Box 3A The Voltage Clamp Technique

Box 3A The Voltage Clamp Technique

Figure 3.1 Current flow across a squid axon membrane during a voltage clamp experiment

Figure 3.1 Current flow across a squid axon membrane during a voltage clamp experiment (Part 1)

Figure 3.1 Current flow across a squid axon membrane during a voltage clamp experiment (Part 2)

Figure 3.2 Current produced by membrane depolarizations to several different potentials

Figure 3.2 Current produced by membrane depolarizations to several different potentials (Part 1)

Figure 3.2 Current produced by membrane depolarizations to several different potentials (Part 2)

Figure 3.3 Relationship between current amplitude and membrane potential

Figure 3.4 Dependence of the early inward current on sodium

Figure 3.5 Pharmacological separation of Na+ and K+ currents

Figure 3.6 Membrane conductance changes underlying the action potential are time- and voltage-dependent

Figure 3.6 Membrane conductance changes underlying the action potential are time- and voltage-dependent (Part 1)

Figure 3.6 Membrane conductance changes underlying the action potential are time- and voltage-dependent (Part 2)

Figure 3.6 Membrane conductance changes underlying the action potential are time- and voltage-dependent (Part 3)

Figure 3.6 Membrane conductance changes underlying the action potential are time- and voltage-dependent (Part 4)

Figure 3.7 Depolarization increases Na+ and K+ conductances of the squid giant axon

Figure 3.8 Mathematical reconstruction of the action potential

Figure 3.8 Mathematical reconstruction of the action potential (Part 1)

Figure 3.8 Mathematical reconstruction of the action potential (Part 2)

Figure 3.8 Mathematical reconstruction of the action potential (Part 3)

Figure 3.9 Feedback cycles responsible for membrane potential changes during an action potential

Box 3B Threshold

Figure 3.10 Passive current flow in an axon

Figure 3.10 Passive current flow in an axon (Part 1)

Figure 3.10 Passive current flow in an axon (Part 2)

Box 3C(1) Passive Membrane Properties

Box 3C(2) Passive Membrane Properties

Figure 3.11 Propagation of an action potential

Figure 3.12 Action potential conduction requires both active and passive current flow

Figure 3.12 Action potential conduction requires both active and passive current flow (Part 1)

Figure 3.12 Action potential conduction requires both active and passive current flow (Part 2)

Figure 3.13 Saltatory action potential conduction along a myelinated axon

Figure 3.13 Saltatory action potential conduction along a myelinated axon (Part 1)

Figure 3.13 Saltatory action potential conduction along a myelinated axon (Part 2)

Figure 3.13 Saltatory action potential conduction along a myelinated axon (Part 3)

Figure 3.14 Speed of action potential conduction in unmyelinated versus myelinated axons

Figure 3.14 Speed of action potential conduction in unmyelinated versus myelinated axons (Part 1)

Figure 3.14 Speed of action potential conduction in unmyelinated versus myelinated axons (Part 2)

Figure 3.14 Speed of action potential conduction in unmyelinated versus myelinated axons (Part 3)