neutrinos from stored muons storm physics with a μ storage ring and beyond
TRANSCRIPT
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Neutrinos from Stored MuonsnSTORM
n physics with a μ storage ring
And Beyond
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2Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Outline
IntroductionPhysics motivationCurrent facility design statusCostingMoving forward and Conclusions
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Introduction
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4Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Introduction
For over 30 years physicists have been talking about doing n experiments with ns from m decay
Flavor content fully known On the order of rare decay modes (10-4)
“Near Absolute” Flux Determination is possible in a storage ring Beam current, polarization, beam divergence monitor, mp spectrometer
Overall, there is tremendous control of systematic uncertainties with a well designed system
Initially the motivation was high-energy n interaction physics.
BUT, so far no experiment has ever been done!
e
e
e
e
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Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
physics with a μ storage ring –Neutrino Factory
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12 channels accessibleif En is above the t threshold
For the past decade+, the focus has been on LBL n-oscillation physics
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It is a NEAR-TERM FACILITY Because, technically, we can do it now
Addresses the SBL, large dm2 n-oscillation regime
Provides a beam for precision n interaction physics
Accelerator & Detector technology test bed Potential for intense low energy muon beam Provides for m decay ring R&D (instrumentation)
& technology demonstration platform Provides a n Detector Test Facility
nuSTORM is an affordable -based
beam “First Step”
Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
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7Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Status of the Neutrino Factory design: IDS-NF
Thisis the simplest
implementationof the NF
And DOES NOT
Require the Development of
ANYNew Technology
This is what we want to do near-term:Neutrinos from STORed Muons,
STORM
3.8 GeV/c
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Physics motivation &Theoretical Considerations
Beyond the nSM
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Short-baseline oscillation studies
Sterile neutrinos arise naturally in many extensions of the Standard Model. GUT models Seesaw mechanism
for n mass “Dark” sector
Usually heavy, but light not ruled out.
Experimental hints LSND MiniBooNE Ga Reactor “anomaly”
Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Kopp, Machado, Maltoni & Schwetz: arXiv:1303.3011".
3+1
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10Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Appearance & disappearance
Subsets of appearance and disappearance data are found to be consistent,and it is only when they are combined and when, in addition, exclusion limits onnm disappearance are included, that tension appears.
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11Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
3 + 2 Models
Fit in 1+3+1 improved over 3+1
The compatibility of appearance and disappearance data is still low in 1+3+1, at the level of 0.2%.
Snmin ≈ 3.2 eV
3+2 1+3+1Kopp, Machado, Maltoni & Schwetz: arXiv:1303.3011".
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12Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Steriles?
We conclude that, given the current experimental situation: It is impossible to draw firm conclusions
regarding the existence of light sterile neutrinos.
An experiment searching for short-baseline neutrino oscillations with good sensitivity and well-controlled systematic uncertainties has great potential to clarify the situation.
A truly definitive experiment for both the muon appearance and muon disappearance channels is required to reach a convincing conclusion on the existence of light, sterile neutrinos.
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n Interaction Physics
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14Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Interaction PhysicsA partial sampling
ne and ne-bar x-section measurements A UNIQUE contribution from nuSTORM Essentially no existing data
p0 production in n interactions Coherent and quasi-exclusive single p0 production
Charged p & K production Coherent and quasi-exclusive single p+ production
Multi-nucleon final states n-e scattering n-Nucleon neutral current scattering
Measurement of NC to CC ratio Charged and neutral current processes
Measurement of ne induced resonance production
Nuclear effects Semi-exclusive & exclusive processes
Measurement of Ks0, & L L-bar production
New physics & exotic processes Test of nm - ne universality Heavy n eV-scale pseudo-scalar penetrating particles
Over 60 topics (thesis)accessible at nuSTORM
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The Facility
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Baseline
~ 100 kW Target Station (designed for 400kW) Assume 120 GeV proton
Fermilab PIP era Carbon target
Inconel Horn collection after target
Collection/transport channel Stochastic injection of p
Decay ring Large aperture FODO
Also considering RFFAG Instrumentation
BCTs, mag-Spec in arc, polarimeter
Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
3.8 GeV/c
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-base beam:Oscillation channels
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8 out of 12 channels potentially accessible
Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
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18Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
p Production, Capture & Transport
In momentum range4.5 < 5.0 < 5.5
obtain » 0.09 p±/POTwithin decay ring acceptance.
