neutrino-like cosmology · Λcdm+n eff+ Ω k+fν+n s Λcdm+n eff ... single temperature: density:...
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NEUTRINO-LIKE COSMOLOGY Signe Riemer-Sørensen University of Queensland Review in PASA arXiv:1301.7102 (Riemer-Sørensen, Parkinson, Davis)
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Measurements
ΛCDM+Neff+Ωk+fν+ns ΛCDM+Neff+Ωk+fν+w ΛCDM+Neff+fν+w ΛCDM+Neff+Ωk+fν ΛCDM+Neff+Ωk ΛCDM+Neff+Yp
ΛCDM+Neff+fν
ΛCDM+Neff
2
3
4
5
6
7
Neff
W7+SPT+BAO
+H0+Union2 1
W7+CM
B+LRG+SN+H0 2
W7+CM
B+BAO+SN+H0 3
W7+CM
B+LRG+H0 4
W7+CM
B+BAO+H0 5
W7+H0+W
L+BAO+H(z)+Union2 6
W7+SPT+W
iggleZ+H(z)+BAO+SNLS
7
W9+SPT+W
iggleZ+H(z)+BAO+SNLS
8
W7+SPT+BAO
+H0 9W7+SPT+BAO
+H0+Union2 10
W7+ACT+SPT+BAO
+H0 11
W7+ACT+SPT+BAO
+H0 12
W7+BAO
+H0 13W7+ACT
14W7+ACT+BAO
+H0 15W7+SPT+W
iggleZ+H(z)+BAO+SNLS
16
W7+CM
B+LRG+H0 17
W7+CM
B+BAO+H0 18
W7+ACT+SPT+LRG
+H0 19
W7+SPTSZ+BAO
+H0 20
W7+SDSS+H0 21
W7+SDSS+H0+Union2 22
W7+SDSS+H0+Union2+
4He+D/H23
W7+H0+W
L+BAO+H(z)+Union2 24
W7+SPT+BAO
+H0 25W7+SNLS+BAO
+BOSS
26
W7+SPT+BAO
+H0 274He 28D/H
29D/H+
4He 30W7+D/H
31W7+SPT(agnostic) 32
W7+SPT
33W7+ACT+SPT+BAO
+H0 34
W7+ACT+SPT+LRG
+H0 35
W7+SPT+BAO
+H0 36W7+SPT
37W7+ACT+BAO
+H0 38W7+ACT
39W7+LRG
+H0 40W7+BAO
+H0 41W5+LRG
+maxBG
C+H0 42
W5+CM
B+BAO+fgas+H0 43
W5+LRG
+H0 44W5+BAO
+SN+H0 45W7+H0+SDSS+SN+CHFTLS
46
W7+SPT+H(z)+H0 47
W7+H0+W
L+BAO+H(z)+Union2 48
W7+ACBAR+BAO
+H0+ACT49
W7+ACBAR+ACT+SPT+SDSS+H0 50
W7+ACBAR+ACT+SPT+SDSS+M
SH0 51
W7+SPT+BAO
+H0 52W7+SPT
53W7+H0 54
W7+SPT+BAO
+H0 55W7+SPT
56W7+SPT+BAO
+H0 57W9+ACT+SPT+BAO
+H0 58
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Early Universe and cosmology
str.llnl.gov
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Neutrino decoupling
str.llnl.gov
Neutrino decoupling (MeV)
Fermi-Dirac phase space Single temperature: Density: Ultra relativistic if mν< 1eV
Tν =411!
"#
$
%&1/3
Tγ
ρν = Neff7π 2
120T 4ν
energy density in one family with temp T
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Dark radiation effects Expansion Nuclear Structure
Changing weak interaction rates
Suppressing structure formation
CMB Galaxies
Abundances (D, He, Li) Galaxies
CMB experiments Galaxy surveys
CMB experiments Galactic abundances Inter galactic absorption in quasar spectra
Galaxy surveys Lyman alpha forest
H 2 (z) ≈ 8πG3
ργ + ρν( )
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Nucleosynthesis (BBN)
str.llnl.gov
Nucleosynthesis (0.8 MeV)
Formation of D (n+p) and He (2n+2p) Increase expansion rate: More D, He Sterile neutrinos change electron neutrino spectrum?
