new algorithms to improve x-ray inspection
TRANSCRIPT
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New Algorithms to Improve X-Ray Inspection
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Principles*of*x.ray*inspection
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The*first*100*years*in*x.ray*history*focused*on*hardware*improvements
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This*century,*algorithms*are*driving*x.ray*innovation
• Significant*improvement*in*computing*power
• Explosive*algorithm*focus*– see*Google• Marginal*improvement*in*hardware
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Outline
• SMT*Defects*identified*with*x.ray*inspection
• WISE• Dual*Energy• ICARUS• Artificial*Neural*Networks
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Algorithms*for*X.Ray*Inspection
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RAW IMAGE REAL TIME ALGORITHMS
REAL TIME IMAGE
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WISE:*Wavelet*Image*Spectra*Enhancement*
• X.ray*inspection*enhancement*algorithm*based*on*parametric*estimation*of*image
• Runs*in*real*time*– not*an*offline*filter• What*is*parameter*estimation?
PATENT PENDING
Raw datas = A.sin(2πf + ϕ)A = 2f = 4kHzϕ = π
Parameter Estimation
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From*Wavelet*transform*to*Parameter*Estimation
Wavelet*Transform
Parameter*Estimation*Model
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Results*before*and*after*WISE
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Surplus*stock*of*electronic*components*dumped*into*the*market*further*establishing*the*broker*and*grey*marketsHuge*amounts*of*scrap*electronicsComponents*made*obsolete*Need*for*short*delivery*timeMassive*cost*reduction*pressures*on*OEM*buyers*for*double*digit*price*reductionsBuying*and*selling*via*the*internet*became*common*practice
The*counterfeit*electronics*problem
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Component*Harvesting
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US*Dept*of*Commerce*Report
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Only*expensive*parts*are*counterfeited…
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Anything*wrong*with*these*caps?
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What*happens*when*you*got*the*wrong*cap?
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Dual*Energy*X.Ray*Imaging
PATENT PENDING
Low Energy Image High Energy Image
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Dual*Energy*X.Ray*Imaging
PATENT PENDING
Dual Energy Image
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BGA*with*voids*– dual*energy
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PATENT PENDING
Transformer*– dual*energy
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How*can*we*use*these*innovations*for*counterfeit*detection?*What’s*wrong*
here?
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How*can*we*use*these*innovations*for*counterfeit*detection?*And*here?
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How*can*we*use*these*innovations*for*counterfeit*detection?
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ICARUSImage Comparison Algorithms for Radiography Unified Software
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ICARUS*Comparison*Algorithm
• Challenge*is*to*find*the*global*minimum*
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Unfortunately*things*are*not*simple…**
• Multiple*algorithms*compete*for*best*answer
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ICARUSImage*Comparison*Algorithms*for*Radiography*Unified*Software
1st – SELECT REFERENCE
IMAGE
2nd – DEFINE COMPARISON
MASK
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ICARUSImage*Comparison*Algorithms*for*Radiography*Unified*Software
4th – CORRECT FOR ROTATION AND OFFSET
TRANSLATION
3rd – COLLECT IMAGE FROM
TAPE
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ICARUSImage*Comparison*Algorithms*for*Radiography*Unified*Software
5th – MEASURE SIMILARITY BETWEEN REFERENCE AND ACQUIRED IMAGE WITH
MASK APPLIED TO BOTH IMAGES
REFERENCE ACQUIRED
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ICARUSImage*Comparison*Algorithms*for*Radiography*Unified*Software
6th – COMPARE MEASURED SIMILARITY WITH SET THRESHOLD
REFERENCE ACQUIRED
Example: 98% SIMILARITY: IF < THRESHOLD ! FAILIF > THRESHOLD ! PASS
DIFFERENCES
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ICARUSImage*Comparison*Algorithms*for*Radiography*Unified*Software
REFERENCE ACQUIRED + DIFFERENCES
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ICARUSImage*Comparison*Algorithms*for*Radiography*Unified*Software
7th– REPEAT PROCESS FOR WHOLE TAPE. STOP ON FAIL
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Conclusions
• Innovation*in*the*first*century*of*the*x.ray*inspection*market*was*driven*by*hardware*improvements
• Massive*computing*power*has*allowed*the*second*century*to*be*driven*by*algorithm*innovations
• Expect*to*see*more*algorithm*improvements*this*century
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