New class Damage-Prone DNA Regions Could Lead to Better Cancer Treatments and how Cells' DNA Repair Machinery Can Destroy Viruses.

Jorge Burbano CastroIII semester of medicine

INTRODUCTIONCancer and HIV mean a real problem for the public health. They are a challenge for the science and medicine that’s why the present ways to treat them could be painful and not very effective.

Nowadays there are discovers that could be applied over the system failures and being functional

Cancer causes damages over genome and viruses alter the genome, replicating their own based in our.

DISCOVERY OF NEW CLASS OF DAMAGE-PRONE DNA REGIONS COULD LEAD TO

BETTER CANCER TREATMENTS

• DNA could be damaged by a lot of agents like the UV light (skin cancer) or the exposure to diferent substances that could be radiactive or toxic. In this order, the probably to aqcuire unnantural changes (mutations) in the DNA is very high.

• But ist’s more than a simple desease, this one is mortal, and really degenerative, that’s why, it has to be trated with extreme care.

DISCOVERY OF NEW CLASS OF DAMAGE-PRONE DNA REGIONS COULD LEAD TO

BETTER CANCER TREATMENTS

• B cell lymphoma is a type of blood cancer, which includes the lymph nodes, spleen, and other organs of the immune system.

• For most patients, the cause of this cancer is unknown. However, lymphomas may develop in people with weakened immune systems. For example, the risk of lymphoma increases after an organ transplant or in people with HIV infection.

• The cancer may be low grade (slow growing), intermediate grade, or high grade (fast growing).

DISCOVERY OF NEW CLASS OF DAMAGE-PRONE DNA REGIONS COULD LEAD TO

BETTER CANCER TREATMENTS

• The DNA is vulnerable in some moments of the cell cycle: Replication of itself and when copying is hard in some regions.

DISCOVERY OF NEW CLASS OF DAMAGE-PRONE DNA REGIONS COULD LEAD TO

BETTER CANCER TREATMENTS

• There are two important things for the DNA changes:- AID (activation-induced cytidine deaminase). - early replicating fragile sites (ERFSs).

They are responsible of a lot of cancer types.

DISCOVERY OF NEW CLASS OF DAMAGE-PRONE DNA REGIONS COULD LEAD TO

BETTER CANCER TREATMENTS

• Student comment:In my opinion , find out the sites where the

damage occurs is the most important thing to start with strategies and ways to discover the real cure for this issues. There’s not doubt that this system is really sensitive despite all the control points. And this text show us how easy is to alter the normal mechanisms.

• Student comment:In my opinion , find out the sites where the

damage occurs is the most important thing to start with strategies and ways to discover the real cure for this issues. There’s not doubt that this system is really sensitive despite all the control points. And this text show us how easy is to alter the normal mechanisms.

HOW CELLS' DNA REPAIR MACHINERY CAN DESTROY VIRUSES.

• DNA is formed by four types of nucleotides:

- Adenine (A). - Guanine (G). - Citocin (C). - Timine (T).They are the base of the structure and bind

the basis to unify the strands with hydrogen bonds.

A nucleotide is formed by: A

pentose, phosphate and

nitrogenous base

HOW CELLS' DNA REPAIR MACHINERY CAN DESTROY VIRUSES.

• Sometimes, the fifth nucleotide: Uracil (U) interferes in the replication of DNA, occupying an space in the new strand, causing an unnatural copy.

• This is important because retrovirus like the HIV can survive and start with its replication. Finally, the people who is victim of the HIV could die, due to the immune deficit.

HOW CELLS' DNA REPAIR MACHINERY CAN DESTROY VIRUSES.

• As an important control, the system has two enzymes:

- An enzyme whose job is to break down dUTP, keeping its levels very low.

- The enzyme hUNG2, which snips stray Us out of newly copied DNA strands, leaving the resulting holes to be filled by a different repair enzyme.

HOW CELLS' DNA REPAIR MACHINERY CAN DESTROY VIRUSES.

• High dUTP and a vigilant hUNG2, could forbid the replication of the HIV genome, is the perfect environment to destroy the HIV virus.

• The administration of anti-retroviral drugs is essential to combat the HIV, specially when it hides in non-dividing cells.

It’s important not to suspend the

drug administration.

HOW CELLS' DNA REPAIR MACHINERY CAN DESTROY VIRUSES.

Written like this, It leaves to the readers magnificent expectations about a final treatment for this immune trouble. It’s good to mention the mechanism the cells use to try to stop the HIV which could be improved with a special scientific intervention, but that’s what this kind of persons are getting, waiting for the best results, in order to find a better life quality for this patients.

MEDICAL UTILITY IN:DISCOVERY OF NEW CLASS OF DAMAGE-PRONE DNA REGIONS COULD LEAD TO

BETTER CANCER TREATMENTS

The main one, is to find a real, effective and accessible treatment for the disease.

MEDICAL UTILITY IN:DISCOVERY OF NEW CLASS OF DAMAGE-PRONE DNA REGIONS COULD LEAD TO

BETTER CANCER TREATMENTS

The opportunity to serve better the humanity (control and treatment of the diseases) in order to reach a better place to live.

MEDICAL UTILITY IN: HOW CELLS' DNA REPAIR MACHINERY CAN DESTROY

VIRUSES.

If the real cure is finally taken out to the light, the medicine will be able to progress in the attention and service to get a new and better ideal of health.

MEDICAL UTILITY IN: HOW CELLS' DNA REPAIR MACHINERY CAN DESTROY

VIRUSES.

Scientists are trying to obtain an effective solution against them. The HIV is as the cancer one of the most problematic subjects, because there’s not a really way to ensure the patient he will survive.

REFERENCES• [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/

2013/01/130124123307.htm; Jan. 24, 2013] Checked on Feb. 20, 2013, 20:00. “Discovery of New Class of Damage-Prone DNA Regions Could Lead to Better Cancer Treatments”

• [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130121161751.htm; Jan. 21, 2013] Checked on Feb.20, 2013, 20:46 “How Cells' DNA Repair Machinery Can Destroy Viruses“

• [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000581.htm] Checked on Feb.23, 2013, 21:30 “B cell lymphoma”

«FIGHT FOR YOUR DREAMS, YOU WILL BE REWARDED»

THANK YOU!