networking for home and small businesses -...

Networking for Home and Small Businesses

CCNA Discovery Learning Guide

Instructor Edition—Labs Only

Allan Reid

Jim Lorenz

Cisco Press

800 East 96th Street

Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA

ii Networking for Home and Small Businesses, CCNA Discovery Learning Guide

Networking for Home and Small

Businesses

CCNA Discovery Learning GuideInstructor Edition—Labs OnlyAllan Reid • Jim Lorenz

Copyright © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Published by:Cisco Press800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in anyform or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, record-ing, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permissionfrom the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review.

ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-577-5

ISBN-10: 1-58705-577-5

Trademark Acknowledgments

All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service markshave been appropriately capitalized. Cisco Press or Cisco Systems, Inc., cannotattest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not beregarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.

Publisher

Paul Boger

Associate Publisher

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Cisco Representative

Anthony Wolfenden

Cisco Press Program Manager

Jeff Brady

Executive Editor

Mary Beth Ray

Managing Editor

Patrick Kanouse

Development Editors

Dayna Isley, Drew Cupp

Project Editor

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Copy Editor

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Technical Editors

Nolan Fretz, Charles Hannon, Bill Shurbert, Matt Swinford,Michael Duane Taylor

Editorial Assistant

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iii

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About the Authors

Allan Reid is the curriculum lead and a CCNA/CCNP instructor at the Centennial College CATC inToronto, Canada. Allan is a professor in the Information and Communications EngineeringTechnology department and an instructor and program supervisor for the School of ContinuingEducation at Centennial College. He has developed and taught networking courses for both privateand public organizations and has been instrumental in the development and implementation of numer-ous certificate, diploma, and degree programs in networking. Allan is also a curriculum developer forthe Cisco Networking Academy. Outside of his academic responsibilities, he has been active in thecomputer and networking fields for more than 25 years and is currently a principal in a company spe-cializing in the design, management, and security of network solutions for small and medium-sizedcompanies. Allan authored the first edition of WAN Technologies CCNA 4 Companion Guide (CiscoPress, ISBN: 1-58713-172-2) and Using a Networker’s Journal, which is a supplement to ANetworker’s Journal (Cisco Press, ISBN: 1-58713-158-7). Most recently, Allan co-authored theCCNA Discovery online academy courses “Networking for Home and Small Businesses” and“Introducing Routing and Switching in the Enterprise” with Jim Lorenz.

Jim Lorenz is an instructor and curriculum developer for the Cisco Networking Academy. Jim co-authored several Cisco Press titles including Fundamentals of UNIX Companion Guide, SecondEdition (ISBN 1-58713-140-4), Fundamentals of UNIX Lab Companion, Second Edition (ISBN 1-58713-139-0), and the third editions of the CCNA Lab Companions. He has more than 20 years’experience in information systems ranging from programming and database administration to networkdesign and project management. Jim has developed and taught computer and networking courses forboth public and private institutions. As the Cisco Academy Manager at Chandler-Gilbert CommunityCollege in Arizona, he was instrumental in starting the Information Technology Institute (ITI) anddeveloped a number of certificates and degree programs. Most recently, Jim co-authored the CCNADiscovery online academy courses “Networking for Home and Small Businesses” and “IntroducingRouting and Switching in the Enterprise” with Allan Reid.

iv Networking for Home and Small Businesses, CCNA Discovery Learning Guide

About the Technical Reviewers

Nolan Fretz is currently a college professor in network and telecommunications engineering technology at Okanagan College in Kelowna, British Columbia. He has almost 20 years of experiencein implementing and maintaining IP networks and has been sharing his experiences by educating stu-dents in computer networking for the past nine years. He holds a master’s degree in information tech-nology.

Charles Hannon is an assistant professor of network design and administration at SouthwesternIllinois College. He has been a Cisco Certified Academy Instructor (CCAI) since 1998. Charles has amaster of arts in education from Maryville University, St. Louis, Missouri, currently holds a validCCNA certification, and has eight years’ experience in Management of Information Systems.Charles’ priority is to empower students to become successful and compassionate lifelong learners.

Bill Shurbert is a professor of information technology at New Hampshire Technical Institute, inConcord, New Hampshire. Bill holds a bachelor’s degree in technical management from SouthernNew Hampshire University. He enjoys teaching Cisco CCNA, Wireless, and IT Essentials classes. Inhis off time, you can find Bill and Joanne, his wife of 25+ years, sailing the waters of LakeWinnipesaukee.

Matt Swinford, associate professor of network design and administration at Southwestern IllinoisCollege, has been an active Cisco Certified Academy Instructor (CCAI) since 1999. Matt is dedicatedto fostering a learning environment that produces certified students and quality IT professionals. Matthas a masters of business administration from Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville,Edwardsville, Illinois and currently holds valid CCNP, A+, and Microsoft Certifications.

Michael Duane Taylor is department head of computer information sciences at the Raleigh Campusof ECPI College of Technology. He has more than seven years’ experience teaching introductory net-working and CCNA-level curriculum and was awarded the Instructor of the Year Award. Previously,Michael was a lab supervisor with Global Knowledge working with router hardware configuration andrepair. He holds a bachelor’s degree in business administration from the University of North Carolinaat Chapel Hill and a masters of science in industrial technology/computer network management fromEast Carolina University. His certifications include CCNA, CCNP-router, and MCSE.

v

Acknowledgments

From Allan and Jim:

We want to thank Mary Beth Ray, Dayna Isley, and Drew Cupp with Cisco Press for their help andguidance in putting this book together. We also want to thank the technical editors, Mike Taylor, BillShurbert, Nolan Fretz, Charlie Hannon, and Matt Swinford. Their attention to detail and suggestionsmade a significant contribution to the accuracy and clarity of the content.

We would also like to acknowledge the entire CCNA Discovery development team from CiscoSystems, especially Carole Knieriem and Amy Gerrie for their input, support, and cooperation in thedevelopment of the book.

vi Networking for Home and Small Businesses, CCNA Discovery Learning Guide

Dedications

This book is dedicated to my children: Andrew, Philip, Amanda, Christopher, and Shaun. You are myinspiration, and you make it all worthwhile. Thank you for your patience and support.

