 -0.097 0.047 0.103 0.154 -0.419 -0.1 0.045 0.1041986 0.075 0.057 0.085 -0.444 -0.109 0.044 0.102 0.144 -0.455 -0.115 0.043 0.1021987 0.07 0.064 0.074 -0.372 -0.1 0.046 0.098 0.138 -0.375 -0.108 0.045 0.0981988 0.076 0.073 0.078 -0.408 -0.099 0.051 0.1 0.144 -0.423 -0.108 0.048 0.0991989 0.073 0.072 0.074 -0.376 -0.089 0.049 0.102 0.148 -0.39 -0.095 0.048 0.1011990 0.075 0.061 0.087 -0.358 -0.057 0.05 0.1 0.144 -0.369 -0.067 0.048 0.0991991 0.042 0.039 0.045 -0.341 -0.092 0.046 0.094 0.137 -0.352 -0.099 0.045 0.0941992 0.05 0.042 0.059 -0.352 -0.1 0.048 0.096 0.138 -0.361 -0.108 0.046 0.0971993 0.047 0.041 0.055 -0.412 -0.13 0.043 0.094 0.138 -0.432 -0.139 0.041 0.0931994 0.052 0.038 0.067 -0.467 -0.131 0.049 0.095 0.136 -0.47 -0.147 0.046 0.0951995 0.046 0.041 0.053 -0.379 -0.102 0.044 0.091 0.133 -0.39 -0.113 0.042 0.0911996 0.04 0.033 0.046 -0.405 -0.131 0.034 0.087 0.133 -0.426 -0.145 0.032 0.0861997 0.036 0.02 0.05 -0.492 -0.167 0.033 0.084 0.129 -0.518 -0.189 0.029 0.0841998 0.036 0.022 0.048 -0.482 -0.16 0.031 0.081 0.122 -0.508 -0.18 0.027 0.0811999 0.02 -0.012 0.038 -0.507 -0.191 0.003 0.073 0.115 -0.529 -0.201 -0.008 0.0712000 -0.034 -0.088 -0.008 -0.712 -0.286 -0.052 0.062 0.113 -0.758 -0.329 -0.07 0.06

New Lists

-0.7

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

E/A

Seasoned Firms

-0.7

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

E/A

Figures 4b and 5a – Profitability of Firms Listed within Last 5 Years and Firms Seasoned for More than 5 Years

Page 18: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

E/A for All New Lists of the Last 5 Years File is Profitability for New Lists IPOs and Not IPOs_wout Money_60.dat

----- ------- All ----- ------- ---- ------- Small -----All Small Big 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 10% 25% 50% 75%