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Electron re-combination
str.llnl.gov
Photon re-heating (0.2 MeV)
e-+e+ -> γγ Photon re-heating Absorbed in so Neff = 3.046
ρν = Neff7π 2
120T 4ν
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Matter-radiation equality
str.llnl.gov
Matter-radiation equality (0.8 eV)
Determines when structures can grow
aeqa0
=1
1− fνΩr
Ωm
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Recombination and photon decoupling
str.llnl.gov
Recombination (e++p) Photon decoupling (CMB) (0.25 eV)
map.gsfc.nasa.gov
francisthemulenews.wordpress.com
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Hinshaw, 2013
Cosmic microwave background
Temperature fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background
Tem
per
ature
flu
ctuat
ions
[μK
2]
Amplitude (matter-radiation equality)
Damping tail (expansion, diffusion,
anisotropic stress)
Peak positions (expansion)
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Increase Neff
• Change positions and amplitudes
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Increase Σmν
• Very little effect
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Structure formation
str.llnl.gov
Neutrinos become non-relativistic Remove “matter” Structures form slower
Structure formation
znr ≈ 2×103 mν ,i
eV
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Neutrinos wipe out structure
ilovephilosophy.com
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Galaxy surveys
Hubblesite.org
num
ber
of
gala
xy p
airs
per
vol
um
e
Large scales Small scales
faint wiggles = acoustic
oscillations
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Increase Neff • Suppress power on small scales
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Increase Σmν
• Suppress power on small scales
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Degeneracies
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Complicating factors • Oscillation experiments prefer ~eV
mass – ruled out by cosmology unless
• non-thermal velocity distribution • can change nucleosynthesis • can avoid mass bounds from structure
formation
• non-equilibrium
• lepton asymmetry • suppress oscillation to sterile states
via matter-like effects • enhance production via resonances
Saviano et al. 2013
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Results
ΛCDM+Neff+Ωk+fν+ns ΛCDM+Neff+Ωk+fν+w ΛCDM+Neff+fν+w ΛCDM+Neff+Ωk+fν ΛCDM+Neff+Ωk ΛCDM+Neff+Yp
ΛCDM+Neff+fν
ΛCDM+Neff
2
3
4
5
6
7
Neff
W7+SPT+BAO
+H0+Union2 1
W7+CM
B+LRG+SN+H0 2
W7+CM
B+BAO+SN+H0 3
W7+CM
B+LRG+H0 4
W7+CM
B+BAO+H0 5
W7+H0+W
L+BAO+H(z)+Union2 6
W7+SPT+W
iggleZ+H(z)+BAO+SNLS
7
W9+SPT+W
iggleZ+H(z)+BAO+SNLS
8
W7+SPT+BAO
+H0 9W7+SPT+BAO
+H0+Union2 10
W7+ACT+SPT+BAO
+H0 11
W7+ACT+SPT+BAO
+H0 12
W7+BAO
+H0 13W7+ACT
14W7+ACT+BAO
+H0 15W7+SPT+W
iggleZ+H(z)+BAO+SNLS
16
W7+CM
B+LRG+H0 17
W7+CM
B+BAO+H0 18
W7+ACT+SPT+LRG
+H0 19
W7+SPTSZ+BAO
+H0 20
W7+SDSS+H0 21
W7+SDSS+H0+Union2 22
W7+SDSS+H0+Union2+
4He+D/H23
W7+H0+W
L+BAO+H(z)+Union2 24
W7+SPT+BAO
+H0 25W7+SNLS+BAO