— Allan Reid

To the three most important people in my life: my wife Mary, and my daughters, Jessica and Natasha.Thanks for your patience and support.

— Jim Lorenz

vii

Contents at a Glance

Introduction xvi

Part II: Labs

Chapter 1 Labs: Personal Computer Hardware 1

Chapter 2 Labs: Operating Systems 19

Chapter 3 Labs: Connecting to the Network 27

Chapter 4 Labs: Connecting to the Internet Through an ISP 53

Chapter 5 Labs: Network Addressing 73

Chapter 6 Labs: Network Services 87

Chapter 7 Labs: Wireless Technologies 97

Chapter 8 Labs: Basic Security 119

Chapter 9 Labs: Troubleshooting Your Network 133

Chapter 10 Capstone Project: Putting It All Together 147

Glossary 163

viii Networking for Home and Small Businesses, CCNA Discovery Learning Guide

ix

Contents

Introduction xvi

PART IPart II Labs

Chapter 1 Labs: Personal Computer Hardware 1

Lab 1-1: Determining Data Storage Capacity (1.3.2.2) 1

Task 1: Identify the Amount of RAM in a Computer 1

Task 2: Determine the Size of the Hard Disk Drive 2

Task 3: Determine the Free Space and Used Space on the Hard Drive 3

Task 4: Check for Other Storage Devices 4

Task 5: Reflection 5

Lab 1-2: Determining the Screen Resolution of a Computer (1.3.3.4) 6

Task 1: Determine the Current Screen Resolution 6

Task 2: Determine the Maximum Resolution for the Highest Color Quality 7

Task 3: Calculate the Pixels for Current and Maximum Resolution Settings 7

Task 4: Identify the Type of Graphics Card Installed 8

Task 5: Identify the Type of Monitor and Available Refresh Rates 8

Lab 1-3: Installing a Printer and Verifying Its Operation (1.5.3.4) 10

Task 1: Add a Printer 10

Task 2: Verify the Printer Installation 13

Task 3: Download and Install an Updated Printer Driver 14

Task 4: Verify the New Driver Installation 18

Chapter 2 Labs: Operating Systems 19

Lab 2-1: Examining Operating System and Application Versions (2.3.3.2) 19

Task 1: Determine the Windows XP Version and Revision Number 19

Task 2: Configure Windows XP for Updates 20

Task 3: Determine an Application Version 21


Challenge Lab 2-2: Evaluating an OS Upgrade 21

Task 1: Locate Minimum Requirements for Windows Vista 22

Task 2: Determine the Hardware Information for the Computer Using winmsd.exe 23

Task 3: Determine CPU Type and Amount of RAM Using System Properties 23

Task 4: Determine Hard Disk Capacity and Amount of Free Disk Space Using My ComputerProperties 23

Task 5: Check for Other Drives (Floppy, CD-ROM, DVD) 24

Task 6: Verify the Monitor and Graphics Capabilities 24

Task 7: Download and Run Windows Vista Upgrade Advisor 24


Chapter 3 Labs: Connecting to the Network 27

Lab 3-1: Building a Peer-to-Peer Network (3.1.5.3) 27

Task 1: Diagram the Network 27

Task 2: Document the PCs 27

x Networking for Home and Small Businesses, CCNA Discovery Learning Guide

Task 3: Connect the Ethernet Cable 28

Task 4: Verify Physical Connectivity 29

Task 5: Configure IP Settings 29

Task 6: Verify IP Connectivity Between the Two PCs 30

Task 7: Verify Connectivity Using My Network Places 31

Task 8: (Optional) Re-enable the Firewall 31

Lab 3-2: Determine the MAC Address of a Host (3.3.3.2) 32

Task 1: Open a Windows Command Prompt Window 32

Task 2: Use the ipconfig /all Command 32

Task 3: Locate the MAC (Physical) Address(es) in the Output from the ipconfig /all Command 33


Lab 3-3: Determine the IP Address of a Computer (3.3.6.2) 34

Task 1: Determine the IP Address of the Computer 34

Lab 3-4: IP Addresses and Network Communication (3.5.2.2) 36

Task 1: Connect the PCs to Create a Peer-to-Peer Network 36

Task 2: Verify Physical Connectivity 36

Task 3: Configure IP Settings for the Two PCs 37

Task 4: Verify IP Connectivity Between the Two PCs 37

Task 5: Change IP Address for PC2 38

Task 6: Test Network Connectivity Between the Two PCs 39

Task 7: Change IP Address for PC1 39

Task 8: Test Network Connectivity Between the Two PCs 40


Lab 3-5: Connect and Configure Hosts (3.6.4.3) 41

Task 1: Identify Ethernet Ports 41

Task 2: Connect the Cable Between the PC and the Router 42

Task 3: Assign the PCs an IP Address and Default Gateway 42

Task 4: Verify the IP Address Configuration 43

Task 5: Test Connectivity Between the Two PCs 44

Task 6: Configure the NetBIOS Name 44

Task 7: Verify Configuration 45


Task 9: Return IP Address and NetBIOS Name to Original Values 46


Lab 3-6: Sharing Resources (3.6.5.3) 48

Task 1: Share a Folder 48

Task 2: Map Network Drives to Provide Quick and Easy Access to Shared Folders 50

Task 3: Verify Work 51


Contents xi

Chapter 4 Labs: Connecting to the Internet Through an ISP 53

Lab 4-1: Tracing Internet Connectivity (4.2.3.3) 53

Task 1: (Optional) Download and Install a Free Program 53

Task 2: Locate Websites 54

Task 3: (Optional) Use Downloaded Visual Trace Route Tool 54

Task 4: Use the tracert Command 55

Task 5: Use the pathping Command 56

Task 6: (Optional) Use the whois Function 56


Lab 4-2: Building Straight-Through and Crossover UTP Cables (4.5.3.2) 58

Part A: Build and Test an Ethernet Straight-Through Patch Cable 59Task A1: Obtain and Prepare the Cable 59Task A2: Prepare and Insert the Wires 59Task A3: Inspect, Crimp, and Reinspect 60Task A4: Terminate the Other Cable End 61Task A5: Test the Cable 61

