new euro 6 legislation on rde: overview and technical ... · new euro 6 legislation on rde:...

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New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, Martin Weiss, Barouch Giechaskiel, Francesco Riccobono European Commission - Joint Research Centre (JRC) IET - Institute for Energy and Transport 1 AECC RDE Technical Seminar Brussels, Belgium, April 2015

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Page 1: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges

Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, Martin Weiss, Barouch Giechaskiel, Francesco Riccobono

European Commission - Joint Research Centre (JRC)IET - Institute for Energy and Transport

1AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

Page 2: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

Overview

2

• RDE-LDV general principles

• RDE-LDV boundary conditions

• RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation

• RDE-LDV PEMS-PN

• RemarksAECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

Page 3: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

Overview

3

• RDE-LDV general principles

• RDE-LDV boundary conditions

• RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation

• RDE-LDV PEMS-PN

• RemarksAECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

Page 4: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

RDE-LDV general principles

4AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

• Test vehicles on the road

• Use accurate and advanced portable instruments

• Ex-ante trip selection urban, rural, motorway shares and their sequence road profile requirements for urban driving (idling)…

• Ex-post data evaluation check of dynamic conditions by composite indicators

• Moving Averaging Window (MAW) method => CO2

• Power Binning (PB) method => power at the wheels

check of vehicle dynamics (additional indicators)

Page 5: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

Overview

5

• RDE-LDV general principles

• RDE-LDV boundary conditions

• RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation

• RDE-LDV PEMS-PN

• RemarksAECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

Page 6: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

RDE-LDV boundary conditions

6

• Ranges for all parameters (altitude, Tamb, dynamics...)

AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

Page 7: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

RDE-LDV boundary conditions

7

• Ranges for all parameters (altitude, Tamb, dynamics...)

• A single RDE test does not cover all the possible situations

• RDE limits shall be met for any parameters combination

• Risk with ex-post data evaluation invalidation of tests (insufficient coverage...)

• Wider ranges improve the practicality increased ability to realize a valid RDE trip

AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

Page 8: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

Overview

8

• RDE-LDV general principles

• RDE-LDV boundary conditions

• RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation

• RDE-LDV PEMS-PN

• RemarksAECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

Page 9: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

Testing protocol

9AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

• Trip selection and operational requirements

• PEMS installation

• Specifications of PEMS equipment

• Pre-tests and post-tests PEMS calibration

Page 10: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

Overview

10

• RDE-LDV general principles

• RDE-LDV boundary conditions

• RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation

• RDE-LDV PEMS-PN

• RemarksAECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

Page 11: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

Testing Equipment

11AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

• Measurement performance

• Safety

• Size and installation

Page 12: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

Testing Equipment

12AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

• Comparison of PEMS equipment mass

Significant decrease of mass for new PEMS generation

Page 13: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

Overview

13

• RDE-LDV general principles

• RDE-LDV boundary conditions

• RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation

• RDE-LDV PEMS-PN

• RemarksAECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

Page 14: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

Ex-post evaluation

14AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

• MAW method CO2 to check driving dynamics vs. reference WLTP CO2 values

• Power binning method Pwheels to check driving dynamics vs. reference Pdistribution

Page 15: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

Ex-post evaluation

15AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

• MAW method

CO2 can be used as trip severity indicator

Page 16: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

Ex-post evaluation

16AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

• Complement the verification of vehicle dynamics

Additional vehicle dynamics indicators (under discussion)

Page 17: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

Overview

17

• RDE-LDV general principles

• RDE-LDV boundary conditions

• RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation

• RDE-LDV PEMS-PN

• RemarksAECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

Page 18: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

PEMS-PN: Project Overview

18

• Phase I (2012) – Feasibility study application & performance of PEMS-PN vs PN reference (PMP)

• Intermediate step – Update of specifications Volatile Particle Remover (VPR) efficiency of diffusion chargers (DC)

• Phase II (2014) confirmation of Phase I calibration procedures more accurate estimation of uncertainty

