new approaches to intellectual property in the digital age
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New approaches to intellectual property in
the age of web 2.0
Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 South Africa licence
‘In the new economy, information is the
scarce resource’
‘Downloading music for free is piracy’
(1)Some basic economics of
information production and innovation
a) Characteristics
•Non-rival
a) Characteristics
•Non-rival
•Both the input and output of its own production process
a) Characteristics
b) information production strategies
Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
Romantic maximisers
• firm sells software to a larger firm
• author sells rights to a book or film
Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
Mickey
• Disney reuses inventory for derivative works;
• buy outputs of Romantic Maximizers.
Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
RCA
• companies hold blocking patents;
• create patent pools to build valuable goods.
Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
Scholarly lawyers
• Write articles to get clients
• Bands that give music for free and charge money for gigs
• software companies who develop free software but charge for customization, training etc
Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
Know-How
• Firms that have cheaper or better production processes because of research;
Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
Learning networks
• share info with similar organisations e.g. newspapers fund wire services, professional societies for engineers etc.
Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
Joe Einstein
• give away info for free in return for status, reputation, value of the innovation to themselves
• e.g. amateur choirs, academics, op-eds, mailing lists, free software developers etc.
Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
Los Alamos
• share in-house information in order to get govt grants
Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
Limited sharing networks
• release paper to small number of colleagues to get comment;
• share information on formal condition of reciprocity (e.g. copyleft)
Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
Dramatic decline in costs of means of
production
Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
< nonmarket production of information
+< information centre of
advanced economies
your company?
Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
(2)Commons-based peer
production
200110 contributors
2002472 contributors
200548,721 contributors
Commons-based peer production
A
•allow commercial use?•allow derivatives?•share alike?
(3)Let’s get practical
dammit!
How to stimulate peer production around your
brand?
