netl research and innovation center’s methane emissions ... · •data mining for information...
TRANSCRIPT
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Solutions for Today | Options for Tomorrow
NETL Research and Innovation Center’s Methane Emissions Quantification Program EPA Stakeholder Workshop on Natural Gas and Petroleum Systems in the GHG Inventory
June 22, 2017 Natalie Pekney, PhD, NETL
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NETL Research and Innovation Center’s Methane Emissions Quantification Program
• OBJECTIVE
• Emission quantification of natural gas infrastructure sufficient to update the EPA Greenhouse Gas Inventory (GHGI)
• APPROACH
• Obtain a more detailed and comprehensive data set for selected components/facilities of the nation’s natural gas midstream infrastructure.
• Field efforts concentrated on characterizing:
• Gathering system pipelines
• Abandoned and orphaned gas wells
• Legacy gas pipelines
• NETL’S PARTNERS & THEIR ROLES
• Industry & Universities: R&D and field validation partners
• National Labs: Partners in fundamental science R&D
• NGOs: Independent quantification efforts funded with universities (e.g., EDF)
• EPA: Identify GHGI needs and collaboration in field campaigns
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NETL Facilities/Capabilities
• Source Emissions Measurements• Tracer Release for Indirect Methane
Emissions Measurements• Vehicle-based Methane Surveys• Ambient air monitoring
NETL’s Utility Terrain Vehicle (UTV) equipped with methane detection instrumentation
Dynamic Flux Chamber Network (Eosense)
Hi Flow Sampler
NETL’s Mobile Air Monitoring Laboratory
SUV-based Methane Survey Results
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Summer 2014
Pennsylvania Abandoned Wells Field Study: Aerial Surveys and Ground-based Verification
Oil Creek State Park
Hillman State Park
SusquehannockState Forest
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Aerial Survey Instrumentation
Analyzerfiber optic
mir
ror
mir
ror
IR laser
Picarro G2203 Methane Analyzer
Boreal GasFinderAB
Ground-based Portable Meteorological Station
Scintrex Cesium Vapor Magnetometers
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Hillman State Park Aerial survey results
Magnetic Data Methane Data
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• 31 wells sampled
• 22 above ground, unplugged; 9 buried
• Average emission rate 0.70 kg CH4/well/day for aboveground wells
• Methane soil flux for buried wells not significantly different than background
Abandoned Wells Emissions Measurements: Hillman State Park, PA
Comparison of measurement techniquesFID screening, Hi Flow sampler, bag sampling, dynamic flux chamber, infrared camera
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Oil Creek State Park Aerial survey results
Magnetic Data Methane Data
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Abandoned Wells Emissions Measurements: Oil Creek State Park, PA
• Various data sources for well location
• 60 wells done as of June 7• At least 14 plugged
• 8 leakers, leak rate ≤1.1 lpmCH4
• Target 130 wells for 95% confidence of representative sample for the park area
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Pix Controller RemoteMonitorTM
CH4
Real-time transmission over wireless data connection
0-100% LEL CH4
detection with 100 ppm resolution
Abandoned Wells Continuous Methane Emissions Monitoring
Sensors installed at two abandoned wells in Hillman State Park
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Abandoned Wells Continuous Methane Emissions Monitoring
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• Hillman State Park results journal article submitted for publication
• Continuous monitoring ongoing
• Draft report planned end of FY2017
• Oil Creek State Park study ongoing
• Data mining for information about age, production, date of abandonment/plugging, etc.
• Draft report planned end of FY2017
NETL RIC’s Abandoned Wells Field Measurements Summary
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• Estimation for gathering pipelines vs. transmission/distribution
• Measurement approaches: methods development
• Field survey challenges
Leak Rate Estimation for Natural Gas Gathering Pipelines
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Susquehannock and Moshannon State Forests Ground-based Surveys
Susquehannock Moshannon
Leak rate quantified: Blow-down valve Controlled CH4 release
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Susquehannock State Forest Aerial Survey Results
+/-0.4ppm
~7ppm
Aerial Detection of Methane from a Compressor Station:
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Moshannon State Forest Ground-based Survey Results
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• Proximal methane sources
• Includes natural sources (e.g. geological seepage)
• Variables
• Leak Rate
• Wind speed and direction
• Sensor Altitude
• Sample rate
• Barometric pressure? Humidity?
• Top-down surveying requires highly sensitive detectors; low-level leaks not detected at high altitudes• Ground-based follow up necessary for aerial surveys
• High sampling rate required
• Single vs. multiple passes: lower cost vs. increased probability of plume interception
• Cooperation with pipeline operators is helpful
• Looking forward: UAV-based surveys• Miniaturized magnetometer for (metallic) pipeline finding• Pergam LMC sensor for methane detection (ppm-m)
Gathering Pipeline Leak Rate Estimation Challenges and Lessons Learned