new industries, new inventions copy words in red onto the blanks in your notes
TRANSCRIPT
More events in the Industrial
Revolution1837 - Samuel Morse invents the
magnetic telegraph1851 - The Bessemer steel-making
process is developed1857 - A New York department store
installs the first safety elevator1859 - The first oil well is drilled1868 - Christopher Sholes invents the first
practical typewriter
1869 - The first transcontinental railway is completed in the United States
1879 - Thomas Edison perfects an incandescent light bulb
1885 - Karl Benz builds one of the first gasoline-powered automobiles
1885 - The first skyscraper is built in Chicago
1903 - The Wright Brothers make the first successful airplane
1908 - The first Model T Ford is built.
What is Industrialization?
• Industrialization: the process of using power-driven machinery to manufacture goods.
• Industrial Revolution: period of time during the 1700s & 1800s where we changed from human power to machine power -- not a sudden change, but a BIG change!
U.S. Birthday
• 1876 - United States celebrated it’s Centennial (100-year anniversary)
• Birthday party was the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia
• Millions of people came to see new American advancements in art, science, & technology.
Why did industry grow?
RailroadsMade it possible to exchange materials & goods across the country
Inventions
New ideas made the U.S. an industrial giant. More patents (guarantees an inventor all profits for his or her invention for a certain length of time) were issued. 1860 - 1900 = 650,000 patents issued.
Growing Industry cont.
Natural Resources
A LOT of mineral wealth, including coal, iron ore, and oil. Forests, water resources, and fertile land also important.
Human Talent
1860 - 1900 = U.S. population doubled (31 million to 76 million) (14 million immigrants)
Capital (profit)
Banks & wealthy people lended their money to businesses for factories, buildings, and railroads.
Steel Industry
• Steel = iron alloy (mixture of iron and other metals)
• Long been used for knives, swords, or guns but was very expensive to make
• 1860s Bessemer process = make iron into steel at a low cost (used a converter to blow hot air through molten pig iron)
Steel Industry cont.
• Nation’s steel output increased 10 times between 1877 and 1892
• Greatest demand for steel = railroads• 1882 90% of all steel made went
into making railroad rails • Coal = needed fuel• Coal & iron mining/steel making
Electricity
• 1800s = learned how to make electricity with an electrical generator
• 1890s = Nikola Tesla (Croatia immigrant) used generators to harness the power of Niagra Falls to create electricity
Thomas Edison
• Wanted to invent useful things• 1876 = set up workshop in Menlo
Park, New Jersey to find new ways to use electricity
• 1879 = improved the lightbulb• By 1882 some New York City
buildings were using electric light
• Electric lighting replaced gas lights quickly
• 1899 = Edison’s factory produced 25 million light bulbs
• Also developed the dictating machine, motion-picture camera, and phonograph (music player)
Communication & Electricity
• 1840s = telegraph stations increased in Europe & the United States
• 1866 = telegraph cable was laid under the Atlantic Ocean (crazy!!!)
• Alexander Graham Bell, Scottish immigrant, created a device to send sound and not just electrical signals…
Bell & the Telephone
• Bell showed off his telephone at the 1876 Centennial Exposition
• 1877 = telephone lines connected Boston & Salem in Massachusetts
• By 1890s = many American cities connected by long-distance telephone lines
Changes in Everyday Life
• Companies began mass-producing items people had once made for themselves
• 1878 = Procter & Gamble accidentally made a bath soap that floated = Ivory Soap
• Ready-made clothing could be bought in new Department stores (women’s clothes were mass produced -- everyone could now wear the latest fashions!)
• R.H. Macy founded in New York City• Marshall Field founded in Chicago• Department Stores offered customers a
wide variety of brands• Chain stores were created & made low-
cost goods available in small towns.• People living far from stores could also
order from catalogs --- Sears, Roebuck, or Montgomery Ward (yay shopping!!!!)