1968 0.081 0.084 0.078 0.042 0.063 0.082 0.106 0.146 0.042 0.063 0.085 0.1131969 0.077 0.081 0.073 0.045 0.063 0.082 0.104 0.132 0.044 0.063 0.083 0.1051970 0.07 0.073 0.066 0.015 0.052 0.078 0.105 0.133 0.013 0.051 0.078 0.1051971 0.07 0.075 0.064 0.02 0.052 0.075 0.098 0.128 0.013 0.051 0.076 0.11972 0.072 0.076 0.067 0.034 0.056 0.077 0.101 0.131 0.034 0.055 0.077 0.1021973 0.079 0.084 0.074 0.035 0.061 0.083 0.106 0.143 0.035 0.06 0.083 0.1081974 0.081 0.083 0.079 0.025 0.06 0.086 0.116 0.153 0.023 0.059 0.086 0.1161975 0.073 0.086 0.059 -0.014 0.052 0.084 0.113 0.15 -0.016 0.052 0.085 0.1141976 0.074 0.099 0.061 0.017 0.062 0.092 0.122 0.161 0.018 0.062 0.093 0.1231977 0.08 0.094 0.07 0.031 0.063 0.097 0.129 0.177 0.032 0.063 0.097 0.131978 0.083 0.105 0.053 0.026 0.07 0.105 0.142 0.194 0.026 0.071 0.106 0.1431979 0.08 0.099 0.041 -0.054 0.048 0.09 0.136 0.183 -0.056 0.05 0.091 0.1381980 0.079 0.099 0.046 -0.103 0.021 0.089 0.141 0.185 -0.109 0.022 0.09 0.1411981 0.089 0.106 0.06 -0.125 0.007 0.086 0.133 0.177 -0.137 0.007 0.086 0.1331982 0.076 0.083 0.062 -0.344 -0.061 0.06 0.118 0.164 -0.347 -0.062 0.059 0.1181983 0.075 0.066 0.098 -0.267 -0.066 0.058 0.113 0.153 -0.27 -0.068 0.057 0.1121984 0.074 0.071 0.08 -0.343 -0.069 0.06 0.116 0.16 -0.346 -0.072 0.058 0.1161985 0.078 0.056 0.09 -0.414 -0.097 0.047 0.103 0.154 -0.419 -0.1 0.045 0.1041986 0.075 0.057 0.085 -0.444 -0.109 0.044 0.102 0.144 -0.455 -0.115 0.043 0.1021987 0.07 0.064 0.074 -0.372 -0.1 0.046 0.098 0.138 -0.375 -0.108 0.045 0.0981988 0.076 0.073 0.078 -0.408 -0.099 0.051 0.1 0.144 -0.423 -0.108 0.048 0.0991989 0.073 0.072 0.074 -0.376 -0.089 0.049 0.102 0.148 -0.39 -0.095 0.048 0.1011990 0.075 0.061 0.087 -0.358 -0.057 0.05 0.1 0.144 -0.369 -0.067 0.048 0.0991991 0.042 0.039 0.045 -0.341 -0.092 0.046 0.094 0.137 -0.352 -0.099 0.045 0.0941992 0.05 0.042 0.059 -0.352 -0.1 0.048 0.096 0.138 -0.361 -0.108 0.046 0.0971993 0.047 0.041 0.055 -0.412 -0.13 0.043 0.094 0.138 -0.432 -0.139 0.041 0.0931994 0.052 0.038 0.067 -0.467 -0.131 0.049 0.095 0.136 -0.47 -0.147 0.046 0.0951995 0.046 0.041 0.053 -0.379 -0.102 0.044 0.091 0.133 -0.39 -0.113 0.042 0.0911996 0.04 0.033 0.046 -0.405 -0.131 0.034 0.087 0.133 -0.426 -0.145 0.032 0.0861997 0.036 0.02 0.05 -0.492 -0.167 0.033 0.084 0.129 -0.518 -0.189 0.029 0.0841998 0.036 0.022 0.048 -0.482 -0.16 0.031 0.081 0.122 -0.508 -0.18 0.027 0.0811999 0.02 -0.012 0.038 -0.507 -0.191 0.003 0.073 0.115 -0.529 -0.201 -0.008 0.0712000 -0.034 -0.088 -0.008 -0.712 -0.286 -0.052 0.062 0.113 -0.758 -0.329 -0.07 0.06

Big Seasoned Firms

-0.7

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

E/A

All Seasoned Firms

-0.7

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

E/A

Figures 5a and 5b – Profitability of All Seasoned Firms and Big Seasoned Firms

Page 19: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

E/A for All New Lists of the Last 5 Years File is Profitability for New Lists IPOs and Not IPOs_wout Money_60.dat

----- ------- All ----- ------- ---- ------- Small -----All Small Big 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 10% 25% 50% 75%

