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New directions in theoretical discussions,
empirical research and practical
cooperation for China-CEE cooperation
in the global framework
Katarzyna Anna Nawrot
Outline of the main issues
• Current directions of the relations and cooperation between Central and
Eastern European countries and China
• Institutional mechanisms of bilateral and multilateral relations
Pattern of trade between Poland and China in the context of the CEEs and the EU
Investment flows between CEE and China
Other forms of institutional dialogue and cooperation between Poland and China
• The possible new directions, dimensions and fields of cooperation
• Importance & implications
Current state and directions of the cooperation
between CEE, Poland and China
• long history of a relationship between Poland, CEE and China
• the bilateral relations of modern time at the new dimension:
New Silk Road idea => One Belt, One Road Initiative => 16+1
framework – milestone for strengthening the cooperation between
China and CEEs countries
• Billateral cooperation and agreements
Poland =>
Join Statement on Strategic Partnership
(2011)
Join Statement on Comprehensive Strategic
Partnership (2016)
Multilateral collaborations – regional CEE level
Within the 16+1 Dialogue Poland:
•chairs the Secretariat for Central and Eastern European
countries in Beijing, 2012
•runs Secretariat for CEEC of the Contact Mechanism
for Investment Promotion Agencies of China and CEEC
in Warsaw, 2014
•runs Secretariat of China CEEC Business Council; with
the goal to gather chambers of commerce and other
business associations, 2014.
Institutional mechanisms of bilateral and multilateral
relations – stylized facts
• pattern of trade between Poland and China in the
context of the CEECs and the EU
• investment flows between CEE and China
Pattern of trade between Poland and China in the
context of the CEECs and the EU
• the dynamics and directions of the trade flow
• the structure of the trade flow
Foreign trade between Poland and China in 1995-2015
(in million PLN)
-9,6%
-7,2%
-4,8%
-2,4%
0,0%
2,4%
4,8%
7,2%
9,6%
12,0%
-80000
-60000
-40000
-20000
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
(Sh
are
in
%)
(Va
lue
in
mln
PL
N)
Trade balance Share of exports to China in total Polish exports
Share of imports from China in total Polish imports Value of Polish exports to China
Value of Polish imports from China
Source: author’s own elaboration based on Polish Statistical Office data.
Predictions of foreign trade between Poland and China
in 2016-2030 (in million PLN)
-160000
-120000
-80000
-40000
0
40000
80000
120000
160000
20000020
16
20
17
20
18
20
19
20
20
20
21
20
22
20
23
20
24
20
25
20
26
20
27
20
28
20
29
20
30
(Va
lue
in
mln
PL
N)
Trade balance Value of Polish exports to China Value of Polish imports from China
Source: author’s own elaboration based on Polish Statistical Office data.
Other forms of dialogue and cooperation between CEE
and China
4 levels of cooperation
•national,
•regional – CEE
•EU
•Interregional/global
NEW forms and directions of
dialogue and cooperation
between CEE and China
1) Collaboration and engagement with non-
state actors
2) Collaboration for shared goals and
values
•Cities and megacities and megaregions
• The importance ??
FIH
LOS
CAI
OSATYO
JKT
BLR
MNL
CCU
KHI
DAC
BOM
DEL
SZX
TSN
CKGCAN BJS
SHA
LONPAR
MOW
IST
RIO
BUE
SAO
MEX
LAX
NYC
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Population (million), 2015, 2030
Africa Asia Europe Latin America North America
HI
UMI
LMI
Mean
Rate of growth
of population,
1950-2015
and 2015-2030
(%)
DAR FIH
LOS
CAI
LAD
JNB
OSATYO
SGN
AMDHYDLHE
JKTMAA
BLR
MNL
CCU
KHI
DAC
BOM
DEL
CTU
BKK
SZX
TSN
CKGCAN BJS
SHA
LONPAR
MOW
ISTBOG
LIM
RIO
BUE
SAO
MEX
LAX
NYC
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Population (million), 2015
Africa Asia Europe Latin America North America
HI
UMI
LMI
LI
Mean
Rate of growth
of population,
1950-2015
(%)
HI
UMI
LMI
LI
HI
UMI
LMI
LI
HI
UMI
LMI
LI
Chengdu
Shenzhen
Tianjin
Chongqing
Guangzhou
Beijing
Shanghai
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Population (millions), 2015, 2030
Mean
rate of growth
of population,
1950-2015
and 2015-2030
(%)
Urban population increase in 2014-2050
source: own study based on World Urbanization Prospects, UN, 2014 Revision.
Megacities in Europe
Delta Metropolis
Oresund region
Saxon Triangle
Centrope region
CRUS cluster
Existing Polish-Chinese regional partnership
• Lower Silesian (Dolnośląskie) – Anhui
• Kuyavian-Pomeranian (Kujawsko-Pomorskie) – Hubei
• Lublin (Lubelskie) – Henan
• Lubusz (Lubuskie) – Hainan
• Łódź (Łódzkie) – Guangdong and Sichuan
• Lesser Poland (Małopolskie) – Jiangsu
• Masovian (Mazowieckie) – Shandong and Hebei
• Opole (Opolskie) – Fujian
• Subcarpathian (Podkarpackie) – Guanxi-Zhuang
• Pomeranian (Pomorskie) – Shanghai
• Silesian (Śląskie) – Liaoning and Shaanxi
• Warmian-Masurian (Warmińsko-Mazurskie) – Heilangjiang
• West Pomeranian (Zachodniopomorskie) – Guangdong.
• cargo railway routs between Poland and
China:
Chengdu - Łódź
Souzhou - Warsaw
• cooperation at the provincial, county,
municipality levels
• city-oriented collaboration
The possible directions,
dimensions and fields of
cooperation
Conclusions 1: Dimensions for
collaboration• Urban infrastructure
• Transport
• Social protection issues
• Social inclusion issues
• Multiculturalism
• Access to water
• Secure sewerage
• Expropriation of land
• Security
Common fields for discussion and
collaboration• megacities development versus environmental protection; the earth; agricultural
land
• transport system and its efficiency
• megacity center and its dynamics (depopulation of the city center)
• progressive deindustrialisation; development / revitalization of post-industrial areas
• the need to develop areas with contaminated soil
• revitalization of suburban areas
• protection and preservation of cultural / historical heritage
• improvement of housing and living conditions of informal habitats
• improvement of housing conditions of suburban areas / periphery
• problem of social exclusion
Further challanges
• growing urban poverty
• urban inequality
• social inclusion vs. exclusion
• galloping urbanization
• the problem of uncontrolled influx of society
• social problems - social care, health, access to safe water sources
• social exclusion
• slums
• access to infrastructure
Final message: need of
• Collaboration and engagement with non-
state actors: cities and megacities
• Collaboration for shared goals and values
• Collaboration for public goods
• Transcultural collaboration
•
• Megacities might be more efficient places than
central governments to address developmental
issues if properly governed, thus serving as a
basis for a
new urban-based development model.
Thank you for your attention !
Katarzyna Anna Nawrot
Department of International Economics