Part B: Build and Test an Ethernet Crossover Cable 61Task B1: Obtain and Prepare the Cable 61Task B2: Prepare and Insert the T568A Wires 61Task B3: Inspect, Crimp, and Reinspect 62Task B4: Terminate the T568B Cable End 62Task B5: Test the Cable 62Task B6: Reflection 63

Lab 4-3: Terminating UTP Cables (4.5.4.4) 64

Task 1: Strip the Sheath 64

Task 2: Position Wires in Data Jack 64

Task 3: Punch Down the Data Jack 65

Task 4: Punch Down the Patch Panel 65

Task 5: Test the Data Jack and Patch Panel Terminations with a Basic Cable Tester (Optional) 66

Task 6: Reflection (Optional) 66

Lab 4-4: Testing UTP Cables (4.5.5.4) 67

Task 1: Set Up the Fluke 620 LAN CableMeter 68

Task 2: Test Cabling Procedure 68

Task 3: Use the Wire Map Meter Function 69

Task 4: Use the Length Meter Function 70

Task 5: Test Data Jack and Patch Panel Terminations for Wire Map, Length, and Miswire(Optional) 70

Task 6: Set Up and Test a Cable Using the Fluke MicroScanner 70


Chapter 5 Labs: Network Addressing 73

Lab 5-1: Using the Windows Calculator with Network Addresses (5.1.4.3) 73

Task 1: Access Windows Calculator and Determine Mode of Operation 74

Task 2: Convert Between Number Systems 74

Task 3: Convert Host IP Addresses 76

xii Networking for Home and Small Businesses, CCNA Discovery Learning Guide

Task 4: Convert Host IP Subnet Masks 76

Task 5: Convert Broadcast Addresses 77

Task 6: Convert IP and MAC Addresses for a Host 78

Task 7: Manipulate Powers of 2 to Determine the Number of Hosts on a Network 79

Task 8: (Optional) Determine the Network Number and Number of Hosts Based on Subnet Mask 79


Challenge Lab 5-2: Exploring IP Address Functions on an Multi-Function Device 81

Task 1: View Current IP Settings 81

Task 2: Configure TCP/IP Settings for DHCP 82

Task 3: Connect PCs to the Multi-Function Device 82

Task 4: Verify the Physical Connection 82

Task 5: Access the Command Prompt on a Client PC 82

Task 6: Access the Multi-Function Device Configuration Through a Web Browser 83

Task 7: Examine the Multi-Function Device Configuration 83

Task 8: Connect the Multi-Function Device to the Internet 83

Task 9: Verify Connectivity Using the ping Command 84

Task 10: Verify Connectivity Using the tracert Command 85

Task 11: Verify Internet Connectivity 85

Task 12: Determine the Network Boundaries 86

Task 13: Restore All Original Network Connections 86


Chapter 6 Labs: Network Services 87

Lab 6-1: Observing DNS Name Resolution (6.2.1.3) 87

Task 1: Observe DNS Conversion 87

Task 2: Verify DNS Operation Using the nslookup Command 88

Task 3: Identify Mail Servers Using the nslookup Command 89


Lab 6-2: Exploring FTP (6.2.3.3) 91

Task 1: Examine FTP from the Command Prompt 91

Task 2: Use a GUI FTP Client or Web Browser 92

Task 3: (Optional) Use Both an FTP Server and Client 93

Lab 6-3: Configuring an E-mail Client (6.2.4.4) 94

Task 1: Open Microsoft Outlook 94

Task 2: Set Up an E-mail Account 94

Task 3: Enter POP3 E-mail Account Information 94

Task 4: (Optional) Add Another Account or Change an Account 95


Chapter 7 Labs: Wireless Technology 97

Lab 7-1: Configuring a Wireless Access Point (7.2.5.3) 97

Task 1: Verify Connectivity Between the Computer and the Multi-function Device 97

Task 2: Log In to the Multi-function Device and Configure the Wireless Network 98


Lab 7-2: Configuring a Wireless Client (7.2.6.4) 100

Task 1: Install the Wireless NIC Driver 100

Task 2: Connect the Wireless NIC 101

Task 3: Attach to the Wireless Network 101

Task 4: Determine the NIC Driver Version 103

Task 5: Determine If the NIC Driver Is the Most Current 103

Task 6: Verify Connectivity 104


Lab 7-3: Configuring Wireless Security (7.3.5.2) 106

Task 1: Plan the Security for Your Home Network 106

Task 2: Connect a Computer to the Multi-function Device and Log In to theWeb-Based Utility 107

Task 3: Change the Linksys Device Password 108

Task 4: Configure the Wireless Security Settings 109

Task 5: Configure Encryption and Authentication 110

Task 6: Configure MAC Address Filtering 111


Challenge Lab 7-4: Planning the Home or Small Business WLAN 114

Task 1: Plan the WLAN 114

Task 2: Use Internet for Research 116

Task 3: Document Your Findings 117


Chapter 8 Labs: Basic Security 119

Lab 8-1: Configuring Access Policies and DMZ Settings (8.4.2.4) 119

Part A: Configuring Access Policies 120Task 1: Build the Network and Configure the Hosts 120Task 2: Log In to the User Interface 121Task 3: View Multi-Function Device Firewall Settings 121Task 4: Set Up Internet Access Restrictions Based on IP Address 122Task 5: Set Up an Internet Access Policy Based on an Application 123

Part B: Configuring a DMZ on the Multi-function Device 124Task 1: Set Up a Simple DMZ 124Task 2: Set Up a Host with Single Port Forwarding 125Task 3: Restore the Multi-Function Device to Its Default Settings 126

Lab 8-2: Performing a Vulnerability Analysis (8.4.3.2) 127

Task 1: Download and Install MBSA 128

Task 2: Build the Network and Configure the Hosts 128

Task 3: Run MBSA on a Host 129

Task 4: Select a Computer to Scan 129

Task 5: View Security Update Scan Results 129

Task 6: View Windows Scan Results in the Security Report 130

Task 7: View Desktop Application Scan Results in the Security Report 130

Task 8: Scan a Server, If Available 130

Contents xiii

Task 9: Uninstall MBSA Using Control Panel Add/Remove Programs 131


Chapter 9 Labs: Troubleshooting Your Network 133

Lab 9-1: Troubleshooting Using Network Utilities (9.2.7.2) 133


Task 2: Record the Baseline IP Address Information for Computers and Wireless Router 135

