NEW DEAL PROGRAMS

ACTS PASSED DURNING FIRST HUNDRED DAYS CONGRESS,

1933

Bank holiday

Stopped massive withdrawals by closing banks temporarily

Kept banks in business, helped restore public trust

Beer and Wine Beer and Wine Revenue ActRevenue Act

► Prohibition is Prohibition is repealedrepealed

► Beer and wine are Beer and wine are taxedtaxed

CCC—Civilian Conservation Corps Provided jobs for

unemployed men, ages 18-25

They planted trees, landscaped parks

Young men earned $30/month they could send home, did not become criminals

We still enjoy what they created

FERAFERA Federal Emergency Federal Emergency

Relief AdministrationRelief Administration $500 million in relief $500 million in relief

to state and local to state and local agencies; created agencies; created jobs and provided jobs and provided direct relief to those direct relief to those who needed it mostwho needed it most

Government Government recognizes a need to recognizes a need to provide direct relief provide direct relief in times of disasterin times of disaster

FERA (New Deal)FERA (New Deal)

FEMA (today…founded in 1979)FEMA (today…founded in 1979)

AAA—Agricultural Adjustment Act

Paid farmers to reduce their output of corn, cotton, and other crops

Caused prices to rise Government still

subsidizes farm goods today

AAA…effectsAAA…effects

Helped farmers pay mortgages so they would Helped farmers pay mortgages so they would not lose their farmsnot lose their farms

Put some people out of work on farms as Put some people out of work on farms as production decreasedproduction decreased

TVA—Tennessee Valley Authority

Built a series of new dams

Brought electricity and flood control to the region

Improved the standard of living in the area; still does so today

HOLC—Home Owners’ HOLC—Home Owners’ Refinancing ActRefinancing Act

► Helped people Helped people refinance refinance mortgages on non-mortgages on non-farm homesfarm homes

► Bailed out Bailed out mortgage-holding mortgage-holding banks that were in banks that were in troubletrouble

FDICFDIC Part of Glass-Part of Glass-

Steagall ActSteagall Act Insured each Insured each

account in the bank account in the bank for up to $5000for up to $5000

Today, your Today, your deposits in FDIC deposits in FDIC insured banks are insured banks are protected up to protected up to $100,000 (lately, $100,000 (lately, $250,000)$250,000)

Adds to people’s Adds to people’s confidence in banksconfidence in banks

NIRA—National Industrial Recovery Act

Stabilized prices, raised wages, limited work hours, provided jobs

Created the PWA and NRA

Eventually led to the idea of minimum wages, maximum hours

NRA—National Recovery NRA—National Recovery AdministrationAdministration

Encouraged Encouraged businesses to draw businesses to draw up “fair codes of up “fair codes of competition”competition”

Helped set hours, Helped set hours, prices, wagesprices, wages

Guaranteed the Guaranteed the right of workers to right of workers to organizeorganize

Not always Not always successfulsuccessful

PWAPWA

► Public Works Public Works AdministrationAdministration

► Contracted with Contracted with private companies private companies to provide jobs to provide jobs

► Roads, public Roads, public buildings, and other buildings, and other projectsprojects

Lincoln Park and Lake Shore DriveLincoln Park and Lake Shore Drive

Other New Deal programs….

Late 1933-1939

CWA (Civil Works Administration)

Branch of FERA Created jobs during harsh winter “make-work” tasks Accusations of “boondoggling”

WPA—Works Progress Administration

Gave jobs to blue collar and white collar workers

Buildings, bridges, roads

Murals, oral histories, theater

Products are still around today

SECSEC

Regulates Regulates companies that sell companies that sell stocks and bondsstocks and bonds

Protects people Protects people from insider from insider trading and other trading and other abuses in the stock abuses in the stock market systemmarket system

Reciprocal Trade Reciprocal Trade Agreement ActAgreement Act

Authorized US to Authorized US to lower tariff rates by lower tariff rates by as much as 50% as as much as 50% as long as the other long as the other country involved country involved lowered tariffs as welllowered tariffs as well

FHA—Federal Housing FHA—Federal Housing AdministrationAdministration

Loans to Loans to householders to householders to improve their homes improve their homes or build new onesor build new ones

Still aroundStill around

NYA

National Youth Administration

Provided high school and college age Americans with part-time jobs so they could stay in school

Wagner-Connery ActWagner-Connery Act

Guarantees Guarantees workers’ rights to workers’ rights to organize unions organize unions and bargain and bargain collectively for collectively for better wages and better wages and working conditionsworking conditions

Social Security ActSocial Security Act

Unemployment Unemployment insurance for workers insurance for workers who lose their jobswho lose their jobs

Pensions to retired Pensions to retired workers over age 65workers over age 65

Payments to people Payments to people with disabilities, the with disabilities, the elderly, wives and elderly, wives and children of male children of male workers who diedworkers who died

Fair Labor Standards ActFair Labor Standards Act

Set minimum wage Set minimum wage and maximum work and maximum work hours/overtimehours/overtime

Set limits on child Set limits on child laborlabor

Odds and endsOdds and ends

““forgotten man”forgotten man” ““the only thing we the only thing we

have to fear is fear have to fear is fear itself”itself”

Fireside chatsFireside chats PolioPolio Brains trustBrains trust Packing the CourtPacking the Court

“Equality under the New Deal” Segregation in jobs, lower wages, and lack of

access to model towns African-Americans helped build during the New Deal

More than 100 African-Americans named to posts in the government by FDR

Eleanor Roosevelt was a strong proponent of Civil Rights

More tribal rule for Native Americans

Marian Anderson Marian Anderson

Huey Long’s Huey Long’s “Share Our Wealth” Plan“Share Our Wealth” Plan

Tax the rich highly Tax the rich highly so that each poorer so that each poorer family can receive family can receive a minimum of a minimum of $5000$5000

Good idea or not?Good idea or not?

Did Roosevelt go too far with the New Deal?