new chapter the big idea some features of weather have predictable patterns. weather patterns the...
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NEW CHAPTER
thethe BIGBIG ideaidea
Some features of weather have predictable patterns.
Weather Patterns
The atmosphere's air pressure changes.
The atmosphere has wind patterns.
Most clouds form as air rises and cools.
Water falls to Earth’s surface as precipitation.
CHAPTER
CHAPTER OUTLINE
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16.116.1
16.316.3
16.416.4
CHAPTER RESOURCES
VOCABULARY
KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
Air pressure is the force of air molecules pushing on an area. Air pressure decreases as you move higher in the atmosphere. Air pressure can also differ in two locations at the same altitude.
barometer
air pressure
The atmosphere's air pressure changes.
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
16.116.1
CHAPTERRESOURCESCHAPTERRESOURCES
VOCABULARY
KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
Wind blows from areas of high pressure toward areas of low pressure. Earth's rotation causes long distance winds to curve. wind
global wind
Coriolis effect
weather
The atmosphere has wind patterns.
SECTIONOUTLINESECTIONOUTLINE
jet stream
monsoon
16.216.2
VISUALIZATION
View an animation of the Coriolis effect.
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VISUALIZATION
Explore how breezes blowing over land and water change over the course of a day.
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area of high pressure
area of low pressure
VOCABULARY
KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
Clouds are made of tiny water droplets that condense from water vapor in rising air.
Most clouds form as air rises and cools.
SECTIONOUTLINESECTIONOUTLINE
precipitation
humidity
saturation
evaporation
relative humidity
dew point
condensationlevel where
condensation begins
16.316.3
CHAPTERRESOURCESCHAPTERRESOURCES
VOCABULARY
KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
Water falls to Earth’s surface as precipitation.
SECTIONOUTLINESECTIONOUTLINE
sleet
hail
acid rain
freezing rainWater droplets in clouds merge to form raindrops.
Ice crystals in clouds can form snow, rain, and other types of precipitation.
Hail forms when ice pellets move up and down in clouds, growing larger as they gain layers of ice.
Snow forms from ice crystals that merge in clouds.
Sleet is rain that freezes into ice pellets while falling through cold air.
Freezing rain is rain that freezes when it hits the ground or other surfaces.
16.416.4
CHAPTERRESOURCESCHAPTERRESOURCES
VOCABULARY
KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
I. The atmosphere's air pressure changes.
A. Air exerts pressure.
B. Air pressure is related to altitude and density.
1. Pressure and Air Motion
2. Barometers and Air Pressure
KEY CONCEPTSUMMARYKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY
The atmosphere's air pressure changes.
barometer
air pressure
16.116.1
CHAPTERRESOURCESCHAPTERRESOURCES
VOCABULARY
KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
II. The atmosphere has wind patterns.
A. Uneven heating causes air to move.
B. Earth’s rotation affects wind direction.
C. Bands of calm air separate global wind belts.
D. Jet streams flow near the top of the troposphere.
KEY CONCEPTSUMMARYKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY
The atmosphere has wind patterns.
E. Patterns of heating and cooling cause local winds and monsoons.
1. Calm Regions
2. Wind Belts
3. Effects of Wind on Travel
1. Local Winds
2. Monsoons
wind
global wind
Coriolis effect
weather
monsoon
16.216.2
CHAPTERRESOURCESCHAPTERRESOURCES
jet stream
VOCABULARY
KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
III. Most clouds form as air rises and cools.
A. Temperature affects water in the air.
1. Water in the Air
2. Humidity and Relative Humidity
B. Water vapor condenses and forms clouds.
1. Characteristics of Clouds
2. Cirrus Clouds
KEY CONCEPTSUMMARYKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY
Most clouds form as air rises and cools.
3. Cumulus Clouds
4. Stratus Clouds
5. Fog
precipitation
humidity
saturation
evaporation
relative humidity
dew point
condensation
16.316.3
CHAPTERRESOURCESCHAPTERRESOURCES
VOCABULARY
KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
IV. Water falls to Earth’s surface as precipitation.
A. Precipitation forms from water droplets or ice crystals.
1. Measuring Precipitation
2. Types of Precipitation
B. Precipitation can carry pollution.
KEY CONCEPTSUMMARYKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY
Water falls to Earth’s surface as precipitation.
sleet
hail
acid rain
freezing rain
16.416.4
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