1968 0.081 0.084 0.078 0.042 0.063 0.082 0.106 0.146 0.042 0.063 0.085 0.1131969 0.077 0.081 0.073 0.045 0.063 0.082 0.104 0.132 0.044 0.063 0.083 0.1051970 0.07 0.073 0.066 0.015 0.052 0.078 0.105 0.133 0.013 0.051 0.078 0.1051971 0.07 0.075 0.064 0.02 0.052 0.075 0.098 0.128 0.013 0.051 0.076 0.11972 0.072 0.076 0.067 0.034 0.056 0.077 0.101 0.131 0.034 0.055 0.077 0.1021973 0.079 0.084 0.074 0.035 0.061 0.083 0.106 0.143 0.035 0.06 0.083 0.1081974 0.081 0.083 0.079 0.025 0.06 0.086 0.116 0.153 0.023 0.059 0.086 0.1161975 0.073 0.086 0.059 -0.014 0.052 0.084 0.113 0.15 -0.016 0.052 0.085 0.1141976 0.074 0.099 0.061 0.017 0.062 0.092 0.122 0.161 0.018 0.062 0.093 0.1231977 0.08 0.094 0.07 0.031 0.063 0.097 0.129 0.177 0.032 0.063 0.097 0.131978 0.083 0.105 0.053 0.026 0.07 0.105 0.142 0.194 0.026 0.071 0.106 0.1431979 0.08 0.099 0.041 -0.054 0.048 0.09 0.136 0.183 -0.056 0.05 0.091 0.1381980 0.079 0.099 0.046 -0.103 0.021 0.089 0.141 0.185 -0.109 0.022 0.09 0.1411981 0.089 0.106 0.06 -0.125 0.007 0.086 0.133 0.177 -0.137 0.007 0.086 0.1331982 0.076 0.083 0.062 -0.344 -0.061 0.06 0.118 0.164 -0.347 -0.062 0.059 0.1181983 0.075 0.066 0.098 -0.267 -0.066 0.058 0.113 0.153 -0.27 -0.068 0.057 0.1121984 0.074 0.071 0.08 -0.343 -0.069 0.06 0.116 0.16 -0.346 -0.072 0.058 0.1161985 0.078 0.056 0.09 -0.414 -0.097 0.047 0.103 0.154 -0.419 -0.1 0.045 0.1041986 0.075 0.057 0.085 -0.444 -0.109 0.044 0.102 0.144 -0.455 -0.115 0.043 0.1021987 0.07 0.064 0.074 -0.372 -0.1 0.046 0.098 0.138 -0.375 -0.108 0.045 0.0981988 0.076 0.073 0.078 -0.408 -0.099 0.051 0.1 0.144 -0.423 -0.108 0.048 0.0991989 0.073 0.072 0.074 -0.376 -0.089 0.049 0.102 0.148 -0.39 -0.095 0.048 0.1011990 0.075 0.061 0.087 -0.358 -0.057 0.05 0.1 0.144 -0.369 -0.067 0.048 0.0991991 0.042 0.039 0.045 -0.341 -0.092 0.046 0.094 0.137 -0.352 -0.099 0.045 0.0941992 0.05 0.042 0.059 -0.352 -0.1 0.048 0.096 0.138 -0.361 -0.108 0.046 0.0971993 0.047 0.041 0.055 -0.412 -0.13 0.043 0.094 0.138 -0.432 -0.139 0.041 0.0931994 0.052 0.038 0.067 -0.467 -0.131 0.049 0.095 0.136 -0.47 -0.147 0.046 0.0951995 0.046 0.041 0.053 -0.379 -0.102 0.044 0.091 0.133 -0.39 -0.113 0.042 0.0911996 0.04 0.033 0.046 -0.405 -0.131 0.034 0.087 0.133 -0.426 -0.145 0.032 0.0861997 0.036 0.02 0.05 -0.492 -0.167 0.033 0.084 0.129 -0.518 -0.189 0.029 0.0841998 0.036 0.022 0.048 -0.482 -0.16 0.031 0.081 0.122 -0.508 -0.18 0.027 0.0811999 0.02 -0.012 0.038 -0.507 -0.191 0.003 0.073 0.115 -0.529 -0.201 -0.008 0.0712000 -0.034 -0.088 -0.008 -0.712 -0.286 -0.052 0.062 0.113 -0.758 -0.329 -0.07 0.06

Firms Seasoned > 10 Years

-0.7

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

E/A

Firms Seasoned > 5 Years

-0.7

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

E/A

Figures 5a and 5c – Profitability of Firms Seasoned More Than Five Years and More Than Ten Years

Page 20: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

E/A for All New Lists of the Last 5 Years File is Profitability for New Lists IPOs and Not IPOs_wout Money_60.dat

----- ------- All ----- ------- ---- ------- Small -----All Small Big 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 10% 25% 50% 75%