With 120 GeV p & NuMI-style horn 1Carbon target
Target/capture optimization ongoing
Sergei StriganovAo Liu
Fermilab
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19Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
p Transport & Decay ring
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Injection scheme
π’s are on an injection orbit separated by chicane
μ’s are in ring circulating orbit lower p ~3.8 GeV/c
~30cm separation between
Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Concept works for FODO lattice Now detailed by Ao Liu
Beam Combination Section (BCS)
David Neuffer’s originalconcept from 1980
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21Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
s at end of first straight Ao LiuFermilab
8 X 10-3 muons/POT (3.8 ± 10%) GeV/c
at end of first straight
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Racetrack FFAG Decay Ring
Scaling FFAGs have special properties, which makes them ideal for large momentum spread and large emittance beams
Tune chromaticity is automatically zero Stable optics for very large momentum spread Allows good working point with a large acceptance avoiding dangerous resonances
Beta chromaticity is negligible (strictly zero in the current racetrack) Allows to remove the beta beat for off-momentum particles
This allows to design the ring with quasi-zero beam loss Good performance for nuSTORM facility!
Initial FFAG design Confirmed the large acceptance Assumed initially muon injection with a kicker (not preferred currently) Assumed only normal conducting magnets
Large ring size Tight space in the arc -> Difficult Stochastic Injection
Recent FFAG design Based on superferric magnets (up to 3T) in the arc and normal conducting ones in the straight
Reduction of the ring size and the cost! Compact Arc (71m)
Allows to incorporate the dispersion matching Stochastic injection is now possible
Thanks to a smooth dispersion transition and empty drifts in the compact arc. Ring performance with respect to acceptance is very good!
JB Lagrange & Y. Mori: KyotoJ. Pasternak: Imperial
A. Sato: Osaka
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Recent FFAG Decay Ring design
Table of parameters with FODO for comparison here?
Parameter FODO FFAG with normal conducting arcs
FFAG with SC arcs
L Straight (m) 185 240 192
Circumference [m] 480 706 527
Dynamical acceptance Adyn 0.6 0.95 0.95
Momentum acceptance ±10% ±16% ±16%
/POT within momentum acceptance 0.094 0.171 0.171
Fraction of decaying in the straight (FS)
0.52 0.57 0.54
Ratio of L Straight to the ring Circ. () 0.39 0.34 0.36
Adyn /POT FS 0.011 0.031 0.033
Layout of the FFAGDecay Ring with SC Arc
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nuSTORM’s Physics
performance
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Assumptions
Nm = (POT) X (p/POT) X /m p X Adynamic X W 1021 POT @ 120 GeV integrated exposure 0.1 p/POT Muons/POT at end of first straight (8 X 10-3)
=(p/POT) X ( /m p) within the 3.8 ± 10% GeV/c momentum acceptance
Adynamic = 0.6 (FODO) Fraction of muons surviving 100 turns
W = Straight/circumference ratio (0.39) (FODO) This yields » 1.9 X 1018 useful m decays
Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Note: nuSTORM will be limited to 1020 POT/yr
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En spectra ( + stored)
Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
ne
nm-bar
Event rates/100Tat ND hall 50m
from straight with m+ stored
for1021 POT exposure
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SBL oscillation searches
AppearanceThe Golden channel
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Experimental Layout
Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Must reject the“wrong” sign m with
great efficiency
AppearanceChannel:
e mGolden
Channel
Why nm ® ne
Appearance Ch.not possible
185 ~ 1900 m
Chris TunnellOxford*
* Now at NIKHEF
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29Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
SuperBIND
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Baseline DetectorSuper B Iron Neutrino Detector: SuperBIND
Magnetized Iron 1.3 kT
Following MINOS ND ME design
1.5 cm Fe plate 6 m diameter
Utilize superconducting transmission line concept for excitation
Developed 10 years ago for VLHC
ITER Extruded scintillator +SiPM
Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
20 cm holefor centralcryostat
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Simulation – m appearance
Full GEANT4 Simulation Extrapolation from ISS and IDS-NF
studies for the MIND detector Uses GENIE to generate the neutrino
interactions. Involves a flexible geometry that
allows the dimensions of the detector to be altered easily (for optimization purposes, for example).
