neural influences on exercise chapter 11. neuromotor system organization central nervous system...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Neural influences on exercise
Chapter 11
![Page 2: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Neuromotor System Organization Neuromotor System Organization
• Central nervous system (CNS)– Includes the brain and spinal cord
• Peripheral nervous system (PNS) – Is comprised of cranial and spinal nerves
![Page 3: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Major Neuron ClassificationsMajor Neuron Classifications• Motor (efferent) neurons
– Supply extrafusal and intrafusal skeletal muscle fibers
• Sensory (afferent) neurons – Transmit sensory information from peripheral sensory
receptors to the brain
![Page 6: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Peripheral Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System
• Consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves (8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal) and 12 pairs of cranial nerves
![Page 8: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Neurotransmitters of the BrainNeurotransmitters of the Brain• Neurotransmitters-
chemical messengers• Synapse= gap between
nerves
![Page 9: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Somatic Nervous System Somatic Nervous System
• Innervates (voluntary) skeletal muscle
• Somatic efferent nerve firing excites muscle activation
![Page 11: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
• Innervates smooth muscle (involuntary muscle) in the intestines, sweat and salivary glands, myocardium, and some endocrine glands
• Has two distinct divisions– Sympathetic – Parasympathetic
![Page 12: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Sympathetic Nervous SystemSympathetic Nervous System• Sympathetic neurons
– Exit the spinal cord and enter a series of ganglia (sympathetic chain) near the cord
– Release norepinephrine
• Activated during flight-or-fight situations– Accelerates breathing and heart
rate – Dilates pupils– Helps redistribute blood flow
from the skin to deeper tissues in anticipation of a perceived challenge
![Page 13: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Parasympathetic Nervous SystemParasympathetic Nervous System
• Parasympathetic nerve neurons – Release acetylcholine (cholinergic fibers)– Produce effects opposite of sympathetic fibers
![Page 14: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ReflexesReflexes• Autonomic reflex
arc – Monosynaptic
reflex arc
– Polysynaptic reflex arc
• Complex reflexes – Crossed-extensor
reflex
• Learned reflexes
![Page 16: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Reflexes• Sensory input• Transmission of
afferent impulses to spinal cord via sensory root
• Causes muscle fibres to contract
![Page 17: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Sports reflexes
What happens in each of the players to enable them to catch the ball??
![Page 19: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Muscle fibre types
![Page 20: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
All-or-None Principle All-or-None Principle
• If a stimulus triggers an action potential in the motoneuron, all of the accompanying muscle fibers contract synchronously
• A single motor unit cannot generate strong and weak contractions—either the impulse elicits a contraction or it does not
![Page 22: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Lab manuals
• Must be to me by Friday– My office 3.11
• Or 10% penalty per day
• Special consideration
![Page 23: Neural influences on exercise Chapter 11. Neuromotor System Organization Central nervous system (CNS) –Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081515/5697bfe21a28abf838cb48bc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Prac break
• 3 weeks 2nd year prac
• 1 week mid semester break