neuroscience- inspired design - rsa · cognitive neuroscience can help to design warning signals...
TRANSCRIPT
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Charles Spence Crossmodal Research Lab.
Oxford University
Neuroscience-inspired design
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Just, Keller, & Cynkar (2008)
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Wickens (1980, 1984, 1988, 1991,
1992...) Multiple Resource Theory
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Driver Distraction
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HUDs!
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The challenge: Demonstrate that cognitive neuroscience can help to design warning signals for drivers that are significantly better that a smart (ie intuitive) engineer would think of.
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Electrical microstimulation of the polysensory zone in the monkey
elicits stereotypical defensive movements such as movements of the
monkey’s arm behind its back, or complex defensive posture
involving a facial squint, a head turn, and the arm and hand moving to
a guarding position (taken from Graziano et al., 2004).
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Near rear peripersonal
warning signals
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Transport Research Laboratory Driving
Simulator (Crowthorne, Berkshire, UK)
Distance
indicator
Too close
(< 1.8 s)
Appropriate headway
(1.8 – 2.2 s)
Too far
(> 2.2 s)
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Ho, Reed, & Spence (2006)
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
Valid Invalid None
Cue type
RT
(m
s)
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
Sh
ort
es
t h
ea
dw
ay
(m
)
RT Shortest headway
400 m
s!
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Brake lights
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
Vibrotactile Auditory Audiotactile
Cue type
Me
an
RT
(m
s)
Off On
Ho, Reed, & Spence (2007)
20
0 m
s!
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Suetomi & Kido (1997) estimate that 500 ms reduction in braking reaction times would
reduce front-to-rear-end collisions by up to 60%!
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Fitch et al. (2007)
Compared drivers’ ability
to verbally localize
direction (8 in total) of
warning signals on road:
auditory (32%; 2.8 sec)
tactile (86%; 2.4 sec) &
audiotactile (81%; 2.4 sec)
Results highlight driver difficulty
in localizing sounds inside car.
No multisensory enhancement
effect observed.
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Neuroscience-inspired design
• Near-rear peripersonal signals
• Multisensory > unisensory signals
• Spatial coincidence can be critical
• BUT: Many studies with just 1
warning signal; What about
compensatory behaviors?
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Prof. Charles Spence Crossmodal Research Lab.
Oxford University
Twitter: @xmodal
Facebook: www.facebook.com/xmodal
http://www.psy.ox.ac.uk/xmodal/