Task 3: Scenario 1—Diagnose Web Server Access 137

Task 4: Scenario 2—Diagnose Web Server Access 137

Task 5: Scenario 3—Diagnose FTP Server Access 138

Task 6: Scenario 4—Diagnose FTP Server Access 139

Task 7: Scenario 5—Diagnose Telnet Server Access Problem 139

Task 8: Scenario 6—Analyze TCP Connections to Host-A 140


Lab 9-2: Troubleshooting Physical Connectivity (9.3.3.2) 142


Task 2: Record the Correct Cable Types Used Between Devices 143

Task 3: Record the IP Address Information for the Computers 144

Task 4: Scenario 1 144





Chapter 10 Capstone Project: Putting It All Together 147

Task 1: Gather Information and Determine Customer Requirements 148

AnyCompany Corporation Information Summary 149

Office Floor Plan 151

Interview with the Administrative Manager 152

Task 2: Select the Appropriate Services and Equipment 153

Task 3: Plan the Installation 156

Task 4: Prepare and Present the Proposal 157

Task 5: Install and Configure the Network 158

Task 6: Test and Troubleshoot 159

Task 7: Document and Sign-Off 160

Task 8: Support 160

Glossary 163

xiv Networking for Home and Small Businesses, CCNA Discovery Learning Guide

Icons Used in This Book

Command Syntax Conventions xv

PC PC withSoftware

SunWorkstation

Macintosh

Terminal File Server

WebServer

CiscoworksWorkstation

Printer Laptop IBMMainframe

Front EndProcessor

ClusterController

Modem

DSU/CSU

Router Bridge Hub DSU/CSU CatalystSwitch

MultilayerSwitch

ATMSwitch

ISDN/Frame RelaySwitch

CommunicationServer

Gateway

AccessServer

Network Cloud

TokenRing

Token Ring

Line: Ethernet

FDDI

FDDI

Line: Serial Line: Switched Serial

Command Syntax Conventions

The conventions used to present command syntax in this book are the same conventions used in theIOS Command Reference. The Command Reference describes these conventions as follows:

■ Boldface indicates commands and keywords that are entered literally as shown. In actual con-figuration examples and output (not general command syntax), boldface indicates commandsthat are manually input by the user (such as a show command).

■ Italics indicate arguments for which you supply actual values.

■ Vertical bars (|) separate alternative, mutually exclusive elements.

■ Square brackets [ ] indicate optional elements.

■ Braces { } indicate a required choice.

■ Braces within brackets [{ }] indicate a required choice within an optional element.

Introduction

The Networking for Home and Small Businesses CCNA Discovery Learning Guide has two parts—Part I: Concepts and Part II: Labs. This Instructor Edition covers only Part II: Labs of the LearningGuide. The Instructor Edition includes the answers to all the labs, along with any additional notes tothe instructor regarding the labs.

The following Introduction pertains to the Learning Guide as a whole.

Cisco Networking Academy is a comprehensive e-learning program that delivers information technolo-gy skills to students around the world. The Cisco CCNA Discovery curriculum consists of four coursesthat provide a comprehensive overview of networking, from fundamentals to advanced applications andservices. The curriculum emphasizes real-world practical application, while providing opportunities foryou to gain the skills and hands-on experience needed to design, install, operate, and maintain networksin small to medium-sized businesses, as well as enterprise and service provider environments. TheNetworking for Home and Small Businesses course is the first course in the curriculum.

Networking for Home and Small Businesses, CCNA Discovery Learning Guide is the official supple-mental textbook for the first course in v4.x of the CCNA Discovery online curriculum of theNetworking Academy. As a textbook, this book provides a ready reference to explain the same networking concepts, technologies, protocols, and devices as the online curriculum. In addition, itcontains all the interactive activities, Packet Tracer activities, and hands-on labs from the online curriculum as well as bonus labs.

This book emphasizes key topics, terms, and activities and provides many alternative explanations andexamples as compared with the course. You can use the online curriculum as directed by your instruc-tor and then also use this Learning Guide’s study tools to help solidify your understanding of all thetopics. In addition, the book includes

■ Expanded coverage of CCENT/CCNA exam material

■ Additional key glossary terms

■ Bonus labs

■ Additional Check Your Understanding and Challenge questions

■ Interactive activities and Packet Tracer activities on the CD-ROM

Goal of This Book

First and foremost, by providing a fresh, complementary perspective of the online content, this bookhelps you learn all the required materials of the first course in the Networking Academy CCNADiscovery curriculum. As a secondary goal, individuals who do not always have Internet access canuse this text as a mobile replacement for the online curriculum. In those cases, you can read theappropriate sections of this book, as directed by your instructor, and learn the topics that appear in theonline curriculum. Another secondary goal of this book is to serve as your offline study material tohelp prepare you for the CCENT and CCNA exams.

Audience for This Book

This book’s main audience is anyone taking the first CCNA Discovery course of the NetworkingAcademy curriculum. Many Networking Academies use this textbook as a required tool in the course,

xvi Networking for Home and Small Businesses, CCNA Discovery Learning Guide

while other Networking Academies recommend the Learning Guides as an additional source of studyand practice materials.

Book Features

The educational features of this book focus on supporting topic coverage, readability, and practice ofthe course material to facilitate your full understanding of the course material.

Topic Coverage

The following features give you a thorough overview of the topics covered in each chapter so that youcan make constructive use of your study time:

■ Objectives: Listed at the beginning of each chapter, the objectives reference the core conceptscovered in the chapter. The objectives match the objectives stated in the corresponding chaptersof the online curriculum; however, the question format in the Learning Guide encourages youto think about finding the answers as you read the chapter.

■ “How-to” feature: When this book covers a set of steps that you need to perform for certaintasks, the text lists the steps as a how-to list. When you are studying, the icon helps you easilyrefer to this feature as you skim through the book.