Have not used the detailed B field map, but parameterized fit is very good
Event selection/cuts Multivariate analysis
Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Ryan BayesSteve Bramsiepe
Glasgow
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Event reconstruction efficiency & Backgrounds
Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Boosted Decision Tree (BDT) analysis
Signal efficiency Background efficiency
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e m appearanceCPT invariant channel to MiniBooNE
Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
S:B = 12:1
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34Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
AppearanceExclusion contours
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35Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Systematics for Golden Channelin nuSTORM
Magnetic field uncertainties If we do as well as MINOS (3%), no impact Need high field, however. STL must work
Cross sections and nuclear effects Needs some more work
ND for disappearance ch (100T of SuperBIND) should minimize contribution to the uncertainties
Cosmic rays Not an issue (we do need to distinguish between upward and
downward going muons via timing). Detector modeling (EM & Hadronic showering)
Experience from MINOS indicates we are OK, but this needs more work for SuperBIND
Atmospheric neutrinos Negligible
Beam and rock muons Active veto – no problem
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36Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Systematics II
[232], [233] - MINOS
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37Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
“Robustness” of appearance search
Bkg uncertainty:10% ® 50%
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38Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
“Robustness” of appearance search II
Assuming 1020 POT/yr. for 5 years, 10s contour becomes 8s
Approach to recover: DR higher-order
correction Adynamic .6 -> .9
[1.5] Target
optimization Medium-Z
[1.5]
X2.25
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Disappearance searches
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Raw Event Rates
Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
3+1Assumption
Appearance channels
TremendousStatistical
Significance
m dis. channels follow naturally from m appear.
ne channels will takemore work
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41Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
m disappearance analysis
Efficiency Background
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42Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
m disappearance
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43Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Preliminary e work
SuperBIND is not the ideal detector for ne interaction physics or for the study of NC.
However, SuperBIND’s aggressive design does provide opportunity to study ne disappearance. CC-NC distinction required for these types of events could also
provide an option to study NC disappearance.
Cuts-based analysis lacks discrimination power.MVA approach needed
ne CC
NC
David AdeyFermilab
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Disappearance channels
But:Need self-consistent two-detector
simulation including (bin-to-bin) uncorrelated shape error ~ 10%
A challenge: there may be oscillations already in near detectors Geometry important for Dm2 ~ 101 – 103
eV2 Suitability (& optimization) of SuperBIND
for ne channels still needs to be studied
Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Walter WinterWürzburg
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n Interaction Physics
Preliminary studies
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En spectra ( + stored)
Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
ne
nm-bar
Event rates/100Tat ND hall 50m
from straight with m+ stored
for1021 POT exposure
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47Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
A detector for interaction physics
One Example
HiResMn Evolution of the NOMAD
experiment One of the concepts considered
for ND for LBNE Studied as ND for NF
Capabilities High resolution spectrometer Low density PID & tracking Nuclear targets
Sanjib Mishra
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48Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Cross section measurements
m+ m-
HIRESM – n systematics only
Edward SantosImperial
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49Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Straw man Detector BooNE
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50Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Cross-section measurements
Cross-section measurements m storage ring presents only way to measure
nm & ne & (nu and anti-nu) x-sections in same experiment Supports future long-baseline experiments
• Important to note that with θ13 large, the asymmetry you’re trying to measure is small, so:– Bkg content & uncertainties start to become
more important– A “better” understanding of ν/νbar cross-
sections beneficial
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Accelerator R&D
Looking Forward
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52Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Looking Forward: Beyond physics
Friends in High Places
C. Rubbia, Neutrino Telescopes 2013
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53Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
nuSTORMSetting the stage for the next step
Only ~50% of ps decay in straightNeed p absorber
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54Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Low Energy beam
After 3.48m Fe, we have » 1010 m/pulse in 100 < P(MeV/c) < 300
At end of straight wehave a lot of ps, but also a lot of ms with4.5 < P(GeV/c) < 5.5
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55Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Input beam for some future 6D cooling experiment(s)
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Project Definition Report
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57Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Siting Plan Steve DixonFermilab FESS
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58Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Site schematic
226 m
