neuen technologien für die Übertragungsnetze von morgen

||Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug(Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster») 18.06.2015Christian M. Franck 1

Christian M. Franck (ETH Zürich, D-ITET, HVL)ESC / RGI – Anlass: «Das Stromnetz der Zukunft», 18. Juni 2015

Untertitel: Stichpunkt 1.Ebene

Stichpunkt 2.Ebene

Titel

Neue Technologien für die Übertragungsnetze von Morgen

Quelle: Axpo


Motivation

• increased use of new renewable generation sites• long distance between source and load• fluctuating sources and loads• remote bulk storage sitesbut:• little public acceptance for large infrastructure projects


What are the options (today)?

• Building new overhead lines

• «Upgrading» existing infrastructure

• Underground transmission lines

Aim of talk:• Give overview on (near future) technology options

with advantages and disadvantages

• Give two detailed examples on present research at ETH-HVL


New OHL (established)

Typical tower structures and rights-of-way for alternative transmissionsystems (2000 MW) [Arrillaga, 1998]


New OHL (novel)

Four-circuit Wintrackpylon (380kV)[tennet.eu]

16.7 Hz transmission- lower losses- less reactive power

Novel tower design


„Upgrading“

………… make better use of existing infrastructure

• Voltage increase

220kV 380kV

380kV 500kV


„Upgrading“



220kV 380kV

380kV 500kV

• PMU / FACTS – devices

[abb.com]


„Upgrading“



220kV 380kV

380kV 500kV


• High Temperature Conductors

[abb.com]

[3m.com]


„Upgrading“



220kV 380kV

380kV 500kV



• Dynamic Line Rating

• Hybrid HVAC/HVDC overhead lines

[abb.com]

[3m.com]


„Upgrading“



220kV 380kV

380kV 500kV



• Dynamic Line Rating

• Hybrid HVAC/HVDC overhead lines

Example in this presentation


Undergrounding (today)

• Paper-Oil Insulated cables

• XLPE insulated cables

[abb.com]

[bruggcables.com]


Undergrounding (prospective)

• Gas Insulated Lines

• Superconducting Cables

[siemens.com]

[nexans.de]


Example I: Hybrid AC/DC overhead lines

In cooperation with and/or supported by:



400kV multi-circuit AC line replace one AC system

with HVDC using existing construction

Research question: optimal conductor

arrangement subject to legislation constraints?(several hundred options)


Example I: Hybrid AC/DC overhead linesadvantage: DC power with Upeak

no skin-effect No reactive power of line Better control of power flow

(n-1 criterion)

Influencing factors: Split up AC bundles?

Neutral return? Structural strength?

Voltage increase? Insulators? Corona?

~ +

−~

~

oo

n

~ +

−~

~


Example I: Hybrid AC/DC overhead linesCorona: - partial discharges due to locally enhanced fields

- Ionisation above critical surface voltage gradient- space-charge dominated electric field strength

effects: power loss, space charge, radio interferenceaudible noise, ozone production

source: Phase-One @ ETH Zürich

[Kapzow 1955]

Foto: High Voltage Laboratory, ETH



effects: power loss, space charge, radio interferenceaudible noise, ozone production

magnetic ground fieldelectric ground field

Corona

magnetic ground fieldelectric ground field

Ion currentsCorona

AC fields

AC-Corona

DC fields

DC-Corona

Quelle: Phase-One @ ETH Zürich


Verification of simulations with experiments

Corona investigation at ETH Zurich (HVL)

Calculation of

• Ion currents• Current coupling• Fields on ground• Audible noise

||Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug(Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster») 18.06.2015 19

Corona investigation at ETH Zurich (HVL)

HVL-LabHVDC (6m)± 0-240 kV

HVAC (6m)0-200 kVeff

FKH-Dänikensource: Google Maps

l = 40md = var. Outdoor

(in preparation)


Field enhancement on ground by ions

Electric field is influenced by ion currents (space charge)

[Guillod 2013], ETH

Conductor arrangement• Optimization possible• conductors can shield ion currents• but: current coupling


Ion drift by wind

wind increases corona current

Influence of wind direction

wider corridor?

increased coupling?

[Guillod et al. 2014], ETH


DC corona and rain (lab)

(1) Start of rain, drops on top

(2) Constant rain, many (sharp) drops

(3) After rain (drying off), few (blunt) drops

(1) Start of rain: Corona onset due to rain drops Increasing number of drops

Increasing corona currentdecreasing audible noise level

(2) steady-state rain: Many (sharp) droplets

Highest ion current level Lowest audible noise level

(3) After rain (drying off): Few (blunt) drops

Highest audible noise level lowest ion current

(1)

(2)

(3)


Future Electric Power Transmission

today: 2’000 MVA «tomorrow»: 5’600 MVA


Future Electric Power Transmission

today: 2’000 MVA «tomorrow»: 5’600 MVA

2 x 400 kVAC: 2 x 1’000 MVA

400 kVAC: 1’700 MW

500 kVDC: 2’900 MVA400 kVAC:

1’000 MVA

Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit

neuen technologien für die Übertragungsnetze von morgen

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