neuron (nerve cell) anatomyhydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/courses/bio102/nervouspost.pdf · na+ na+ a...
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Axon
Axon
Axon
Dendrite Dendrites
Cell Body
Neuron (Nerve cell) Anatomy
Synapse
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unsheathed node axon
Myelin Sheath: lipid-rich insulation around Axon Two Functions:
Insulation
Cell body
Dendrite
Make nerve impulse faster
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Nerve cell at rest. Inside of cell is negative, outside of cell is positive.
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1. Na+ channel opens. Na+ ions flow into cell. Reverses charge. Now positive inside, negative outside.
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2. Step 1 causes next Na+ channel to open, Action Potential moves along Axon away from cell body.
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3. K+ channels open right after Na+ channel. K+ flows out and restores negative charge inside, positive charge outside.
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4. Sodium-Potassium pump uses ATP energy to pump Na+ back out and K+ back in. Membrane potential restored.
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Na+
action potential Membrane potential Membrane potential
Cell body Next Nerve
Axon
How the myelin sheath speeds nerve impulses
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Na+
action potential Membrane potential Membrane potential restored
K+
Cell body Next Nerve
Axon
How the myelin sheath speeds nerve impulses
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Axon
synaptic vesicle
membrane receptor for neurotransmitter
Synapse plasma membrane of
postsynaptic cell
Ca2+ Ca2+ Ca2+
Ca2+ Ca2+
Action Potential