new holland t9 700 smartrax ii (682 hp) - lapmec€¦ · 6 grain cart considerations 500 bu. 2,000...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: New Holland T9 700 SmarTrax II (682 hp) - LAPMEC€¦ · 6 Grain Cart Considerations 500 bu. 2,000 bu. 0,0 20,0 40,0 60,0 80,0 100,0 120,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 h) Grain Cart](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041006/5eac2a4e5b59f0604477fea9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Automation in Agricultural Field Production
S.A. Shearer
Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering
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Fendt 1050 Vario (396 to 517 hp) - MAN 12.7 L
First fixed-frame tractor over 500 hp!
http://farmindustrynews.comhttp://www.used-fendt-tractors.com
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New Holland T9 700 SmarTrax II (682 hp)
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Trends in Ballasted Tractor Weight
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Grain cart technology?
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Grain Cart Considerations
500 bu.
2,000 bu.
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
120,0
10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0S
ys
tem
Ha
rve
st
Ca
pa
cit
y (
mT
/h)
Grain Cart Capacity (mT)
Class 7 Class 9 Class 10 Class 12
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Grain Cart Compaction
Wheeled - 96,000 lbsEqualizer - 104,800 lbs
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Tracks, tracks, tracks…
(Source: oemoffhighway.com)
(Source: northernequipment.ca)
(Source: bourgault.com)
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Yield Map Resolution Enhancement
Yield Map Adjusted Map
Yield (bu/ac)
Visible V12
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How big is too big?
http://www.bauerbuiltmfg.com/db-series-planters.html
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Planter Field Efficiency
Source: Taylor, R.K., M.D. Schrock and S.A. Staggenborg. 2001. Using GPS Technology to Assist
Machinery Management Decisions. Meeting Paper MC01-204, Mid-Central Conference of the ASAE.
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How fast is too fast?
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13
How fast is too fast?
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How fast is too fast?
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Off-Highway Emissions – DPF and DEF
http://www.doosaninfracore.comhttp://www.doosaninfracore.com
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Global Emission Regulations
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0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
0 1000 2000 3000
Tech
no
log
y C
ost
($)
Hours of Use
Analysis for 157 kW Tractor(33% Depreciation Rate)
Te
ch
no
log
y
Dep
rec
iati
on
Generation
Interval
Mechanical Life and Technical Obsolescence
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Mechanical Life vs. Technical Obsolescence
Modern Agricultural Tractor
• An 8R coming out of Waterloo should have a mechanical life of
20,000 h.
• In the Midwest this tractor will likely be used 500 h/yr.
• Mechanical life of the tractor might exceed 40 yrs.
Smart Phone
• Apple iPhone history: 1st Generation - 2007; 3G - 2008; 3GS -
2009; 4 - 2010; 4S – 2011; 5 – 2012; 5C and 5S – 2013; 6 and
6+ 2014; 6S and 6S+ - 2015; and SE – 2016.
• Which model do most people carry today?
• What is “expected life” of an iPhone?
