New American DiplomacyNew American Diplomacy

““Speak softly, but carry a Speak softly, but carry a Big stick”Big stick”

Does America still employ TR’s “big stick” diplomacy?

Opening ChinaOpening China• Spheres of InfluenceSpheres of Influence

– Japan & western powers carved Japan & western powers carved China into regionsChina into regions

– Within each sphere, one nation Within each sphere, one nation held economic dominanceheld economic dominance

• The Open Door PolicyThe Open Door Policy– US at a geographical disadvantageUS at a geographical disadvantage– Open Door Note (1899)Open Door Note (1899)– Respect Chinese rights and fair Respect Chinese rights and fair

competitioncompetition• The Boxer Rebellion (1900)The Boxer Rebellion (1900)

Roosevelt becomes PresidentRoosevelt becomes President

• McKinley is assassinated 1901McKinley is assassinated 1901

• TR becomes youngest presidentTR becomes youngest president

• Roosevelt and Foreign AffairsRoosevelt and Foreign Affairs– 1st President to play a significant role in 1st President to play a significant role in

World AffairsWorld Affairs

– Imperialism in Western HemisphereImperialism in Western Hemisphere

– Proponent of Military and Naval Proponent of Military and Naval preparednesspreparedness

Presidential FirstsPresidential Firsts• First to invite an African American to a First to invite an African American to a

White House dinnerWhite House dinner

• First to have Secret Service protectionFirst to have Secret Service protection

• First to win Nobel Peace Prize for his First to win Nobel Peace Prize for his work towards ending the Russo-Japanese work towards ending the Russo-Japanese WarWar

• First to take trip outside the United StatesFirst to take trip outside the United States

More Presidential FirstsMore Presidential Firsts• First to give an open invitation to First to give an open invitation to

the pressthe press

• First to be First to be – submerged in a submarinesubmerged in a submarine

– to own a carto own a car

– to have a telephone in his hometo have a telephone in his home

– to be allowed to operate the light to be allowed to operate the light switches in the White Houseswitches in the White House

Panama Canal: Roosevelt’s Most Panama Canal: Roosevelt’s Most Famous Foreign Policy InitiativeFamous Foreign Policy Initiative

Here TR inspects the canal construction in Panama in 1906. Here TR inspects the canal construction in Panama in 1906.

Panama CanalPanama Canal

• Spanish-American War Spanish-American War emphasized need for Canalemphasized need for Canal

• Colombia rejected U.S. offer to Colombia rejected U.S. offer to construct canal.construct canal.

• Gunboat DiplomacyGunboat Diplomacy– Panamanian rebellionPanamanian rebellion– US prevents re-supply of troopsUS prevents re-supply of troops

Roosevelt as “Peacemaker”Roosevelt as “Peacemaker”• Russo-Japanese WarRusso-Japanese War

– war was over ports in Manchuria war was over ports in Manchuria and Koreaand Korea

– Russian fleet destroyedRussian fleet destroyed

• TR brokers PeaceTR brokers Peace– TR doesn’t want either side to gain TR doesn’t want either side to gain

a monopoly in Asiaa monopoly in Asia

– Japanese secretly asked TRJapanese secretly asked TR

• Treaty of PortsmouthTreaty of Portsmouth

Roosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt Corollary• MotivationMotivation

– concerned about German & British concerned about German & British influence in L.A.influence in L.A.

– Extension of Monroe Doctrine (1823)Extension of Monroe Doctrine (1823)

• PolicyPolicy– Preventive InterventionPreventive Intervention

– Keep economic and Political stabilityKeep economic and Political stability

– "Policeman of the Caribbean”"Policeman of the Caribbean”

Taft and Latin AmericaTaft and Latin America

• Continued Roosevelt’s policyContinued Roosevelt’s policy

• Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy– Supported Latin America Supported Latin America

developmentdevelopment

– Eliminate poverty & social disorderEliminate poverty & social disorder

• Intervened in Nicaragua (1911)Intervened in Nicaragua (1911)