New Generation Conductors

Transmission of Electric Energy

Short History&

Development of Bare HighVoltage Overhead Lines(Bare OHC)

Important Conditions for Bare OHC

Ampacity SAG Tension on the towers Tension in the conductor Temperature of the conductor Boundary conditions

History Bare OHC

Since beginning all conductors were made of Copper

or

Copper Alloys

Reasons: Good Conductivity

Availability

Materials of Bare OHC

Material Density Conductivity TensileStrength

CTE

g/cm3 % IACS MPa X 10 -6 / Co

Copper 8.9 100 450 17

Aluminium 2.7 61 165 23

Steel 7.8 9 1600 11.5

Alloy 2.7 52 325 23

Invar 7.1 14-23 1310 1170

3.7

AAC All Aluminium Conductors

Advantages:Better Conductivity per unit of weight strung.

(Less tension on towers)

Disadvantages:Loses 60% of its strength when overloaded.Has in absolute value less reserve in

strength to overcome wind and ice loading.

Continuous improvement in Bare OHC

ACSR AAAC 6201 AL-59 TACSRGood Conductivity 53.0 % IACS*

ModerateConductivity 52.5%IACS*

Better Conductivity 59% IACS*

Moderate Conductivity 52 % IACS*

Moderate Corrosion Resistance

Better CorrosionResistance

Better CorrosionResistance

Moderate CorrosionResistance

Better Strength toWeight Ratio

Better Strength toWeight Ratio

Good Strength toWeight Ratio

Better Strength toWeight Ratio

Better TensileStrength

Good Tensile Strength Moderate TensileStrength

Better Tensile Strength

Typical ApplicationCommonly used forboth transmission anddistribution circuits.

Typical ApplicationTransmission andDistribution applicationsin corrosiveenvironments, ACSRreplacement.

Typical ApplicationTransmission andDistribution High Ampacityapplications in corrosiveenvironments, ACSRreplacement.

Typical ApplicationTransmission andDistribution High Ampacityapplications in non-corrosive environments,ACSR replacement.

* International Annealed Copper Standard for conductivity

An Overview of Bare

Overhead Transmission

Conductors

Categories of Overhead Conductors

Homogeneous Conductors AAC All Aluminum Conductor AAAC All Aluminum Alloy conductor

Non - Homogeneous Conductors ACSR All Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced ACSR/AW All Aluminum Conductor Al. Clad Steel

Reinforced

TACSR Thermal Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced TACSR/AW Thermal Aluminum Conductor Cl. Steel Reinforced TACIR/AW Thermal Aluminum Conductor Cl. Invar Reinforced AACSR All Aluminum Alloy Conductor Steel

Reinforced

ACAR All Aluminum Conductor Al. Alloy Reinforced ACSS All Aluminum Conductor Steel Supported

Limitations of Present Transmission System

The present Transmission System is overloaded due toEconomic Expansion (Commercial, Industrial and

Residential)

Max. Op. Temp with Existing ACSR Conductors 85 0C

Very High cost to install new Transmission Lines.

Very difficult to acquire Right of Way (ROW).

Time constraint for new Transmission Lines.

Objections from inhabitants to construct new T/L.

Solution: New Generation Conductors ...

New Generation Conductors

Options Available with

Apar Industries Limited

High Ampacity Alloy Conductors

AAAC 6201, 6101

AAAC 1120 AL-57, AL-59 Thermal Resistant Alloy (TAL)

Defined as per IEC,

ASTM, BS, NFC,

EN, CSA

Specification.

Defined as per

Australian

Specification.

Defined as per

Swedish

specification & EN

Specification.

Defined as per IEC, &

ASTM Specification.

Popularly in use@ Countries:France,

Bangladesh, India,

North and East

Africa, Middle East, USA so on

Popularly in use @Countries:

Australia & New

Zealand

Popularly in use @Countries:

Norway, Sweden,

India so on

Popularly in use @Countries:

South and East Asia,

Nigeria, Middle East

Asia, Europe so on

Up rating of Transmission System

No,Re -Conductoring

Ground clearance is enough?

Thermal Resistance Al.

Alloy Conductor

High Ampacity Alloy

Conductors

TACSR, TACSR/EST,

TACSR/AW, TACSR/TW

TACIR/AW &

TACIR/TW/AW,

GAP type

Conductors

TAL with Al. Clad Invar

Core. i.e. for PGCIL Re-

Conductoring Tender we

have offered TACIR/AW

388 sq mm against

ACSR Moose

Yes, New Transmission Lines

Power TxferRequirements

Up to

30%

Al-59

AAA 1120

More

than

30%

TACSR family Conductor has 60+ % more ampacity of ACSR Conductors.

TACSR/TW Conductor has more than 70+% more ampacity of conventional ACSR type.

TACIR/TW Conductor has equivalent sag-tension properties as conventional ACSR type.

Conventional fittings and accessories for ACSR can be used for TAL Conductorsexcept compression fittings

Same installation method as conventional ACSR is applied for TALConductors

TAL Conductors has high long-term reliability with strong track record

Use AL-59 & TACSR for New Lines and TACIR/AW & GAP Conductor for Re-Conductoring

Summary