new horizon college english unit 1, book

New Horizon College English Unit 1, Book

新视野大学英语①

WritingCause and EffectCause and Effect

渤海大学外语教研部史梅

Contents

I. Pre-tasks Discussing the following questions before class.

II. During tasks Give the answers to all discussing questions. Basic Knowledge of how to write a good paragraph

. Do the following exercises. Unit Writing Analysis Writing ModelIII. Post tasks Finish the writing exercises on P11. Sample of writing on text book.

Discussion Questions

What main characteristics should a good paragraph have? ①

What are the three factors of writing a good paragraph? ②

What are the three factors of writing a good topic sentence? ③

What main characteristics should a good topic sentence have? ④

Give the answers to all questions-1.

What main characteristics should a good paragraph have?

A good paragraph has main characteristics: one central idea, unity, coherence. A paragraph, limiting itself to only one center of interest , can develop fully. When every SS is relevant to the central idea , a paragraph has unity.


What are the three factors of writing a good paragraph?

整个段落只有一个主题。段落中所有的句子紧紧围绕同一个中心

思想展开。中心思想的叙述合乎逻辑地、一句接一

句地、前后连贯地展开。


What are the three factors of writing a good topic sentence? 语法正确；具有概括性、指向性和限定性，达到概

括性和具体性的统一；含有表达致力点即主导思想的词或词组

。


What main characteristics should a good topic sentence have?

能迅速引出主题；限制了主题的范围，既不笼统不琐碎；阐述了作者的观点和态度。

Basic Knowledge of writing -1. 一个好段落应具备哪三个特征 ?

一个中心思想 (one central idea ) 一体性 ( unity ) 连贯性 (coherence)

写好段落的三要素是什么 ? 整个段落只有一个主题。段落中所有的句子紧紧围绕同一个中心思想展

开。中心思想的叙述合乎逻辑地、一句接一句地、

前后连贯地展开。

Basic Knowledge of writing -2.

怎样写好段落 ? 写好主题句。处理好段落中句子与句子之间要有逻辑关系。

写好主题句的三个要素是什么 ? 语法正确；具有概括性、指向性和限定性，达到概括性

和具体性的统一；含有表达致力点即主导思想的词或词组。

Basic Knowledge of writing -3.

一个好主题句应具备哪三个特征 ? 能迅速引出主题；限制了主题的范围，既不笼统不琐碎；阐述了作者的观点和态度。

写好段落的方法段落由句子构成，但它不是若干句子的随意堆

积，而是遵循一定的逻辑，和谐统一地组织起来的。一个好的段落必须只有一个中心思想；必须具有整体性和连贯性。

Basic Knowledge of writing -4. 好段落应具备的特征：

一个中心思想 (one central idea)一体性 (unity)连贯性 (coherence)

写好段落的三要素：整个段落只有一个主题段落中所有的句子紧紧围绕同一个中心

思想展开。中心思想的叙述合乎逻辑地、一句接一

句地、前后连贯地展开。

3.Do the following exercises-1.

When you explain the reasons why something happens by writing, you are having a cause and effect writing. Read the following passage and tell the cause and effect.

Do the following exercises-2.

Sample 1 Do you know why winter is colder than summe

r? One reason is that there are fewer hours of s

unlight in winter. But there is another reason. Winter sunlight i

s cooler. It is the same sun, and it shines just as bright as in the summer time, and yet the earth gets less heat from it.

(effect) (cause 1) (cause 2) ( 先果后因，多因一果 )


Sample 2

Shopping online has many advantages. First, the web-stores can keep customers updated about the best selling products. Second, they can provide customers with a wider range of choices. Third, it is very convenient and time-saving. I enjoy shopping online very much.


Write a paragraph. Before writing it, write an outline.

1.Topic: Why Do You Study English?

Topic sentence: I want to study English for different reasons.

Points : 1) _______________.

2) _______________.

3) _______________.


2.Topic: Why Do You Enjoy Music?

Topic sentence: I am crazy about music for many reasons.

Points:1) __________________.

2) __________________.

3) __________________.


3. Topic: My Ideal Job Topic sentence: My ideal job is to be an

English teacher, and I want to stay in that profession for different reasons.

Points:1) __________________. 2) __________________. 3) __________________.

Cause & Effect RelationCause & Effect Relation

Para. 2 Topic: My learning experience in junior middle school

Cause I had a kind and patient teacher who often praised all of the students.

Effect

Because of this positive method, I eagerly answered all the questions I could, never worrying much about making mistakes. I was at the top of my class for two years.


Which words or phrases could show cause-and-effect relations?

Cause because of, due to, owing to, as, since, because, now that, on account of, for, etc.

Effect so, therefore, as a result, consequently,in consequence, accordingly, hence, thus, etc.


Topic: peer pressure

Cause

used to be a top student in senior high school, praised by teachers, envied by peers; a lot of talented peers in college, poor in academic performance

Effect from a hero to a zero

Peer Pressure

Since I attend college, I feel more and more peer pressure. While I used to be a top student in senior high school, and was always praised by teachers and envied by peers, now I find there are a lot of talented peers in college and I am temporarily and relatively poor in academic performance. Therefore, I feel that I have changed from a hero to a zero.

Doing Sth.—My Most Rewarding Experience( 理由陈述 )

Ⅵ. Writing Model

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Ⅵ. Writing Model

1) As one of my most rewarding experiences, doing something has brought a lot of benefits to my life.

（划线部分可替换）

2)2) For one For onething, …thing, …(( 理由理由 I)I) 3)3)Unlike…,Unlike…, it it offersoffers me me much much freedomfreedom to to……

Detail 1

4)4) For For another…another…(( 理由理由 II)II) 5)5)ThroughThrough……, I have, I havemore more chanceschances to to… …

Detail 2

6) 6) And the And the most most amazing amazing result of result of doing sodoing so is that…is that…(( 理由理由 III) III) 7)7)Now I Now I tend totend to … …

Detail 3

8) 8) In In sumsum, , there is notthere is notanything in anything in ……((my lifemy life))that is that is moremorebeneficialbeneficial than than doing doing sth.sth.

Conclusion

Topic Sentence

写作模式

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1) As one of my most rewarding experiences, chatting online has brought a lot of benefits to my life. 2) For one thing, it helps me avoid nervousness and embarrassment I used to feel in regular talks. 3) Unlike the face-to-face conversation, it offers me much freedom in time to think out my ideas and prepare them well before posting them on the screen. 4) For another,

Reference model:

Chatting Online —My Most Rewarding Experience

Ⅵ. Writing Model

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it adds no little to the improvement of my English. 5) Through online chatting, I have more chances to speak with native speakers, thus bathing myself in the sea of genuine English. 6) The most valuable result of chatting online is that it gives me insights into other cultures and keeps my mind open to better ways of seeing things. 7) Now I tend to see things from a more objective

Ⅵ. Writing Model

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THE ENDTHE ENDTHE ENDTHE END

Ⅵ. Writing Model

perspective. 8) In short, there is not anything in my free time that is more beneficial than chatting online.

new horizon college english unit 1, book

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