1968 0.081 0.084 0.078 0.042 0.063 0.082 0.106 0.146 0.042 0.063 0.085 0.1131969 0.077 0.081 0.073 0.045 0.063 0.082 0.104 0.132 0.044 0.063 0.083 0.1051970 0.07 0.073 0.066 0.015 0.052 0.078 0.105 0.133 0.013 0.051 0.078 0.1051971 0.07 0.075 0.064 0.02 0.052 0.075 0.098 0.128 0.013 0.051 0.076 0.11972 0.072 0.076 0.067 0.034 0.056 0.077 0.101 0.131 0.034 0.055 0.077 0.1021973 0.079 0.084 0.074 0.035 0.061 0.083 0.106 0.143 0.035 0.06 0.083 0.1081974 0.081 0.083 0.079 0.025 0.06 0.086 0.116 0.153 0.023 0.059 0.086 0.1161975 0.073 0.086 0.059 -0.014 0.052 0.084 0.113 0.15 -0.016 0.052 0.085 0.1141976 0.074 0.099 0.061 0.017 0.062 0.092 0.122 0.161 0.018 0.062 0.093 0.1231977 0.08 0.094 0.07 0.031 0.063 0.097 0.129 0.177 0.032 0.063 0.097 0.131978 0.083 0.105 0.053 0.026 0.07 0.105 0.142 0.194 0.026 0.071 0.106 0.1431979 0.08 0.099 0.041 -0.054 0.048 0.09 0.136 0.183 -0.056 0.05 0.091 0.1381980 0.079 0.099 0.046 -0.103 0.021 0.089 0.141 0.185 -0.109 0.022 0.09 0.1411981 0.089 0.106 0.06 -0.125 0.007 0.086 0.133 0.177 -0.137 0.007 0.086 0.1331982 0.076 0.083 0.062 -0.344 -0.061 0.06 0.118 0.164 -0.347 -0.062 0.059 0.1181983 0.075 0.066 0.098 -0.267 -0.066 0.058 0.113 0.153 -0.27 -0.068 0.057 0.1121984 0.074 0.071 0.08 -0.343 -0.069 0.06 0.116 0.16 -0.346 -0.072 0.058 0.1161985 0.078 0.056 0.09 -0.414 -0.097 0.047 0.103 0.154 -0.419 -0.1 0.045 0.1041986 0.075 0.057 0.085 -0.444 -0.109 0.044 0.102 0.144 -0.455 -0.115 0.043 0.1021987 0.07 0.064 0.074 -0.372 -0.1 0.046 0.098 0.138 -0.375 -0.108 0.045 0.0981988 0.076 0.073 0.078 -0.408 -0.099 0.051 0.1 0.144 -0.423 -0.108 0.048 0.0991989 0.073 0.072 0.074 -0.376 -0.089 0.049 0.102 0.148 -0.39 -0.095 0.048 0.1011990 0.075 0.061 0.087 -0.358 -0.057 0.05 0.1 0.144 -0.369 -0.067 0.048 0.0991991 0.042 0.039 0.045 -0.341 -0.092 0.046 0.094 0.137 -0.352 -0.099 0.045 0.0941992 0.05 0.042 0.059 -0.352 -0.1 0.048 0.096 0.138 -0.361 -0.108 0.046 0.0971993 0.047 0.041 0.055 -0.412 -0.13 0.043 0.094 0.138 -0.432 -0.139 0.041 0.0931994 0.052 0.038 0.067 -0.467 -0.131 0.049 0.095 0.136 -0.47 -0.147 0.046 0.0951995 0.046 0.041 0.053 -0.379 -0.102 0.044 0.091 0.133 -0.39 -0.113 0.042 0.0911996 0.04 0.033 0.046 -0.405 -0.131 0.034 0.087 0.133 -0.426 -0.145 0.032 0.0861997 0.036 0.02 0.05 -0.492 -0.167 0.033 0.084 0.129 -0.518 -0.189 0.029 0.0841998 0.036 0.022 0.048 -0.482 -0.16 0.031 0.081 0.122 -0.508 -0.18 0.027 0.0811999 0.02 -0.012 0.038 -0.507 -0.191 0.003 0.073 0.115 -0.529 -0.201 -0.008 0.0712000 -0.034 -0.088 -0.008 -0.712 -0.286 -0.052 0.062 0.113 -0.758 -0.329 -0.07 0.06

New Lists

-0.7

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

E/A

All Firms

-0.7

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

E/A

Figures 4b and 6a – Profitability of Firms Listed within Last Five Years and All Firms

Page 21: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Figures 7a and 7b – Growth of All Firms and Firms Seasoned More Than Five Years

All Firms

-0.3

0.2

0.7

1.2

1.7

2.2

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

dA/A

Seasoned Firms

-0.3

0.2

0.7

1.2

1.7

2.2

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

dA/A

Page 22: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Figures 7a and 7c – Growth of All Firms and Firms Listed within Last Five Years

All Firms

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

dA/A

New Lists

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

dA/A

Page 23: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Figures 7c and 8c – Growth of All New Lists and Big New Lists of the Last Five Years

Big New Lists

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

dA/A

All New Lists

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

dA/A

Page 24: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Figures 8a and 8b – Growth of IPOs and Non-IPO New Lists of the Last Five Years