■ Notes, tips, cautions, and warnings: These are short sidebars that point out interesting facts,timesaving methods, and important safety issues.

■ Chapter summaries: At the end of each chapter is a summary of the chapter’s key concepts. Itprovides a synopsis of the chapter and serves as a study aid.

Readability

The authors have compiled, edited, and in some cases rewritten the material so that it has a more con-versational tone that follows a consistent and accessible reading level. In addition, the following fea-tures have been updated to assist your understanding of the networking vocabulary:

■ Key terms: Each chapter begins with a list of key terms, along with a page-number referencefrom inside the chapter. The terms are listed in the order in which they are explained in thechapter. This handy reference allows you to find a term, flip to the page where the termappears, and see the term used in context. The Glossary defines all the key terms.

■ Glossary: This book contains an all-new Glossary with more than 350 computer and network-ing terms.

Practice

Practice makes perfect. This new Learning Guide offers you ample opportunities to put what youlearn to practice. You will find the following features valuable and effective in reinforcing the instruc-tion that you receive:

■ Check Your Understanding questions and answer key: Updated review questions are pre-sented at the end of each chapter as a self-assessment tool. These questions match the style ofquestions that you see in the online course. Appendix A, “Check Your Understanding andChallenge Questions Answer Key,” provides an answer key to all the questions and includes anexplanation of each answer.

Introduction xvii

How To

■ (NEW) Challenge questions and activities: Additional, and more challenging, review ques-tions and activities are presented at the end of chapters. These questions are purposefullydesigned to be similar to the more complex styles of questions you might see on the CCNAexam. This section might also include activities to help prepare you for the exams. Appendix Aprovides the answers.

■ Packet Tracer activities: Interspersed throughout the chapters you’ll find many activities towork with the Cisco Packet Tracer tool. Packet Tracer allows you to create networks, visualizehow packets flow in the network, and use basic testing tools to determine whether the networkwould work. When you see this icon, you can use Packet Tracer with the listed file to perform atask suggested in this book. The activity files are available on this book’s CD-ROM; PacketTracer software, however, is available through the Academy Connection website. Ask yourinstructor for access to Packet Tracer.

■ Interactive activities: These activities provide an interactive learning experience to reinforcethe material presented in the chapter.

■ Labs: This book contains all the hands-on labs from the curriculum plus additional challengelabs for further practice. Part I includes references to the hands-on labs, as denoted by the labicon, and Part II of the book contains each lab in full. You may perform each lab as you seeeach lab referenced in the chapter or wait until you have completed the chapter.

A Word About Packet Tracer Software and Activities

Packet Tracer is a self-paced, visual, interactive teaching and learning tool developed by Cisco. Labactivities are an important part of networking education. However, lab equipment can be a scarceresource. Packet Tracer provides a visual simulation of equipment and network processes to offset thechallenge of limited equipment. Students can spend as much time as they like completing standard labexercises through Packet Tracer, and have the option to work from home. Although Packet Tracer isnot a substitute for real equipment, it allows students to practice using a command-line interface. This“e-doing” capability is a fundamental component of learning how to configure routers and switchesfrom the command line.

Packet Tracer v4.x is available only to Cisco Networking Academies through the AcademyConnection website. Ask your instructor for access to Packet Tracer.

A Word About the Discovery Server CD

The CCNA Discovery series of courses is designed to provide a hands-on learning approach to net-working. Many of the CCNA Discovery labs are based on Internet services. Because it is not alwayspossible to allow students access to these services on a live network, the Discovery Server has beendeveloped to provide them.

The Discovery Server CD is a bootable CD developed by Cisco that transforms a regular PC into aLinux server running several preconfigured services for use with the CCNA Discovery labs. TheDiscovery Server is available from the Academy Connection website only. Your instructor can down-load the CD files from the Instructor Tools section of the Academy Connection website, burn a CD,and show you how to make use of the Server. Hands-on labs that make use of the Discovery Serverare identified within the labs themselves.

xviii Networking for Home and Small Businesses, CCNA Discovery Learning Guide

Packet Tracer Activity

Once booted, the server provides many services to clients including

■ Domain Name Services

■ Web Services

■ FTP

■ TFTP

■ Telnet

■ SSH

■ DHCP

■ Streaming Video

■ VPN Termination

How This Book Is Organized

This book covers the major topics in the same sequence as the online curriculum for the CCNADiscovery Networking for Home and Small Businesses course. The online curriculum has 10 chaptersfor this course, so this book has 10 chapters with the same names and numbers as the online coursechapters.

To make it easier to use this book as a companion to the course, the major topic headings in eachchapter match, with just a few exceptions, the major sections of the online course chapters. However,the Learning Guide presents many topics in slightly different order inside each major heading.Additionally, the book occasionally uses different examples than the course. As a result, students getmore detailed explanations, a second set of examples, and different sequences of individual topics, allto aid the learning process. This new design, based on research into the needs of the NetworkingAcademies, helps typical students lock in their understanding of all the course topics.

Chapters and Topics

Part I of this book has 10 chapters, as follows:

■ Chapter 1, “Personal Computer Hardware,” discusses different types of personal computers,how they are used, and the difference between local and network applications. This chapterdescribes how data is represented and manipulated in a computer system. Also covered is therole of the various computer components and peripherals and the proper way to install and testthem.

■ Chapter 2, “Operating Systems,” introduces the OS, its key components, and user interfacesas well as some of the more common operating systems. It provides an overview of the com-mercial and GPL software licensing schemes. This chapter presents different options for OSinstallation and describes the process for upgrading and maintaining the OS. It covers the com-mon types of file systems used with PCs and hard disk partitioning. You will also learn the IPparameters that must be configured to prepare a computer to participate on the network.

■ Chapter 3, “Connecting to the Network,” introduces communications protocols and describeshow communication occurs on an Ethernet network. The main components of an informationnetwork are explored as are the roles clients and servers play. In this chapter you will build apeer-to-peer computer network and verify it is functioning. Logical and physical topologies are

Introduction xix

compared and the layered networking model is introduced. You will learn how hubs, switches,and routers function. Also covered are broadcast and collision domains, ARP, default gateways,and prototyping.

