networking feb. 6, 2008 by larry finger. networking hardware glossary rj45 – official name for...

NetworkingNetworking

Feb. 6, 2008

by

Larry Finger

NetworkingNetworkingHardware Glossary

RJ45 – Official name for 8-pin connector Cat 5, 5E or 6 - Cable suitable for “high”-speed

transmission (2 flavors – straight and crossover) Hub – multiple ports with all input relayed to all ports Switch – Smarter than hub. It learns the port

corresponding to a given computer and relays signals only to that port.

Router – interconnects between 2 networks. Modem – Modulator/Demodulator – converts digital

signal into form for transmission over long distances NIC – Network Interface Card AP – wireless Access Point

NetworkingNetworkingSoftware Glossary (Part I)

IP – Internet Protocol CSMA/CD – Collision Sense Multiple Access/Collision

Detection TCP – Transmission Control Protocol UDP – User Datagram Protocol IPv4 – Original form of IP Address W.X.Y.Z ~4 billion IPv6 – Enhanced form (little used) ~200 trillion DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol – means

for a server to supply the IP address for a computer

DNS – Domain Name Service – Names to IP Address conversion

NetworkingNetworkingSoftware Glossary (Part II)

Netmask – Indicates range of addresses allowed Client/Server – Client initiates exchange, server

responds MAC – Media Access Control Address –

hardware (physical) address of interface LAN – Local Area Network NAT – Network Address Translation – allows a

LAN to share one IP Address ISP – Internet Service Provider

NetworkingNetworkingNetwork – Best setup for more than 2

computers – uses external router

NetworkingNetworkingOn each computer connected to the router, run

the Network Setup Wizard

NetworkingNetworkingThe Wizard

NetworkingNetworkingWizard Step 1

NetworkingNetworkingConnection method

NetworkingNetworkingComputer description

NetworkingNetworkingSet your workgroup name

NetworkingNetworkingDo you want to share printers or disk?

NetworkingNetworkingA summary to check your answers

NetworkingNetworkingThe Wizard does its thing.

NetworkingNetworkingThe Wizard offers to make a Network Setup

Disk

NetworkingNetworkingFinish the Wizard

NetworkingNetworkingA reboot is the final step

NetworkingNetworkingNetwork for only 2 computers without external

router – not recommended


a

NetworkingNetworkingInformation may also be gotten from Network

Connections in Control Panel

NetworkingNetworkingIf you need to use a fixed IP Address

NetworkingNetworkingTo Share a Printer – Select Control

Panel/Printers and Faxes


a

NetworkingNetworkingFile sharing – Creating a share – Right click on

folder

NetworkingNetworkingCreating a file share – step 2

NetworkingNetworkingBrowsing to a shared folder

NetworkingNetworkingAssigning a shared folder to a new drive


Diagnostic Tools Link Bit – for wired connections ipconfig - configuration ping – test connectivity nslookup – test DNS (domain nameserver) tracert – checks routing – each router returns the

time to reach it

NetworkingNetworkingTo check your network, use Start/Run and

enter “cmd” in the box

NetworkingNetworkingIn the “cmd” window, type ipconfig /all

NetworkingNetworkingOutput of “ping www.google.com”PING www.l.google.com (216.239.51.104) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from kc-in-f104.google.com (216.239.51.104): icmp_seq=1 ttl=241 time=161 ms




--- www.l.google.com ping statistics ---

4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3008ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 147.358/157.279/164.044/6.407 ms

http://www.google.com/


Output of ping when it fails:PING www.l.google.com (216.239.51.99) 56(84) bytes of data.

--- www.l.google.com ping statistics ---

4 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 3004ms

NetworkingNetworkingOutput of “nslookup www.google.com”Server: 192.168.4.1

Address: 192.168.4.1#53

Non-authoritative answer:

www.google.com canonical name = www.l.google.com.

Name: www.l.google.com

Address: 216.239.51.104

Name: www.l.google.com

Address: 216.239.51.99

http://www.google.com/

NetworkingNetworkingOutput of tracert (Part I) – Save this for later

tracert www.google.comtracert to www.google.com (64.233.169.104), 30 hops max, 40

byte packets

1 10.112.0.1 (10.112.0.1) 177.205 ms 184.276 ms 185.644 ms

2 gw1.iad1.fullmeshnetworks.com (38.119.98.193) 182.302 ms 183.300 ms 181.994 ms

3 fa0-2.na05.b003393-1.iad03.atlas.cogentco.com (38.112.9.129) 179.328 ms 183.148 ms 176.084 ms

4 gi8-43.3505.mpd01.iad03.atlas.cogentco.com (38.20.33.225) 174.955 ms 167.986 ms 186.439 ms

5 vl3489.mpd01.dca02.atlas.cogentco.com (154.54.7.93) 198.836 ms 199.103 ms 198.833 ms


tracert output (Part II) 6 te1-2.ccr02.iad01.atlas.cogentco.com (154.54.7.158) 199.933

ms te8-2.ccr02.iad01.atlas.cogentco.com (154.54.2.50) 208.862 ms 241.249 ms

7 google.iad01.atlas.cogentco.com (154.54.10.146) 131.430 ms google.iad01.atlas.cogentco.com (154.54.13.206) 131.893 ms google.iad01.atlas.cogentco.com (154.54.10.146) 141.629 ms

8 209.85.130.12 (209.85.130.12) 151.897 ms 209.85.130.16 (209.85.130.16) 197.819 ms *

9 * 64.233.175.109 (64.233.175.109) 396.917 ms 396.506 ms

10 72.14.232.25 (72.14.232.25) 420.351 ms 442.178 ms 72.14.232.21 (72.14.232.21) 447.649 ms

11 yo-in-f104.google.com (64.233.169.104) 440.918 ms 436.546 ms 437.290 ms

NetworkingNetworkingDiagnostic Steps if accessing a particular site fails:

1.Check link light if you have a wired connection

2.Ping your default gateway – if this fails, your local network is faulty.

3.Check your IP address – if 169.X.X.X, DHCP is failing.

4.Do an nslookup for the site that is failing – if this fails, your ISP's name server is failing, or you have an external connectivity problem

5. If step 4 fails, ping 216.239.51.104. If 4 works, ping site by name.

6. If 5 works and 4 fails, your ISP has a name server problem.

7. If both 4 and 5 fail, the network is failing – use the tracert output and ping each step.

networking feb. 6, 2008 by larry finger. networking hardware glossary rj45 – official name for...

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