Non-IPO New Lists

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

dA/A

IPOs

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

dA/A

Page 25: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Figures 9a and 9b – Growth of IPOs and Non-IPO New Lists in Year After Listing

IPOs

-2

3

8

13

18

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

dA/A

Non-IPO New Lists

-2

3

8

13

18

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

dA/A

Page 26: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Figure 10a - Percent of New Lists and Seasoned Firms Trading Ten Years Later

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991

Year

Per

cent

Seasoned

New Lists

Page 27: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Figure 11a - Percent of New Lists and Seasoned Firms Dropped Within Ten Years

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991

Year

Per

cent

New Lists

Seasoned

Page 28: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Figure 10b - Percent of IPOs and Non-IPO New Lists Trading Ten Years Later

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991

Year

Per

cen

t

IPOs

Non-IPOs

Page 29: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Figure 11b - Percent of IPOs and Non-IPO New Lists Dropped Within Ten Years

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991

Year

Per

cen

t

Non-IPOs

IPOs

Page 30: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Table 4a – Average Profitability for Seasoned Firms and New Lists that Survive, Merge, or Delist

Seasoned Firms IPOs Non-IPO New Lists

# 5 3 1 # 5 3 1 # 5 3 1

Firms that Survive at Least another N x 12 Months

73-79 2292 8.1 8.1 8.1 9 12.0 11.9 11.8 76 7.3 7.4 7.5

80-89 1925 8.5 8.4 8.4 421 9.4 9.2 8.9 210 6.7 6.7 6.6

90-00 2098 6.1 6.3 6.2 748 6.0 5.4 4.6 181 4.7 4.8 4.4

Firms that Merge within N x 12 Months

73-79 452 7.9 8.1 8.1 1 13.8 13.3 0.0 10 9.4 10.5 6.6

80-89 490 7.7 7.7 7.5 88 8.7 8.2 5.4 36 7.3 6.2 4.2

90-00 489 5.0 5.0 4.4 219 6.2 5.3 2.3 36 2.8 2.6 0.5

Firms that Delist for Cause within N x 12 Months

73-79 114 4.8 3.5 0.7 3 -45.4 -29.8 -145.9 7 7.4 2.2 -34.1

80-89 215 2.9 2.0 -3.9 101 1.5 -0.2 -25.2 82 -0.9 -3.1 -6.6

90-00 307 -1.6 -4.2 -10.4 158 -1.2 -6.2 -34.1 89 -6.2 -12.4 -23.4

Page 31: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Table 4b – Average Growth for Seasoned Firms and New Lists that Survive, Merge, or Delist

Seasoned Firms IPOs Non-IPO New Lists

5 3 1 5 3 1 5 3 1

Firms that Survive at Least another N x 12 Months

73-79 11.8 11.8 11.7 24.4 24.1 24.1 23.0 23.5 24.5

80-89 10.2 10.2 10.1 39.2 38.9 38.5 16.8 17.5 17.4

90-00 5.9 7.0 8.1 23.1 26.9 29.3 7.3 8.8 13.1

Firms that Merge within N x 12 Months

73-79 10.6 10.3 8.4 38.4 38.2 0.0 32.6 31.8 21.6

80-89 8.0 7.2 4.9 35.2 33.3 46.4 18.2 11.8 6.6

90-00 6.3 4.6 4.9 25.2 20.4 17.7 7.0 6.2 28.5

Firms that Delist for Cause within N x 12 Months

73-79 7.0 3.2 -1.7 -27.9 48.8 -67.7 30.6 69.4 -9.0

80-89 8.2 11.0 -6.4 56.8 70.8 27.0 25.2 24.3 -3.0

90-00 2.0 3.7 -7.4 20.2 22.3 -14.3 11.3 17.9 12.5

Page 32: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

Summary

• There is a flood of new lists in 1980s and 1990s.

• New list profitability becomes progressively more disperse and left skewed.

• Growth becomes more disperse and right skewed.

• There is a sharp decline in new list survival rates.

• Seasoned firms acquire subdued versions of these characteristics.

Page 33: New Lists and Seasoned Firms: Fundamentals and Survival Rates

What Caused the Changes?

• Improved governance?

• Reductions in holding costs or trading costs?

• But there is not a shift toward smaller firms.

• Shift of R&D from old firms to start-ups?

• Lower expected stock returns?