+BOSS
26
W7+SPT+BAO
+H0 274He 28D/H
29D/H+
4He 30W7+D/H
31W7+SPT(agnostic) 32
W7+SPT
33W7+ACT+SPT+BAO
+H0 34
W7+ACT+SPT+LRG
+H0 35
W7+SPT+BAO
+H0 36W7+SPT
37W7+ACT+BAO
+H0 38W7+ACT
39W7+LRG
+H0 40W7+BAO
+H0 41W5+LRG
+maxBG
C+H0 42
W5+CM
B+BAO+fgas+H0 43
W5+LRG
+H0 44W5+BAO
+SN+H0 45W7+H0+SDSS+SN+CHFTLS
46
W7+SPT+H(z)+H0 47
W7+H0+W
L+BAO+H(z)+Union2 48
W7+ACBAR+BAO
+H0+ACT49
W7+ACBAR+ACT+SPT+SDSS+H0 50
W7+ACBAR+ACT+SPT+SDSS+M
SH0 51
W7+SPT+BAO
+H0 52W7+SPT
53W7+H0 54
W7+SPT+BAO
+H0 55W7+SPT
56W7+SPT+BAO
+H0 57W9+ACT+SPT+BAO
+H0 58
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Neff summary • Effects of relativistic species • Change nucleosynthesis -> increased abundances • Increase expansion rate -> dampen structure • Matter redistribution -> dampen structure
• Parametrised as effective number of neutrinos
• APPLIES TO ALL RELATIVISTIC SPECIES AND CHANGES TO GRAVITY
• Planck expected to measure ΔNeff with an uncertainty of
0.1
• If Neff ≠ 3: precise measurements of primordial nuclear abundances break degeneracies
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Sterile neutrino dark matter • eV scale dark matter ruled out by phase-space constraints • νMSM • neutrino mass generation and flavour oscillations • baryon asymmetry • dark matter, keV mass -> non-relativistic before CMB • resonantly produced, non-thermal, require lepton asymmetry • keV emission
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1 10ms [keV]
10-14
10-12
10-10
10-8
10-6
sin
2(2!)
Sterile neutrino dark matter Emission line searches: Bullet Cluster, Milky Way, M31, Ursa Minor (Boyarsky et al., Watson et al. Loewenstein et al., Abazajian et al., Yüksel et al.)
Too much dark matter, Ων>Ω
DM
L > 2.5×10-3 violating BBN
Phas
e sp
ace
const
rain
ts
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1 10ms [keV]
10-14
10-12
10-10
10-8
10-6
sin
2(2!)
Sterile neutrino dark matter Emission line searches: Bullet Cluster, Milky Way, M31, Ursa Minor (Boyarsky et al., Watson et al. Loewenstein et al., Abazajian et al., Yüksel et al.)
Too much dark matter, Ων>Ω
DM
L > 2.5×10-3 violating BBN
Phas
e sp
ace
const
rain
ts
Lyman alpha (Viel et al., Seljak et al., Boyarsky et al.)
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Majoron dark matter • Seesaw mechanism
to generate neutrino masses
• Break lepton symmetry -> massive Nambu-Goldstone boson: Majoron
• keV-GeV mass dark matter
• J -> νν, J -> γγ
100 102 104 106 108
Ea [keV]
10−40
10−35
10−30
10−25
KJaa [
s−1 ]
A4 symmetry with u6 = 100 MeVA4 symmetry with u6 = 10 MeVA4 symmetry with u6 = 1 MeVA4 symmetry with u6 = 10 keVA4 symmetry with u6 = 100 eV
Observational constraints
`=1 `=0.1
v 3 = 5
GeV
v 3 = 1
GeV
v 3 = 0
.1 G
eVv 3 =
0.0
1 Ge
V
Bazzocchi et al. 2008, Esteves et al. 2010, Lattanzi, SRS et al. in prep
PRELIMINARY
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Neutrino dark matter summary • Models for neutrino mass generation can provide dark matter • Some models can be constrained observationally • Relevant because no SUSY needed