• Finalization of PEMS-PN technical specifications next steps under discussion

AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

Page 19: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

PEMS-PN: Phase I

19AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

• Results

Diffusion charger based systems: good linearity with PMP

Page 20: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

PEMS-PN: Phase I

20AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

• Results

Volatile Particles Removers (VPR) recommended

Page 21: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

21AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

PEMS-PN: Phase II, Topics

21

• Calibration in the laboratory• Comparison with PMP systems• Dependency on particle size• Regeneration• Volatile removal efficiency (moped 2-stroke)• Ambient temperature effect• Calibration at the CVS• Bias and precision• PASS or FAIL success rate• Challenge aerosol (solid sub 23 nm)

Page 22: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

PEMS-PN: Calibration

22AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

• PMP

Significant errors for particles <30nm

Page 23: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

PEMS-PN: Calibration

23AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

• Diffusion Charger

Increasing response with increasing particles size

Page 24: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

Overview

24

• RDE-LDV general principles

• RDE-LDV boundary conditions

• RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation

• RDE-LDV PEMS-PN

• RemarksAECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

Page 25: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

25AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

Remarks

25

• RDE-LDV trade-offEx-ante

Boundary testing conditions ranges &

testing requirements

=>Impacts on testing representativeness

Ex-postCheck of dynamic

conditions & vehicle dynamics

=>Impacts on vehicle

performance judgement

Page 26: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

Remarks

26AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

• PEMS-PN preliminary results diffusion charging seems a promising alternative to CPCs DCs, if adopted, will require more attention during

• calibration (low levels)• instantaneous particles emissions

Page 27: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

Acknowledgments

27AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

We thank the participants of the RDE working group and theRDE data evaluation task force for their contribution to thedevelopment of the data evaluation methods. The staff ofthe Vehicle Emissions Laboratory (VELA) of the Jointresearch Centre (JRC): Andrea Bonamin, Mauro Cadario,Massimo Carriero, Rinaldo Colombo, Fausto Forni, GastonLanappe, Philippe Le Lijour, Dominique Lesueur, FrancoisMontigny, Marcos Otura Garcia and Mirco Sculati, isacknowledged for executing the vehicle emissions testing onthe road and in the laboratory.

Page 28: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

Contacts

28AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

• Light-Duty Vehicles: Martin Weiss: [email protected] Pierre Bonnel: [email protected] Theodoros G. Vlachos: [email protected]

• PEMS-PN: Barouch Giechaskiel: [email protected] Francesco Riccobono: [email protected]

• Heavy-Duty Vehicles & Non-Road Mobile Machinery: Adolfo Perujo: [email protected] Pablo Mendoza: [email protected]

Page 29: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges

Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, Martin Weiss, Barouch Giechaskiel, Francesco Riccobono

European Commission - Joint Research Centre (JRC)IET - Institute for Energy and Transport

29AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

Page 30: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

30AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

Towards RDE: RCG vs. PEMS

Page 31: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

31AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

Moving Averaging Windows

Page 32: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

32AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

Reference of dynamic conditions

Page 33: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

33AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

• Urban: ̅ 45 /

• Rural: 45 / ̅ 80 /

• Motorway: ̅ 80 /

Urban/Rural/Motorway MAWs

Page 34: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

34AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

• Urban: 1017 5209⁄ · 100 19.53

• Rural:2477 5209⁄ · 100 47.55

• Motorway: 1715 5209⁄ · 100 32.92

Trip Completeness

Page 35: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

35AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

• Primary Tolerance: 25%

• Secondary Tolerance: 50%

Trip Normality

Page 36: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

36AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

• Urban: 1017 1017⁄ · 100 100

• Rural:1759 2477⁄ · 100 71.01

• Motorway: 1222 1715⁄ · 100 71.25

Trip Normality

Page 37: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

37AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

Weighing function

Page 38: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

38AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

PEMS-PN: Difference from PMP

• ±60% variation respect to PMP compliant system

Page 39: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

39AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

• Good linearity with PMP compliant system

PEMS-PN: Phase II vs. Phase I

Page 40: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

40AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

Phase II: Calibration, PMP

• Counting efficiency depends on efficiencies of VPR and PNC

Page 41: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

41AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

Phase II: Calibration, DC

• Current ∝ (particles number*particle average charge)

Page 42: New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical ... · New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, ... Montigny, Marcos

42AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015

Phase II: Calibration, DC vs PMP

• Calibrated at 100nm monodisperse => 75nm polydisperse

Expected range of GMDs