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59Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Target Station
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60Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
TS section
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61Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Decay ring
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62Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Near detector hall
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63Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Far Detector HallD0 Assembly Building
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64Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
nuSTORM Far Detector Hall
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Costing
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66Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Costing model
Basis of Estimation Conventional facilities
PDR Cost estimates from AD for
Primary beam line Target Station
Cross-checks to LBNE Magnet Costs based on construction analysis for
room temperature magnets and on Strauss & Green model for SC magnets (TD)
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67Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
nuSTORM Costing
Sub System Cost M$
Primary Beam Line 28.5
Target Station 37.9
Transport Line 16.5
Decay Ring 135.2
Near Hall 23.51
SuperBIND 27.12
Site work 27
Other 2.5
Sub Total 298.2
Management 37.13
Total 335.3
1Near Hall sized for multiple experiments & ND for SBL oscillation physics21.3kT Far + .2kT Near & include DAB work3Assumes LBNE estimates: Proj. Office (10%), L2 (9.4%), L3 (4%)
Total contingency – 45%
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68Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
nuSTORM CostingComparison to Jan ‘13 estimate
Sub System Cost M$
Primary Beam Line 24 28.5
Target Station 56 37.9
Transport Line 14 16.5
Decay Ring 82 135.2
Near Hall 29 23.5
Far Detector 24 27.1
Site work -- 27
Other -- 2.5
Sub Total 229 298.2
Management 34 37.1
Total 263 335.3
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Moving Forward
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70Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Important steps to move forward
Stage I approval from this committee would be nice Presentation to the CERN SPSC on June 25th
First formal presentation regarding nuSTORM at CERN Our collaboration submitted EOI in April
Continue our nuSTORM workshops Next at Fermilab with emphasis on n interaction
physics Technical
Decay ring optimization Recover compact (350 m) “design”? Explore lattice with no SC magnets
Target Medium-Z target (Inconel/Invar)?
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71Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Request
S:Scientist, E: Engineer, D:Designer/draftsman
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72Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
nuSTORM EOI to CERN
Twin-Track Approach Develop International support at the Laboratory level for the
concept Bottom-up (grass roots) & Top-down
Has produced significant increase in the size of the collaboration From 38 at time of Fermilab LOI to 110 now (single collaboration)
CERN EOI has requested support to: Investigate in detail how nuSTORM could be implemented at CERN;
and Develop options for decisive European contributions to the
nuSTORM facility and experimental program wherever the facility is sited.
It defines a roughly two-year program which culminates in the delivery of a Technical Design Report.
Submitted in April of this year. Will be presented to the SPSC at its June 25th meeting.
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73
nuSTORM: Conclusions
The Physics case: Simulation work indicates we can confirm/exclude at 10s (CPT
invariant channel) the LSND/MiniBooNE result nm and (ne ) disappearance experiments delivering at the <1% level
look to be doable Systematics need careful analysis Detailed simulation work on these channels has not yet started
n interaction physics studies with near detector(s) offer a unique opportunity & can be extended to cover 0.2<GeV< En< 4 GeV
Could be “transformational” w/r to n interaction physics
For this physics, nuSTORM should really be thought of as a facility: A n “light-source” is a good analogy
nuSTORM provides the beam & users will bring their detector to the near hall
Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
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74Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Conclusions II
The Facility:Presents very manageable extrapolations
from existing technology But can explore new ideas regarding beam
optics and instrumentation Offers opportunities for extensions
Add RF for bunching/acceleration/phase space manipulation
Provide m source for 6D cooling experiment with intense pulsed beam
Utilizes existing Fermilab infrastructure very effectively
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75Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Three Pillars of nuSTORM
Delivers on the physics for the study of sterile n Offering a new approach to
the production of n beams setting a 10 s benchmark to make definitive statement w/r LSND/MiniBooNE
Can add significantly to our knowledge of n interactions, particularly for ne
n “Light Source” Provides an accelerator &
detector technology test bed
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Thank you
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Back Ups
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Required charge mis-ID rate needed for given sensitivity
Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Chris TunnellOxford
Number of useful muon decays
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Accelerator
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80Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
p collection# within p ± 10%
Retune line (with some loss in efficiency)
to cover 0.3<En<4 GeV&
Resultant extension in L/EX2-2.5 from lattice
considerations
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81Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
RFFAG Dynamic Aperture
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Recent FFAG Decay Ring designJB Lagrange, Y Mori, J Pasternak, A Sato
Horizontal (left) and vertical (right) DA (100 turns).Good dispersion matching (new ring).
