new jersey; rain garden research and current issues: green infrastructure solutions for new jersey

8/3/2019 New Jersey; Rain Garden Research and Current Issues: Green Infrastructure Solutions for New Jersey

1/22

RainGarden

Research

and

CurrentIssues

MichaelDietz,Ph.D.CT

NEMO

|Cooperative

Extension

Univ.ofConnecticut

ManagingStormwaterfromImperviousSurfaces:GreenInfrastructureSolutionsforNewJersey

TheHeldrich|NewBrunswick,NJ

January27,2011


2/22

Monitoring-Began November 2002


3/22

Installation:919

02


4/22


5/22

RainGarden

Materials

Detail

(BasedonPGCRGManual,2001)

Threenative

shrub

species:

Chokeberry(Aroniaprunifolia)Winterberry(Ilexverticillata)Compact

inkberry

(Ilexglabracompacta)

Nativesoilmix

Loamysand

Roughly5cmofbarkmulch


6/22

MonitoringEquipment


7/22

Methods

Labanalysisofwatersamplesfor:

NitrateN,ammoniaN,totalKjeldahlN,total

phosphorus,

copper,

lead,

zinc

Waterlevelineachgardenmeasured

Temperaturemeasuredatinletandoutlet

(underdrains)

Weeklymeasurementsofsoilmoisture,redoxpotential(Eh),andfrostdepth


8/22

Flowbalance

cm % of Inflow

Inflow

Roof Runoff 1202 79.7

Precipitation 306 20.3

Total 1507Outflow

Underdrain 1438 95.4

Overflow 13 0.8

Total 1451

Residual 56 3.7

99%ofinflowretained!


9/22

Perc ent retention

NO3-N NH3-N TKN TP TN ON

g

Total In388 30 250 9 647 211

Total Out 128 5 186 20 316 181

% Retention 67 82 26 -108 51 14

-Two years of results (year 1 much less)

-Remember: 99% of inflow was retained


10/22

Tota l Phosphorus

R2 = 0.47

R2

= 0.06

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

Sep-02 Dec-02 Mar-03 Jun-03 Oct-03 Jan-04 Apr-04 Aug-04 Nov-04 Feb-05

Date

TotalPhosphorus(mg/L)

Roof runoff

Underdrain average

Exponential (Underdrain average)

Linear (Roof runoff)


11/22

Comparisonwith

other

research

ConsistentwithNorthCarolina Hunt

et

al.,

2006.

Evaluating

bioretention

hydrology

and

nutrient

removal

at

three

field

sitesinNorthCarolina.JournalofIrrigationandDrainageEngineering,Vol.132(6),pp.600608.

Consistent(N)&inconsistent(P)with

Maryland Davisetal.,2006.Waterqualityimprovementthroughbioretentionmedia:nitrogenandphosphorusremoval.WaterEnvironmentResearch,Vol.78(3),pp.284293.

ConsistentwithNewHampshire Roseen,

et

al.,

2009.

Seasonal

performance

variations

for

storm

water

management

systemsincoldclimateconditions.JournalofEnvironmentalEngineering,Vol.135(3),pp.128137.

Lotsofvariabilityinresults!


12/22

Secondyear

ModificationtoencouragedenitrificationandincreasetreatmentofNO3N

Saturatedzonecreatedinbottomofrain

garden(afterKim,etal.,2004)


13/22

Modification

Pondingdepth


14/22

1 m

Monitoring

tank

Saturatedzone

Underdrain


15/22

NostatisticallysignificantreductioninNO3N

concentrationsLotsofsamplesbelowdetectionlimit

Percentof

outflow

samples

below

detection

before/afterchange:

Before=19%

After=56%

Significantusingchisquarestatistic

Impacton

NO3

N


16/22

Whathappens

in

the

winter?


17/22

Frost

Tube

After Ricard, et al. (1976)


18/22

Frost

Tube

Detail


19/22

Winterperformance

Measuredfrostdepth

Didnot

impact

annual

performance

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cq6WB6VKeac

SimilarfindingsatUNHStormwaterCenter

Roseen,et

al.,

2009.

Seasonal

performance

variations

for

storm

water

management

systemsincoldclimateconditions.JournalofEnvironmentalEngineering,Vol.135(3),pp.128137.


20/22

SomeCurrent

Issues

Filterfabric

use

DONTUSEINBIORETENTION!

Pronetoclogging

Sizing

Waterquality

volume

vs.

curve

number

vs.

?


21/22

ThankYou!!

Questions??

[email protected]


22/22

Twoyear

ANOVA/mean

separation

Bulk Underdrain Overflow1

Variable n Unit Deposition Roof Runoff Treatment Control Treatment ControlNO3-N

***73 mg L

-10.7 bcd 0.9 abc 0.2 d 0.4 cd 2.0 ab 2.1 a

NH3-N***

78 mg L-1

0.04 a 0.04 a 0.01 b 0.01 b 0.08 a 0.04 a

TKNns

79 mg L-1

0.5 a 0.6 a 0.4 a 0.5 a 0.6 a 0.3 a

TN***

72 mg L-1

1.3 abc 1.6 ab 0.7 c 0.9 bc 2.7 a 2.4 a

ON

ns

77mg L

-1

0.4 a 0.5 a 0.4 a 0.5 a 0.5 a 0.2 aTP

***80 mg L

-10.009 b 0.015 b 0.039 a 0.043 a 0.009 b 0.016 b

Cutotalns

26 g L-1

3 a 5 a 3 a 4 a 3 a -

Pbtotalns

26 g L-1

3 a 3 a 3 a 3 a 3 a -

Zntotalns

26 g L-1

11 a 9 a 10 a 5 a 8 a -

*** p=0.001

ns=ANOVA comparison non significant1n=4 for overflow samples

Meansfollowedbythesameletterarenotsignificantlydifferentatp=0.05

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