■ Chapter 4, “Connecting to the Internet Through an ISP,” introduces ISP services, optionsfor connecting to the Internet, and components of an ISP Network Operations Center (NOC).This chapter discusses the Internet Protocol (IP) and how information is sent across the Internetthrough an ISP. Other major areas covered by this chapter are the cabling and connectors usedfor connecting network devices, with focus on Ethernet UTP cables and how they are construct-ed. You will build Ethernet cables and test them.

■ Chapter 5, “Network Addressing,” examines the IP address and subnet mask and how theyare used on a network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast IP addresses are introduced as well asthe three classes of assignable IP addresses. This chapter covers how IP addresses are obtained,the differences between public and a private addresses, and how network address translation(NAT) functions.

■ Chapter 6, “Network Services,” builds on the client/server model as it relates to common net-work services. This chapter describes the TCP and UDP transport protocols, the function ofport numbers, and the protocols and applications that use them. Focus is on major Internet serv-ices, applications, and protocols including DNS, e-mail, WWW, FTP, and IM. The concept of aprotocol stack and how protocols interact on a host when sending and receiving a message areintroduced. The purpose of a layered networking model is discussed as are the two major mod-els in use, the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) and the TCP/IP model.

■ Chapter 7, “Wireless Technologies,” explores the benefits and limitations of wireless technol-ogy and where it is used. This chapter compares the wireless personal-area network (WPAN),wireless local-area network (WLAN), and wireless wide-area network (WWAN). It describescomponents required to build a WLAN and their functions as well as the current standards forWLANs and how they compare. In this chapter, you will configure parameters on a wirelessaccess point (AP) to allow a wireless client to access network resources. You will also exploretechniques available to help secure the WLAN.

■ Chapter 8, “Basic Security,” introduces networking threats, their characteristics, and differentmethods of attack. This chapter also describes security procedures and applications that canhelp prevent attacks and focuses on firewalls, their capabilities, and how a DMZ is structured.You will configure a DMZ and port forwarding with an integrated router device. You will alsolearn about vulnerability analysis software and how can it help to prevent attacks.

■ Chapter 9, “Troubleshooting Your Network,” identifies the steps involved in the trou-bleshooting process and some of the common troubleshooting techniques. Utilities available fortroubleshooting connectivity issues are explored. This chapter also covers some of the morecommon issues with wired and wireless LANs and suggests some possible sources of helpwhen troubleshooting.

■ Chapter 10, “Putting It All Together.” In this summary activity, you use what you havelearned about computer hardware and software, wired and wireless networking components,protocols and applications, and techniques for securing a network to plan and implement atechnical solution for a small business.

xx Networking for Home and Small Businesses, CCNA Discovery Learning Guide

Part II of this book includes the labs that correspond to each chapter.

This book also includes the following:

■ An appendix, “Check Your Understanding and Challenge Questions Answer Key,” pro-vides the answers to the Check Your Understanding questions that you find at the end of eachchapter. It also includes answers for the Challenge questions and activities that conclude mostchapters.

■ The Glossary provides a compiled list of all the key terms that appear throughout this bookplus additional computer and networking terms.

About the CD-ROM

The CD-ROM included with this book provides many useful tools and information to support youreducation:

■ Packet Tracer Activity files: These are files to work through the Packet Tracer activities thatare referenced throughout the book, as indicated by the Packet Tracer activity icon.

■ Interactive Activities: The CD-ROM contains the interactive activities referenced throughoutthe book.

■ OSI Model Overview: The CD-ROM also contains a brief overview of the OSI model for yourreference.

■ Taking Notes: This section includes a .txt file of the chapter objectives to serve as a generaloutline of the key topics of which you need to take note. The practice of taking clear, consistentnotes is an important skill for not only learning and studying the material but for on-the-jobsuccess as well. Also included in this section is “A Guide to Using a Networker’s Journal”; aPDF booklet providing important insight into the value of the practice of using a journal, howto organize a professional journal, and some best practices on what, and what not, to take noteof in your journal.

■ IT Career Information: This section includes a Student Guide to applying the toolkitapproach to your career development. Learn more about entering the world of InformationTechnology as a career by reading two informational chapters excerpted from The IT CareerBuilder’s Toolkit: “Information Technology: A Great Career” and “Breaking into IT.”

■ Lifelong Learning in Networking: As you embark on a technology career, you will notice thatit is ever-changing and evolving. This career path provides new and exciting opportunities tolearn new technologies and their applications. Cisco Press is one of the key resources to pluginto on your quest for knowledge. This section of the CD-ROM provides an orientation to theinformation available to you and tips on how to tap into these resources for lifelong learning.

Introduction xxi

Packet Tracer Activity

CHAPTER 1

Labs: Personal Computer Hardware

The lab exercises included in this chapter cover all the Chapter 1 online curriculum labs to ensure that youhave mastered the practical, hands-on skills needed to understand the basics of computer hardware and storage.As you work through these labs, use Chapter 1 in Part I of this book or use the corresponding Chapter 1 in theNetworking for Home and Small Businesses course of the CCNA Discovery online curriculum for assistance.

Lab 1-1: Determining Data Storage Capacity (1.3.2.2)

Objectives

■ Determine the amount of RAM (in MB) installed in a PC.

■ Determine the size of the hard disk drive (in GB) installed in a PC.

■ Determine the used and available space on the hard disk drive (in GB).

■ Check other types of storage devices (floppy, CD-ROM, DVD).

Background/Preparation

The storage capacity of many PC components is measured in megabytes (MB) and gigabytes (GB). Thesecomponents include RAM, hard disk drives, and optical media, such as CDs and DVDs. In this lab, you deter-mine the capacity and space available for various computer components.

To perform this lab, you need to use a computer with Windows XP installed.

Task 1: Identify the Amount of RAM in a Computer

Step 1. Windows XP offers two ways to view control panels: Classic View and Category View. The optionsavailable depend on which one of these two views you are using. If you see the Switch to CategoryView option on the left, you are currently in the Classic View mode. If Switch to Classic View isdisplayed, you are currently in Category View mode. For this task, be sure that you are in ClassicView mode, shown in Figure 1-1.