Preliminary stochastic injection geometry
Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
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Detector Issues
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84
Event Candidates in SuperBIND
Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
HitsR vs. Z
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85Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Fine-Resolution Totally Active Segmented Detector (IDS-NF)
Simulation of a Totally Active Scintillating Detector (TASD) using Nona and Minerna concepts with Geant4
3 cm
1.5 cm15 m
3333 Modules (X and Y plane) Each plane contains 1000 slabs Total: 6.7M channels
· Momenta between 100 MeV/c to 15 GeV/c· Magnetic field considered: 0.5 T· Reconstructed position resolution ~ 4.5 mm
15 m
15
m
150 m
B = 0.5T
35 kT Total Mass
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86
Magnet- Concept for IDS-NF
VLHC SC Transmission Line Technically proven Affordable
1 m iron wall thickness. ~2.4 T peak field in the iron.
Good field uniformityR&D to support concept
Has not been funded
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87Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
TASD Performance
n Event Reconstruction e Muon charge mis-ID rate
Excellent sE
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88
Detector Options
Fid Volume B Recon Costing Model
SuperBIND ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Mag-TASD ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Mag-LAr ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
☑ Yes - OK
☑ Maybe
☑ Not Yet
Technology check List
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NF Physics & 3+n Models
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90Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
NF Upgrade path
P. Coloma, P.Huber, J. Kopp, W. Winter, in preparation
2020 – T2K, NOnA and Daya Bay
LBNE – 1300 km, 34 kt 0.7MW, 2 × 108 s (10 yrs)
LBNO – 2300 km, 100 kt 0.8MW, 1 × 108 s (10 yrs)
T2HK – 295 km, 560 kt 0.7MW, 1.2×108 s (10 yrs)
0.025 IDS-NF 700kW (5 yrs) no cooling 2 × 108 s running time 10 kt detector Still Very Expensive
LBNE (10kt, surface)
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91Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Think even smaller (cheaper)
Low energy Low luminosity NF (L3NF) Add platinum channel (ne appearance)
Need excellent charge ID Em of 5 Gev L = 1300 km
Specifics 700 kW on target 2 X 107 sec/yr. No cooling
1% of baseline NF: 1020 useful m decays/yr. 10 kT of Magnetized LAr
Underground
Confidence region in the q13 – d plane for a particular point in the parameter space, at 1s
Christensen, Coloma and HuberarXiv: 1301.7727
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92Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
L3NF: CPV and MH
What is still so compelling about the NF is how robust its physics case is. Even atonly 1% of the baseline Flux X (Fiducial Mass), it still can do world-class physics.It also presents a tenable upgrade path to explore with much greater precision the nSM and to look beyond, NSIs, heavy n……?.
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93Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
3 + 3 Model
A 3+3 model has recently been shown to better fit all available data
J.M. Conrad, C.M. Ignarra, G. Karagiorgi, M.H. Shaevitz, J. Spitz (arXiv:1207.4765v1)
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94Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
3 + 3 Model II
All DataAppearance Data
Lesson: Have access to as many channels as possible and cover as much of the parameter space as possible
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95Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
L/E dependence
Very different L/E dependencies for different modelsExperiments covering a wide range of L/E regions are required.
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Future sterile searches
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97Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Experiment S:B
LSND 2:1
MiniBooNE 1:1 ® 1:2
ICARUS/NESSiE »1.5:1 / 1:4
LAr-LAr 1:4
K+ DAR »4:1
LSND Reloaded 5:1
oscSNS 3:1
nuSTORM 11:1 ® 20:1
S:B for Appearance ChannelPast and Future(?)
Note: There are a number of experiments with megaCi to petaCi sources next to large detectors that have an exquisite signature of steriles (# evts/unit length displays oscillatory behavior in large detector) and have large effective S:B
SNO+Cr, Ce-Land, LENS, Borexino, Daya Bay IsoDAR A number of very-short baseline reactor experiments
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98Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Appearance
Actually99% CL
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99Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Reactor
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100Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Radioactive source
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Costing
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102Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Association for the Advancement of Costing Engineering (AACE)
Bob O’Sullivan
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103Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
Example: LBNE
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104Alan Bross Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5th, 2013
LBNE cost range