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7R and 8R - Bread and Butter (35% Margin)
(Source: www.deere.com)
7210R - 210 hp
7230R - 230 hp
7250R - 250 hp
7270R - 270 hp
7290R - 290 hp
7310R - 310 hp
8245R - 245 hp
8270R - 270 hp
8295R - 295 hp
8320R - 320 hp
8345R - 345 hp
8370R - 370 hp
8400R - 400 hp
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Hybrid Placement
• 24 bits per pixel
• 2.5 cm/pixel
• 17.2 MB/ac of image data
• 4.9 kB/plant (corn)/yr
• If 35,000 plants/acre (corn)
• 429 GB for 2,500 acres
• 10 x data rate
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Late Season N Application – Yield 360
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See and Spray - Blue River Technology
https://www.wired.com
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(Source: http://www.cleanseedcapital.com/index.html)
Biological Controls – Clean Seed
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Verizon 4G and 5G Availability
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http://www.masomagroup.com
http://www.womp-int.com
Automation in Other Sectors
http://futurehumanevolution.com
http://readwrite.com
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Collision Avoidance Sensing
Velodyne LiDAR• 100 m Range
• 300,000 pts/s
• 360° Horizontal FOV
• ± 15° Vertical FOV
ASI Forecast 3D Laser• Vertical spinning function
grants a planar LiDAR
sensor
• Sick LMS 511
• 40 m at 10% rem, 80 m at
40%, 190 degree FOV
O3M 3D Smart
Sensor
IR Illumination
Unit
ifm’s PMD Time-Of-Flight Collision Detection
(http://www.ifm.com/)
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CNH Industrial and ASI Team Up
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ASI Mobius Solution
https://www.asirobots.com/platforms/mobius/
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Tx-Message frame
Unique ID Destination ID States Time stamp Status
1 2,3 (x1+b,y1,ө1,v1),(x1+b,y1-L,ө1,v1) t1 1,0
Onboard-message frame
Unique ID States Status Time stamp
2 x1,y1,ө1,v1 1 t1
Rx-message frame
Unique ID Source ID States Time stamp Status
2 1 (x1+b,y1,ө1,v1) t1 1
Onboard-message frame
Unique ID States Status Time stamp
2 x2,y2,ө2,v2 1 t2
Rx-message frame
Unique ID Source ID States Time stamp Status
3 1 (x1+b,y1-L,ө1,v1) t1 0
Onboard-message frame
Unique ID States Status Time stamp
3 x3,y3,ө3,v3 1 t3
CMS database
Unique IDStates Status
Time
stamp
1 x1,y1,ө1,v1 1 t1
2 x2,y2,ө2,v2 1 t2
3 x3,y3,ө3,v3 1 t3
Tx Rx
CMS
Broadcast
Broadcast
Broadcast
Grain Harvester Robot (GHR)
Grain Wagon Robot I (GWR I)
Grain Wagon Robot II (GWR II)Combine
Tx
Rx
Grain Cart II
Tx
Rx
Tx Rx
CMS
b
LGrain Cart I
Tx
Implicit Communication
Broadcasting
Explicit Communication
Point to Point (Continuous)
Point to Multipoint (Continuous)
Rx
Transmit
Receive
Multiple Machine Control Architecture
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Multiple Machine Control Architecture
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Harvard Business Review
“How Smart, Connected Products Are Transforming Competition”
by M.E. Porter and J.E. Heppelmann
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Future of Field Production
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Level of Autonomy
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Sensor Densification vs. Human Operators
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Controls Development
Control Hardware• Onboard Microcontroller - Arduino
Mega 2560 and Raspberry Pi
with Ethernet for control and
communications interface
• Wireless Communications –
Ubiquiti Networks Rocket M
radios, AirMAX Sector antennas
and UniFi video cameras
• Command Center – Dell T7810
Precision Workstation (Dual Intel
Xeon Processor E5-2687W)
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Autonomous Tractor Form Factor
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SwarmFarm - Australia
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Acquiring Farm Machinery Services
Source: https://www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm/crops/html/a3-21.html
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Supply Chain Logistics
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Break-Even Investment Cost for Intelligent,
Autonomous Tractors (Shockley, et al.)
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Gartner Hype Curves
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A few closing thoughts…
• Preferred approach will be supervised autonomy.
• Low-power vehicles will minimize liability (< 50 kW).
• Alleviation of soil compaction likely to drive the adoption of autonomous vehicles (< 3,500 kg).
• Symmetry in field power unit design will simplify manufacturing (flat bed laser, tube laser and
robotic welding)
• Expect a resurgence in spark ignition engines -- emissions and mechanical life will drive
adoption.
• Obsolescence and mechanical life should coincide (5,000 h life or, 5 to 7 cropping seasons).
• Parts inventory and service will be provided via service trucks, minimizing the need for
dealerships.
• True machine intelligence and coordination remain elusive.
• New business models will challenge traditional agriculture – lease, contract farming and
logistics services!
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Questions?