Figure 1-1 Control Panel Category and Classic Views

Classic View Category View

Step 2. From the Start menu, select Control Panel. In the Control Panel, choose System to openthe System Properties dialog box. Alternatively, you can get this information by clickingthe Start button and right-clicking the My Computer icon. Next, choose Propertiesfrom the drop-down menu.

Note that if you are using Windows XP in Classic View, you need to select Settings fromthe Start menu and then Control Panel. To switch to the standard XP view, right-click theStart button and select Properties. Select Start Menu and then click OK.

The computer operating system and service pack information are listed in the upper part ofthe dialog box. The computer processor type, speed, and memory are listed in the lowerportion, as shown in Figure 1-2.

Figure 1-2 My Computer Information Screen

2 Networking for Home and Small Businesses, CCNA Discovery Learning Guide

Computer Processor Type,Speed, and Memory

Computer OperatingSystem and ServicePack Information

In Figure 1-2, the computer processor is an AMD Athlon processor with a clock speed of986 megahertz (MHz). Clock speed is a measurement of the number of cycles per secondthat a processor is capable of doing. The number of cycles impacts the number of instruc-tions per second that the CPU can process. A higher clock speed generally means that aprocessor is capable of executing more instructions per second.

The computer has 1.87 GB of RAM available for the CPU.

Step 3. Check your computer and determine the amount of RAM available to the CPU. Howmuch RAM is in your computer?

The answer will vary depending on the RAM installed in each computer.

Task 2: Determine the Size of the Hard Disk Drive

Step 1. Double-click the My Computer icon on your computer desktop. If you do not have a MyComputer icon, click Start and choose My Computer.

Step 2. Right-click the local disk drive under the Hard Disk Drives section (which is usually the Cdrive), and select Properties. The Local Disk Properties dialog box opens. The totalcapacity of the hard drive is shown above the Drive C icon, as illustrated in Figure 1-3.

Figure 1-3 Hard Disk Drive Capacity

Chapter 1: Labs: Personal Computer Hardware 3

Step 3. Determine the size of the hard drive on your computer. What is the total size of the harddrive in GB?

The answer will vary depending on the hard drive installed in each computer.

Step 4. Keep the Local Disk Properties dialog box open for Task 3.

Task 3: Determine the Free Space and Used Space on the

Hard Drive

In the Local Disk Properties dialog box, the used and free space are shown in both bytes and GBabove the capacity information, as shown in Figure 1-4.

Figure 1-4 Hard Disk Free Space

What is the used space of your hard drive in GB?

Answers will vary.

What is the free space of your hard drive in GB?

The answer will vary depending on the space of each individual hard drive.

Task 4: Check for Other Storage Devices

Step 1. Right-click the Start button and select Explore. Select My Computer in the left pane, asshown in Figure 1-5.

Figure 1-5 Available Storage Devices


How many drive letters are shown in the window that appears?

The answer depends on the hardware installed, but at least one and most likely two driveletters will appear for the hard drive and CD/DVD drive. If the computer has a floppydrive, a USB flash drive, or a network drive, the window might show additional drive letters.

Step 2. Right-click a drive icon and select Properties. The Disk Properties window appears, asshown in Figure 1-6.

Step 3. Select the Hardware tab, which provides information about each device and whether it isworking properly.

Figure 1-6 Disk Properties


Task 5: Reflection

1. Why is it important to know the amount of RAM in your computer?

Knowing the amount of RAM in your computer will help you determine the type of OS thatyou are able to run as well as which application programs you can use. Generally, the moreRAM in a computer system the better.

2. Why is it important to know the size of a hard drive as well as the space being used?

The size of the hard drive gives an indication of the total number of files that can be stored onthe drive. This includes the operating system, application programs, as well as any data associ-ated with these programs. Generally, the larger the drive size the better.

Lab 1-2: Determining the Screen Resolution of a

Computer (1.3.3.4)

Objectives

■ Determine the current screen resolution of a PC monitor.

■ Determine the maximum resolution for the highest color quality.

■ Calculate the number of pixels needed for resolution settings.

■ Identify the type of monitor and graphics display adapter installed.


The resolution of a monitor determines the quality of the screen display. The resolution is determinedby the number of horizontal and vertical picture elements (pixels) that are used to produce the imageon the monitor. The number of pixels is typically predefined by the manufacturers of graphics cardsand PC monitors. The highest number of pixels that a monitor and graphics card can support isreferred to as maximum resolution. An example of maximum resolution is 1280 x 1024, which meansthe display is composed of 1280 horizontal pixels and 1024 vertical pixels. The higher the resolutionis set, the sharper the display image. Two factors determine the maximum resolution of a PC monitorand the number of colors the monitor can display:

■ Capability of the monitor

■ Capability of the graphics card, especially the amount of onboard memory

To perform this lab, you need to use a computer with Windows XP installed.

Task 1: Determine the Current Screen Resolution

Step 1. To view the current screen resolution and color quality settings, right-click any emptyspace on the desktop and select Properties from the context menu. In the DisplayProperties window, click the Settings tab.

You can also access Display Properties by opening the Control Panel and clicking theDisplay icon.

Figure 1-7 shows the Display Properties window.

Step 2. Use the Display Properties Settings tab to record the current settings on your PC:

The screen resolution is______________________

Answers will vary.

The horizontal resolution is___________________________

The first value.

The vertical resolution is ___________________________

The second value.

The color quality value is ____________________________

Answers will vary.

Step 3. Keep the Display Properties Settings dialog box open for Task 2.


Figure 1-7 Windows XP Display Properties


Task 2: Determine the Maximum Resolution for the Highest

Color Quality

The slide bar under Screen Resolution is used to configure the desired resolution.

Step 1. Move the slide bar to see the range of screen resolutions that are available on your PC.(The range is determined by the operating system when it identifies the display adapterand the monitor.)

Step 2. Use the Display Properties Settings tab to fill out Table 1-1 for the current settings on your PC.

Table 1-1 PC Display Settings

Minimum screen resolution Answers will vary.

