New Ideas and New Ideas and InventionsInventions

Chapter 11 Lesson 4Pages 452-457

BrainstormBrainstorm

What are some GREAT inventions you can think of.

How have they made an impact on society?

ObjectivesObjectives

Explain how canals, steamboats, and railroads improved transportation and shipping

Describe how new inventions led to the Industrial Revolution

1700’s1700’s

What were forms of transportation used?

How did this affect the lives of people?

TRANSPORTATITRANSPORTATIONONEarly 1800’s

Appalachians – difficult to transport goods to the east.

Congress votes to build a National Road

1818 – Connects Maryland to West Virginia

Slow & Expensive

BOATS – Cheaper & Faster than by Land

Problem: Rivers had changes in elevation along with rapids and waterfalls making boat travel impossible in some locations

Solution. . .Solution. . .

CANALS – a human-made waterway that connects bodies of waters.

1817 – NY Governor, DeWitt Clinton, begins work on the Erie Canal (Lake Erie to Hudson River)

The Erie The Erie CanalCanal8 years to build363 miles long83 locksConnected: Great Lakes to the Atlantic OceanCut shipping time & cost

Example:Goods from Buffalo to NYC cut from 20 days to 8 daysCost: $100 to $10

LOCK LOCK SYSTEMSYSTEMHolds a section of water by two gates.

One gate is opened, the water raises or lowers the boat to the next level of water.

This is how the boats traveled through different elevation levels.

Pictures of Miami – Erie CanalPictures of Miami – Erie Canal

Canal boats are pulled by mules.

Here the boat is inside the lock and will be lowering down due to elevation change.

The canal boat continues to lower due to the water level changing by opening a lock gate.

How did the Erie Canal How did the Erie Canal change trade in the change trade in the

nation?nation?It cut travel time and cost to transport goods.

What is a canal?What is a canal?A human-made waterway that connects bodies of water.

STEAM ENGINESTEAM ENGINE

Steamboats Railroads

1807Robert FultonUsed the Steam

engine to power his boat Clermont

Steamboats quickly become primary mode of travel on large rivers.

1830 Peter Cooper Built 1st American

locomotive – Tom Thumb Steam is used to power

the locomotive over iron rails.

Grew rapidly – cheaper than steamboat travel

1850 – over 9,000 miles of track

Steam EnginesSteam Engines

Creates energy by heating liquid water into steam, which is trapped, creating pressure. Releasing the trapped steam causes pistons to move up and down. These are connected to rods, which are connected to wheels that turn as the pistons move.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

1800’SNew inventions & travel changed thinkingMachines are used to do work only done

by hand until nowGoods made quickly and cheaperThis change in manufacturing became

known as The Industrial Revolution.

BritainBritain

Industrial Revolution started in BritainMachines that spun thread into clothPlaced in factories – Called MILLSWater powered the machinesWanted it kept secret.Machines & the workers were never

allowed to leave Britain.

A spy within. . .A spy within. . .

Samuel Slater, mill worker

Memorized every detail of the machine and mill

Sneaked aboard a ship to U.S.

1793 – Slater along with Moses Brown built 1st American textile mill in Pawtucket, RI

Change in U.SChange in U.S..

Slater & Brown’s Mill marks the start of large scale manufacturing in the United States.

People stop working at home and start working in factories.

Most workers are women and children.

1814 – Francis 1814 – Francis Cabot LowellCabot Lowell

Mill in Waltham, Mass.

Did all jobs to make raw cotton into finished cloth.

Workers lived in nearby houses owned by the mill.

Factory effects . . .Factory effects . . .

Most factories in the NorthMen, Women, and Children worked Lowell mill paid only $12 a monthBut better than poor farm workEuropean immigrants arrived and settled

near factoriesSouth remained agricultural

COTTON GINCOTTON GIN

1793

Eli Whitney

Removes seeds from cotton (until now done by hand)

Effect: more enslaved workers needed

InterchangeaInterchangeable Partsble Parts

Eli Whitney

Parts that are made exactly alike

Used interchangeable parts for guns

Until now, made one at a time by a skilled worker

Effect: Now could be mass produced.

Mechanical Mechanical ReaperReaper

1832

Cyrus McCormick

Used to harvest grain

Steel PlowSteel Plow

1837

John Deere

Steel plow allowed farmers to cut through heavy soil in Midwest.

TelegraphTelegraph

1837

Samuel F.B. Morse

Sent messages along a wire using a dot and dash code system

This becomes known as Morse Code

CauseCause: Because of the : Because of the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Effect: Many people moved from farms to cities to work. The U.S. was becoming an industrial power.

How did railroads How did railroads improve life for people in improve life for people in

the U.S.?the U.S.?They made it easier to ship goods and for people to

travel.

What invention led to the What invention led to the increase of slaves on increase of slaves on

plantations?plantations?Cotton Gin

Give an example of how a new Give an example of how a new invention of the Industrial invention of the Industrial

Revolution changed the lives of Revolution changed the lives of Americans?Americans?

Cotton Gin – made it possible to remove the seeds from cotton faster. This results in increased crop production and the need for slaves.Interchangeable Parts – made it easier to mass produce weapons, which reduced their cost for initial production and to replace parts as needed.