Maximum screen resolution Answers will vary.

Available color quality settings Answers will vary.

Task 3: Calculate the Pixels for Current and Maximum

Resolution Settings

The display on the screen consists of rows of pixels. The number of pixels in each row is the horizon-tal resolution. The number of rows is the vertical resolution. To determine the total number of pixelsin a screen resolution, you multiply the horizontal resolution by the vertical resolution. For example,if the current resolution is 1280 × 1024, the total number of pixels is 1280 times 1024, or 1,310,720.

Step 1. Calculate the total number of pixels for the lowest resolution:

Answers will vary.

Step 2. Calculate the total number of pixels for the maximum resolution:

Answers will vary.

Task 4: Identify the Type of Graphics Card Installed

You can get detailed information about the graphics card (also called the display adapter) in theDisplay Properties screen.

Step 1. In the Display Properties screen, click the Advanced button.

Step 2. Select the Adapter tab, as shown in Figure 1-8.

Figure 1-8 Windows XP Advanced Adapter Properties


Step 3. Use the information found in the Adapter tab to complete Table 1-2.

Table 1-2 Graphics Card Information

Graphics card manufacturer and model (Adapter Type) Answers will vary.

Graphics memory on card (Memory Size) Answers will vary.

Task 5: Identify the Type of Monitor and Available Refresh

Rates

You can get detailed information about the monitor in the Display Properties screen. The screenrefresh rate determines the number of times per second the screen is illuminated or redrawn. A refreshrate of 60 hertz means the screen is illuminated 60 times per second. Higher refresh rates provide lessscreen flicker, which reduces eye strain, but may adversely affect the monitor. You should set the

refresh rate to the highest level the monitor can safely support.

Step 1. Click the Monitor tab to see the monitor type and current refresh rate, as shown in Figure 1-9.

Figure 1-9 Windows XP Monitor Properties


Step 2. Use the information found in the Monitor tab to complete Table 1-3.

Table 1-3 PC Monitor Information

Monitor type Answers will vary.

Supported refresh rates Answers will vary.

What can occur if you select a refresh rate that is higher than what the monitor can safelydisplay? Do not actually change the refresh rate.

See the note on the Monitor tab screen shown in Figure 1-9. Selecting a refresh rate that ishigher than what the monitor can safely display might lead to an unusable display or dam-aged hardware.

Lab 1-3: Installing a Printer and Verifying Its

Operation (1.5.3.4)

Objectives

■ Manually install a printer using the default Windows XP driver.

■ Verify printer and driver installation and troubleshoot any problems.

■ Download and install the most recent driver from the printer manufacturer.


Many home and small office printers are Plug-and-Play, which means that Windows XP automaticallydiscovers the printer and installs a functional driver. However, if you know the process for manuallyinstalling a printer and updating the printer driver, you have the knowledge to troubleshoot many typesof printer problems.

In this lab, you install a virtual printer on a Windows XP workstation. You also compare the featuresavailable with the Windows default printer driver with those available with the latest driver availablefrom the manufacturer.

This lab is designed to work without an actual printer, but most steps are exactly the same for con-necting a physical printer.

The following resources are required:

■ Computer with Window XP installed

■ Internet connection

Task 1: Add a Printer

Step 1. From the Start menu, select Control Panel. If working in Classic view, select Settings andthen Control Panel. Double-click the Printers and Faxes icon. If this icon is not shown,click Switch to Classic View in the left pane.

Step 2. In the Printers and Faxes window, click the Add Printer icon to open the Add PrinterWizard, shown in Figure 1-10. Click Next.

Figure 1-10 Windows Add Printer Wizard


Step 3. In the Local or Network Printer window shown in Figure 1-11, click the Local printerattached to this computer radio button and uncheck Automatically detect and installmy Plug and Play printer. Click Next.

Figure 1-11 Windows Local or Network Printer Selection


Step 4. In the Select a Printer Port window shown in Figure 1-12, click the Use the followingport radio button and choose LPT1: (Recommended Printer Port). Click Next.

Figure 1-12 Windows Printer Port Selection

Step 5. Note: In this step, you choose a driver provided by Windows XP for an HP LaserJet 2200,a common home or small office, black-and-white laser printer. You do not have to physi-cally have the printer to do these steps. However, if you are installing a printer that is actu-ally attached to your computer, choose the manufacturer and printer model correspondingto your printer instead of the HP LaserJet 2200.

In the Install Printer Software window shown in Figure 1-13, select HP from theManufacturer list. In the Printers list, locate HP LaserJet 2200 Series PCL and click toselect it. Click Next.

Figure 1-13 Selecting a Printer to Install


Step 6. In the Name Your Printer window shown in Figure 1-14, choose a descriptive name for theprinter. In an environment like a large office that has several printers of the same make andmodel, giving each printer a unique name so that it can easily be identified is helpful.Click No under Do You Want to Use This Printer as the Default Printer? (If you are con-necting an actual printer, click Yes if you want Windows applications to use this printer bydefault.) Click Next.

Figure 1-14 Entering a Printer Name

Step 7. In the Printer Sharing window, click Next to accept the default option to not share thisprinter.

Step 8. If you are actually installing a printer, click Next in the Print Test Page window to print atest page. If you are installing a virtual HP LaserJet 2200, click the No radio button beforeclicking Next.

Step 9. In the Completing the Add Printer Wizard window shown in Figure 1-15, review the printer settings and then click Finish.

Figure 1-15 Completing the Add Printer Wizard


Task 2: Verify the Printer Installation

Step 1. Select Printers and Faxes in the Control Panel and check to see that the printer youinstalled and named is shown. If it is not shown, repeat Task 1.

Step 2. Right-click the icon for the new printer (HPLJ 2200 Series PCL Virtual) and then clickProperties. The dialog box shown in Figure 1-16 opens.

Figure 1-16 Viewing Printer Properties

Step 3. Click the Advanced tab and record the name of the driver shown in the Driver text box.

Driver Name: HP LaserJet 2200 Series PCL

Step 4. Click the Device Settings tab and examine the available options for the printer using thisdriver, as shown in Figure 1-17. To close the window, click Cancel.

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